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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (02) : 199 -206. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2021.02.014

所属专题: 文献

腹部超声影像学

经食管超声评价右美托咪定对不同年龄段腹腔镜胆囊切除全身麻醉患者心输出量的影响
刘虎1, 王瑞婷1,(), 吕静静2, 王斌2   
  1. 1. 230001 合肥,安徽医科大学附属省立医院麻醉科
    2. 241001 芜湖,皖南医学院弋矶山医院麻醉科
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-11 出版日期:2021-02-01
  • 通信作者: 王瑞婷

Transesophageal ultrasound for evaluation of effect of dexmedetomidine on cardiac output in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia at different ages

Hu Liu1, Ruiting Wang1,(), Jingjing Lyu2, Bin Wang2   

  1. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
    2. Department of Anesthesiology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
  • Received:2020-09-11 Published:2021-02-01
  • Corresponding author: Ruiting Wang
引用本文:

刘虎, 王瑞婷, 吕静静, 王斌. 经食管超声评价右美托咪定对不同年龄段腹腔镜胆囊切除全身麻醉患者心输出量的影响[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2021, 18(02): 199-206.

Hu Liu, Ruiting Wang, Jingjing Lyu, Bin Wang. Transesophageal ultrasound for evaluation of effect of dexmedetomidine on cardiac output in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia at different ages[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2021, 18(02): 199-206.

目的

通过经食管超声心动图(TEE)评估右美托咪定(Dex)对不同年龄段腹腔镜胆囊切除全身麻醉患者的心输出量和心血管反应的影响。

方法

选取2017年6月至2019年6月安徽医科大学附属省立医院收治的全身麻醉行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者120例,按照年龄段分为青年组(20~39岁)37例、中年组(40~59岁)41例、老年组(≥60岁)42例。所有患者从麻醉诱导后血流动力学平稳时开始给予Dex。行TEE检查测定麻醉诱导后泵注Dex前(T0)、麻醉诱导后泵注Dex 10 min(T1)、30 min(T2)、60 min(T3)的心率、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、血流速度时间积分(VTI)、每搏输出量(SV)、心输出量以及视觉模拟评分法(VAS)镇痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分。分别于各时间点测定血浆皮质醇、血糖和肾上腺素。记录患者心血管不良反应以及躁动发生情况。青年组、中年组和老年组比较采用单因素方差分析和重复测量设计的方差分析,3组间两两比较采用配对t检验或χ2检验。

结果

青年组和中年组T3的心率、MAP、SV,T2、T3的心输出量均低于同组的T0,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。老年组T1、T2、T3的心率、MAP、SV,T2、T3的心输出量均低于T0,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。老年组T2、T3的心率、MAP、SV、心输出量均低于同时间点的青年组和中年组,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);青年组和中年组T3的血浆皮质醇、血糖,T2、T3的血浆肾上腺素均高于同组的T0,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。老年组T2、T3的血浆皮质醇、血糖,T1、T2、T3的血浆肾上腺素均高于同组的T0,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。老年组T3的血浆皮质醇,T2、T3的血浆血糖,T1、T2、T3的血浆肾上腺素均高于同时间点的青年组和中年组,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);青年组、中年组和老年组患者T1、T2、T3的VAS镇痛评分均低于同组T0,Ramsay镇静评分均高于同组T0,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05),组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);老年组患者发生低血压、心动过缓比例高于青年组和中年组(老年组vs青年组vs中年组:5 vs 0 vs 0、7 vs 0 vs 1),差异具有统计学意义(低血压:χ2=4.702、5.194,P=0.030、0.023;心动过缓:χ2=6.766、4.822,P=0.009、0.028)。

结论

相同剂量的Dex对不同年龄全身麻醉患者的心血管反应有明显差异,对老年患者的血流动力学和心输出量影响更为明显,发生低血压、心动过缓等心血管不良反应的概率更高。

Objective

To evaluate the value of ransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in evaluating the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on cardiac output and cardiovascular response in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia at different age groups.

Methods

A total of 120 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia at our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected, and according to age, they were divided into a youth group (20-39 years old, 37 patients), middle-aged group (40-59 years old, 41 patients), and elderly group (≥60 years old, 42 patients). All patients were given Dex when hemodynamics stabilized after induction of anesthesia. Before Dex injection after induction of anesthesia (T0) and at Dex injection for 10 min (T1), 30 min, and Dex injection for 60 min (T3) after induction of anesthesia, TEE was used to measure patients' heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), velocity time integral (VTI), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Ramsay sedation score. Plasma cortisol and blood sugar and epinephrine at each time point were measured. Cardiovascular adverse reactions and the occurrence of agitation were recorded. The paired t-test or chi square test was used for between-group comparisons, and one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were used for comparisons among three groups.

Results

The heart rate, MAP, and SV at T3 and the cardiac output at T2 and T3 were significantly lower than those at T0 in the youth group and middle-aged group (P<0.05). The heart rate, MAP, and SV at T1, T2, and T3 and the cardiac output at T2 and T3 were significantly lower than those at T0 in the elderly group (P<0.05). The heart rate, MAP, SV, and cardiac output at T2 and T3 in the elderly group were significantly lower than those of the youth group and middle-aged group at the same time points (P<0.05). Plasma cortisol and blood sugar at T3 and plasma epinephrine at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those at T0 in the youth group and middle-aged group (P<0.05). Plasma cortisol and blood sugar at T2 and T3 and plasma epinephrine at T1, T2, and T3 were significantly higher than those at T0 in the elderly group (P<0.05). Plasma cortisol at T3, blood sugar at T2 and T3, and plasma epinephrine at T1, T2, and T3 in the elderly group were all significantly higher than those of the young and middle-aged groups at the same time points (P<0.05). The VAS scores and Ramsay sedation scores at T1, T2, and T3 in the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups were all significantly lower than those at T0 (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the scores between the groups (P>0.05). The incidence of hypotension and bradycardia in the elderly group was significantly higher than that in the young group and middle-aged group (χ2=4.702, 5.194, 6.766, and 4.822, P=0.030, 0.023, 0.009, and 0.028, respectively).

Conclusion

Dex at the same dose has significantly different cardiovascular response in general anesthesia patients of different ages, and it has a more obvious impact on the hemodynamics and cardiac output of elderly patients. Elderly patients are more likely to have cardiovascular adverse reactions such as hypotension and bradycardia.

图1 经胃左心室短轴切面(乳头肌水平)测量左心室舒张末期和收缩末期面积值
图2 经食管中段左心室长轴切面测量左心室流出道直径
图3 经深胃左心室长轴切面测量左心室流出道血流速度时间积分
表1 不同年龄段组行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者一般资料比较
表2 不同年龄段患者各时间点血流动力学以及心输出量比较(
xˉ
±s
表3 不同年龄段患者各时间点血浆皮质醇、血糖、肾上腺素水平比较(
xˉ
±s
表4 不同年龄段患者各时间点VAS镇痛和Ramsay镇静评分比较(分,
xˉ
±s
表5 不同年龄患者不良反应情况比较(例)
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