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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (06) : 547 -551. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.06.001

指南与规范

ISUOG实践指南(更新):早孕期胎儿超声检查解读
冯丽1, 吴青青1,()   
  1. 1. 100026 首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院/北京妇幼保健院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-24 出版日期:2024-06-01
  • 通信作者: 吴青青

Interpretation of ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of first-trimester fetal ultrasound scan

Li Feng, Qingqing Wu()   

  • Received:2024-02-24 Published:2024-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Qingqing Wu
引用本文:

冯丽, 吴青青. ISUOG实践指南(更新):早孕期胎儿超声检查解读[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(06): 547-551.

Li Feng, Qingqing Wu. Interpretation of ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of first-trimester fetal ultrasound scan[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2024, 21(06): 547-551.

随着胎儿颈项透明层(nuchal translucency,NT)筛查的普及推广、超声医师水平及设备的不断提升,早孕期评估胎儿解剖结构成为可能。国际妇产科超声学会(International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology,ISUOG)临床标准委员会于2023年发表了早孕期胎儿超声扫查应用指南(更新)[1],本文对其主要内容予以解读。

图1 11+0~14+0周胎儿超声检查中相关生物学测量。图a:正中矢状切面测量头臀长;图b:胎儿颅脑横切面测量双顶径;图c:胎儿上腹部横切面测量腹围;图d:股骨长轴切面测量股骨长度;图e:颈项透明层(NT)切面测量NT厚度及鼻骨长度
图2 11+0~14+0周胎儿解剖结构扫查。图a:正中矢状切面清晰显示颜面部、鼻骨、后颅窝、颈项透明层(NT)、脊柱、腹壁、横膈膜;图b:评估胎盘的外观、位置及胎盘脐带插入点;图c:判断羊膜囊性及绒毛膜性("λ"征或"T"征);图d:侧脑室横切面显示骨化颅骨、连续大脑镰、两侧对称的大脑半球、侧脑室及脉络丛;图e:丘脑横切面显示骨化颅骨、丘脑、大脑脚;图f:后颅窝横切面显示丘脑、小脑、第四脑室、中脑导水管、小脑延髓池;图g:NT切面显示前额、鼻尖、鼻骨、上腭和下颌及相关后颅窝结构;图h:面部横切面显示眼眶、上颌突等;图i:鼻后三角冠状切面显示鼻骨、上颌骨、下颌骨、硬腭、下颌间隙;图j:胸部四腔心横切面评估肺、肋骨、主动脉、心脏位置;图k:四腔心切面彩色多普勒;图l:三血管-气管切面彩色多普勒;图m:腹部横切面显示胃泡、肝及肋骨;图n:脐带腹壁入口横切面显示完整腹壁及脐带插入点;图o:膀胱两侧脐动脉彩色多普勒;图p:膀胱横切面;图q:腹部正中矢状切面显示膀胱、脊柱、横膈膜;图r:胸腹部冠状面显示双侧肾脏;图s:脊柱全长矢状切面;图t、u:分别表示双侧下肢及上肢的三个节段
图3 11+0~14+0周胎儿多普勒超声检查中相关生物学测量。图a:胎儿胸腹部旁矢状切面静脉导管多普勒频谱;图b:心脏四腔心切面三尖瓣多普勒频谱;图c:子宫动脉多普勒频谱
1
International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bilardo CM, Chaoui R, et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of 11-14-week ultrasound scan [J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2023, 61(1): 127-143.
2
Karim JN, Bradburn E, Roberts N, et al. ACCEPTS study. First-trimester ultrasound detection of fetal heart anomalies: systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2022, 59(1): 11-25.
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Matias A, Gomes C, Flack N, et al. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 10-14 weeks: the role of ductus venosus blood flow [J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 1998, 12(6): 380-384.
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Maiz N, Valencia C, Kagan KO, et al. Ductus venosus Doppler in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and Turner syndrome at 11-13 weeks of gestation [J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2009, 33(5): 512-517.
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