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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (04) : 348 -353. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.010

小儿超声影像学

基于排泄性尿路超声造影诊断肾内反流及与DMSA 显像的相关性分析
杨秀珍1, 李丽1, 徐哲明2, 王晶晶3, 叶菁菁1,()   
  1. 1. 310051 杭州,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院超声科
    2. 310051 杭州,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院泌尿外科
    3. 310051 杭州,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院肾内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 叶菁菁

Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography-based assessment of intrarenal reflux: spatial correlation of intrarenal reflux with DMSA scintigraphy findings

Xiuzhen Yang1, Li Li1, Zheming Xu2, Jingjing Wang3, Jingjing Ye3,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Children's Health and Disease, Hangzhou 310051, China
    2. Department of Urology,Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Children's Health and Disease, Hangzhou 310051, China
    3. Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Children's Health and Disease, Hangzhou 310051, China
  • Received:2025-03-05 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Jingjing Ye
引用本文:

杨秀珍, 李丽, 徐哲明, 王晶晶, 叶菁菁. 基于排泄性尿路超声造影诊断肾内反流及与DMSA 显像的相关性分析[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(04): 348-353.

Xiuzhen Yang, Li Li, Zheming Xu, Jingjing Wang, Jingjing Ye. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography-based assessment of intrarenal reflux: spatial correlation of intrarenal reflux with DMSA scintigraphy findings[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(04): 348-353.

目的

探讨排泄性尿路超声造影(ceVUS)检测肾内反流(IRR)的临床价值及IRR 与放射性核素肾静态显像(DMSA)所示肾实质损伤部位的相关性。

方法

选取2021 年1 月至2024 年12 月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院经ceVUS 诊断为膀胱输尿管反流(VUR)的患者205 例[共410个肾盂-输尿管单位(PUUs)],其中302 个PUUs 存在不同程度的VUR。将肾实质内的集合小管内出现造影剂渗入定义为IRR。按肾脏长轴三等分法定位IRR 区域(上、中、下部)。比较不同VUR 级别及年龄组间IRR 检出率差异,并通过Kendall 相关性检验分析98 例(196 个PUUs)患儿的DMSA 显像异常部位与IRR 分布部位的空间一致性。

结果

IRR 总检出率为20.86%(63/302),均见于Ⅲ级及以上的VUR 病例。不同VUR 分级的检出率分别为:Ⅲ级27.08%(26/96),Ⅳ级43.55%(27/62),V 级52.63%(10/19)。1 岁以下患儿IRR 发生率显著高于1 岁以上组[27.28%(35/126) vs 15.91%(28/176),P<0.05]。IRR 在肾脏的区域分布为:上部42.06%(53/126)、下部33.33%(42/126)、中部24.60%(31/126)。98 例(196 个PUUs)患儿的DMSA 显像异常发生率为51.53%(101/196),存在IRR 组的发生率高于无IRR 组[80.00%(44/55) vs 40.42%(57/141),P<0.05]。DMSA 异常在肾脏的区域分布为:上部47.78%(75/157)、下部36.94%(58/157)、中部15.29%(24/157);IRR 在肾脏的区域分布为:上部44.82%(39/87)、下部32.18%(28/87)、中部22.99%(20/87)。IRR 与DMSA 异常的部位呈中度程度相关(Kendall 相关系数0.543,P<0.05)。

结论

ceVUS 可有效识别Ⅲ级及以上VUR 患儿的IRR。IRR 发生与低龄及高反流级别相关。IRR 在肾脏的部位与DMSA 显像异常部位存在空间一致性,提示应将其纳入VUR 分级系统以优化临床决策。

Objective

s To investigate the clinical utility of contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) in detecting intrarenal reflux (IRR) and analyze its spatial correlation with renal parenchymal damage identified by dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy.

Methods

A cohort of 205 non-duplex kidney patients, 410 pyeloureteral units (PUUs) were selected at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2021 to December 2024, 302 vesicoureteric reflux(VUR)-positive diagnosed by ceVUS was analyzed.IRR was defined as contrast agent infiltration into renal collecting tubules.Kidneys were divided into upper, middle, and lower thirds along the long axis for IRR localization.IRR detection rates across VUR grades and age groups were compared.Kendall’s correlation analysis was performed to evaluate spatial concordance between IRR and DMSA abnormalities in 98 patients(196 PUUs).

Results

The overall IRR detection rate was 20.86% (63/302 PUUs), exclusively observed in grade III-V VUR.Grade-specific detection rates were: III (27.08%, 26/96), IV (43.55%, 27/62), and V (52.63%,10/19).IRR incidence was significantly higher in infants<1 year (27.28% [35/126] vs 15.91% [28/176], P<0.05).IRR distribution was: upper (42.06%, 53/126)>lower (33.33%, 42/126)>middle (24.60%, 31/126).DMSA abnormalities occurred in 51.53% (101/196), showing a strong association with IRR (80.00% [44/55] vs 40.42%[57/141], P<0.05).DMSA abnormalities were distributed as: upper (47.78%, 75/157)>lower (36.94%, 58/157)>middle (15.29%, 24/157).IRR and DMSA abnormalities demonstrated a moderate spatial correlation (Kendall’s τ=0.543, P<0.05).

Conclusion

CeVUS effectively identifies IRR in grade III-V VUR, particularly in younger children.The spatial concordance between IRR and DMSA abnormalities supports incorporating IRR into VUR grading systems to optimize clinical decision-making.

图1 肾内反流超声造影及常规超声图像。图a,d 显示肾脏上部大面积肾内反流(箭头所示);图b,e 显示肾脏上部和中部大片肾内反流(箭头所示);图c,f 显示肾脏上部、中部和下部大片肾内反流(箭头所示)
表1 IRR 在肾脏的发生部位(个)
图2 膀胱输尿管反流患儿肾脏99mTc-二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)检测图像。图a 显示肾脏上部和下部摄取减低;图b 显示肾脏上部和下部摄取减低伴瘢痕形成
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