胎儿生物学参数超声参考值专家共识——脐动脉、子宫动脉、大脑中动脉多普勒参数及脑胎盘比

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2026.03.004

中华医学超声杂志（电子版） ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (03) : 200 -207. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2026.03.004

所属专题：指南共识；

专家共识

胎儿生物学参数超声参考值专家共识——脐动脉、子宫动脉、大脑中动脉多普勒参数及脑胎盘比

中华预防医学会出生缺陷预防与控制专业委员会产前超声诊断学组, 中华医学会超声医学分会妇产超声学组

^1. 610041　成都，四川大学华西第二医院全国妇幼卫生监测办公室/中国出生缺陷监测中心　出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室
^2. 518028　深圳，深圳市妇幼保健院超声科
^3. 510150　广州，广州医科大学附属第三医院胎儿医学中心

收稿日期:2026-03-04 出版日期:2026-03-01
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2704700，2022YFC2704701)

Expert consensus on reference ranges for fetal Doppler indices: umbilical artery, uterine artery, middle cerebral artery, and cerebroplacental ratio

Received:2026-03-04 Published:2026-03-01

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引用本文：

中华预防医学会出生缺陷预防与控制专业委员会产前超声诊断学组, 中华医学会超声医学分会妇产超声学组. 胎儿生物学参数超声参考值专家共识——脐动脉、子宫动脉、大脑中动脉多普勒参数及脑胎盘比[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）, 2026, 23(03): 200-207.

Group of Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnostics, Birth Defect Prevention and Control, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Group of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ultrasound Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Expert consensus on reference ranges for fetal Doppler indices: umbilical artery, uterine artery, middle cerebral artery, and cerebroplacental ratio[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2026, 23(03): 200-207.

图1 动脉多普勒频谱模式图注：PSV为收缩期最大峰值流速；EDV为舒张末期流速；TAMX为时间平均最高流速

图2 脐动脉多普勒频谱图注：Umb为脐带；PS为收缩期最大峰值流速；ED为舒张末期速度；S/D为收缩期最大峰值流速与舒张末期速度比值；PI为搏动指数；RI为阻力指数；MD为平均舒张期流速；TAmax为时间平均最高流速；HR为心率

图3 子宫动脉多普勒频谱图注：Ut为子宫动脉；PS为收缩期最大峰值流速；ED为舒张末期速度；S/D为收缩期最大峰值流速与舒张末期速度比值；PI为搏动指数；RI为阻力指数；MD为平均舒张期流速；TAmax为时间平均最高流速；HR为心率

图4 大脑中动脉多普勒频谱图注：MCA为大脑中动脉；PS为收缩期最大峰值流速；ED为舒张末期速度；S/D为收缩期最大峰值流速与舒张末期速度比值；PI为搏动指数；RI为阻力指数；MD为平均舒张期流速；TAmax为时间平均最高流速；HR为心率

表1 UA、UtA和MCA多普勒检测质控要点^[11-12]

质控点	质控内容
放大程度	感兴趣区域占屏幕的50%以上，缩放框和取样容积位于血管中心
声束角度	声束与血流方向的夹角＜30°（测量大脑中动脉时应＜15°）
扫描速度	3~6个一致、相似、平稳的波形
图像清晰度	脉冲频率和彩色增益调节适当
取样位置	（1）脐动脉：脐带游离段（单胎）（2）子宫动脉：早孕期为子宫动脉分支分出弓状动脉之前的部位；中晚孕期为子宫动脉与髂外动脉交叉点下游（上方）约1 cm 处（3）大脑中动脉：显示Willis环，取样容积位于MCA起始段1/3处
速度标尺	收缩期峰值流速至少占Y轴的75%

表1 UA、UtA和MCA多普勒检测质控要点^[11-12]

质控点	质控内容
放大程度	感兴趣区域占屏幕的50%以上，缩放框和取样容积位于血管中心
声束角度	声束与血流方向的夹角＜30°（测量大脑中动脉时应＜15°）
扫描速度	3~6个一致、相似、平稳的波形
图像清晰度	脉冲频率和彩色增益调节适当
取样位置	（1）脐动脉：脐带游离段（单胎）（2）子宫动脉：早孕期为子宫动脉分支分出弓状动脉之前的部位；中晚孕期为子宫动脉与髂外动脉交叉点下游（上方）约1 cm 处（3）大脑中动脉：显示Willis环，取样容积位于MCA起始段1/3处
速度标尺	收缩期峰值流速至少占Y轴的75%

表2 单胎妊娠UA多普勒指标超声参考值^[15]

孕周	S/D					阻力指数（RI）					搏动指数（PI）
孕周	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th
24	2.46	2.61	3.23	4.12	4.46	0.60	0.62	0.69	0.76	0.78	0.86	0.91	1.10	1.31	1.38
25	2.39	2.53	3.15	4.03	4.38	0.58	0.61	0.68	0.75	0.77	0.84	0.89	1.08	1.30	1.37
26	2.32	2.46	3.07	3.95	4.29	0.57	0.60	0.67	0.75	0.77	0.81	0.87	1.07	1.29	1.35
27	2.26	2.40	3.00	3.86	4.19	0.56	0.59	0.67	0.74	0.76	0.79	0.85	1.05	1.27	1.34
28	2.22	2.35	2.93	3.77	4.09	0.55	0.58	0.66	0.74	0.76	0.78	0.83	1.03	1.25	1.32
29	2.17	2.31	2.87	3.68	3.99	0.55	0.57	0.65	0.73	0.75	0.76	0.81	1.01	1.23	1.30
30	2.14	2.26	2.81	3.58	3.89	0.54	0.56	0.64	0.72	0.75	0.75	0.80	1.00	1.21	1.28
31	2.10	2.22	2.74	3.49	3.78	0.53	0.55	0.63	0.72	0.74	0.73	0.78	0.98	1.19	1.26
32	2.07	2.19	2.68	3.40	3.67	0.52	0.54	0.63	0.71	0.73	0.72	0.77	0.96	1.17	1.24
33	2.04	2.15	2.62	3.30	3.57	0.51	0.53	0.62	0.70	0.72	0.70	0.75	0.94	1.15	1.21
34	2.01	2.11	2.56	3.21	3.46	0.50	0.52	0.61	0.69	0.71	0.69	0.74	0.92	1.13	1.19
35	1.97	2.08	2.50	3.12	3.35	0.49	0.52	0.60	0.68	0.70	0.67	0.72	0.90	1.10	1.16
36	1.94	2.04	2.44	3.02	3.24	0.48	0.51	0.59	0.67	0.69	0.66	0.70	0.88	1.08	1.14
37	1.91	2.00	2.38	2.93	3.14	0.47	0.50	0.58	0.66	0.68	0.64	0.69	0.86	1.05	1.11
38	1.87	1.96	2.32	2.83	3.03	0.46	0.49	0.57	0.65	0.67	0.62	0.67	0.84	1.03	1.08
39	1.84	1.92	2.25	2.73	2.92	0.45	0.48	0.56	0.64	0.66	0.60	0.65	0.82	1.00	1.06
40	1.80	1.87	2.19	2.64	2.81	0.44	0.46	0.55	0.63	0.65	0.59	0.63	0.79	0.97	1.03

表2 单胎妊娠UA多普勒指标超声参考值^[15]

孕周	S/D					阻力指数（RI）					搏动指数（PI）
孕周	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th
24	2.46	2.61	3.23	4.12	4.46	0.60	0.62	0.69	0.76	0.78	0.86	0.91	1.10	1.31	1.38
25	2.39	2.53	3.15	4.03	4.38	0.58	0.61	0.68	0.75	0.77	0.84	0.89	1.08	1.30	1.37
26	2.32	2.46	3.07	3.95	4.29	0.57	0.60	0.67	0.75	0.77	0.81	0.87	1.07	1.29	1.35
27	2.26	2.40	3.00	3.86	4.19	0.56	0.59	0.67	0.74	0.76	0.79	0.85	1.05	1.27	1.34
28	2.22	2.35	2.93	3.77	4.09	0.55	0.58	0.66	0.74	0.76	0.78	0.83	1.03	1.25	1.32
29	2.17	2.31	2.87	3.68	3.99	0.55	0.57	0.65	0.73	0.75	0.76	0.81	1.01	1.23	1.30
30	2.14	2.26	2.81	3.58	3.89	0.54	0.56	0.64	0.72	0.75	0.75	0.80	1.00	1.21	1.28
31	2.10	2.22	2.74	3.49	3.78	0.53	0.55	0.63	0.72	0.74	0.73	0.78	0.98	1.19	1.26
32	2.07	2.19	2.68	3.40	3.67	0.52	0.54	0.63	0.71	0.73	0.72	0.77	0.96	1.17	1.24
33	2.04	2.15	2.62	3.30	3.57	0.51	0.53	0.62	0.70	0.72	0.70	0.75	0.94	1.15	1.21
34	2.01	2.11	2.56	3.21	3.46	0.50	0.52	0.61	0.69	0.71	0.69	0.74	0.92	1.13	1.19
35	1.97	2.08	2.50	3.12	3.35	0.49	0.52	0.60	0.68	0.70	0.67	0.72	0.90	1.10	1.16
36	1.94	2.04	2.44	3.02	3.24	0.48	0.51	0.59	0.67	0.69	0.66	0.70	0.88	1.08	1.14
37	1.91	2.00	2.38	2.93	3.14	0.47	0.50	0.58	0.66	0.68	0.64	0.69	0.86	1.05	1.11
38	1.87	1.96	2.32	2.83	3.03	0.46	0.49	0.57	0.65	0.67	0.62	0.67	0.84	1.03	1.08
39	1.84	1.92	2.25	2.73	2.92	0.45	0.48	0.56	0.64	0.66	0.60	0.65	0.82	1.00	1.06
40	1.80	1.87	2.19	2.64	2.81	0.44	0.46	0.55	0.63	0.65	0.59	0.63	0.79	0.97	1.03

表3 单胎妊娠UtA多普勒超声参考值（PI，左右侧平均值）^[23]

孕周	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	正常妊娠中“切迹”出现的比例
11	1.18	1.67	1.79	1.92	2.70	46%
12	1.11	1.57	1.68	1.81	2.53	46%
13	1.05	1.48	1.58	1.70	2.38	46%
14	0.99	1.40	1.49	1.61	2.24	46%
15	0.94	1.32	1.41	1.52	2.11	17%
16	0.89	1.25	1.33	1.44	1.99	17%
17	0.85	1.19	1.27	1.36	1.88	17%
18	0.81	1.13	1.2	1.30	1.79	17%
19	0.78	1.08	1.15	1.24	1.7	17%
20	0.74	1.03	1.1	1.18	1.61	17%
21	0.71	0.99	1.05	1.13	1.54	17%
22	0.69	0.95	1.00	1.08	1.47	17%
23	0.66	0.91	0.96	1.04	1.41	17%
24	0.64	0.88	0.93	1.00	1.35	17%
25	0.62	0.85	0.89	0.96	1.30	5%
26	0.60	0.82	0.86	0.93	1.25	5%
27	0.58	0.79	0.84	0.90	1.21	5%
28	0.56	0.77	0.81	0.87	1.17	5%
29	0.55	0.75	0.79	0.85	1.13	5%
30	0.54	0.73	0.77	0.82	1.10	5%
31	0.52	0.71	0.75	0.80	1.06	5%
32	0.51	0.69	0.73	0.78	1.04	5%
33	0.50	0.68	0.71	0.77	1.01	5%
34	0.50	0.67	0.70	0.75	0.99	5%
35	0.49	0.66	0.69	0.74	0.97	5%
36	0.48	0.65	0.68	0.73	0.95	5%
37	0.48	0.64	0.67	0.72	0.94	5%
38	0.47	0.63	0.66	0.71	0.92	5%
39	0.47	0.63	0.65	0.70	0.91	5%
40	0.47	0.62	0.65	0.70	0.90	5%
41	0.47	0.62	0.65	0.69	0.89	5%

表3 单胎妊娠UtA多普勒超声参考值（PI，左右侧平均值）^[23]

孕周	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	正常妊娠中“切迹”出现的比例
11	1.18	1.67	1.79	1.92	2.70	46%
12	1.11	1.57	1.68	1.81	2.53	46%
13	1.05	1.48	1.58	1.70	2.38	46%
14	0.99	1.40	1.49	1.61	2.24	46%
15	0.94	1.32	1.41	1.52	2.11	17%
16	0.89	1.25	1.33	1.44	1.99	17%
17	0.85	1.19	1.27	1.36	1.88	17%
18	0.81	1.13	1.2	1.30	1.79	17%
19	0.78	1.08	1.15	1.24	1.7	17%
20	0.74	1.03	1.1	1.18	1.61	17%
21	0.71	0.99	1.05	1.13	1.54	17%
22	0.69	0.95	1.00	1.08	1.47	17%
23	0.66	0.91	0.96	1.04	1.41	17%
24	0.64	0.88	0.93	1.00	1.35	17%
25	0.62	0.85	0.89	0.96	1.30	5%
26	0.60	0.82	0.86	0.93	1.25	5%
27	0.58	0.79	0.84	0.90	1.21	5%
28	0.56	0.77	0.81	0.87	1.17	5%
29	0.55	0.75	0.79	0.85	1.13	5%
30	0.54	0.73	0.77	0.82	1.10	5%
31	0.52	0.71	0.75	0.80	1.06	5%
32	0.51	0.69	0.73	0.78	1.04	5%
33	0.50	0.68	0.71	0.77	1.01	5%
34	0.50	0.67	0.70	0.75	0.99	5%
35	0.49	0.66	0.69	0.74	0.97	5%
36	0.48	0.65	0.68	0.73	0.95	5%
37	0.48	0.64	0.67	0.72	0.94	5%
38	0.47	0.63	0.66	0.71	0.92	5%
39	0.47	0.63	0.65	0.70	0.91	5%
40	0.47	0.62	0.65	0.70	0.90	5%
41	0.47	0.62	0.65	0.69	0.89	5%

表4 单胎妊娠MCA多普勒超声参考值^[29]

孕周	收缩期峰值流速（PSV，cm/s）					搏动指数（PI）					脑胎盘比（CPR）
孕周	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th
19	15.9	16.9	21.2	26.5	28.1	1.05	1.12	1.43	1.83	1.96	0.74	0.83	1.20	1.69	1.85
20	17.0	18.1	22.6	28.1	29.9	1.11	1.19	1.52	1.94	2.08	0.82	0.91	1.30	1.81	1.98
21	18.1	19.3	24.1	29.9	31.8	1.18	1.26	1.60	2.04	2.19	0.90	1.00	1.41	1.94	2.11
22	19.4	20.6	25.7	31.8	33.8	1.25	1.33	1.69	2.15	2.30	0.98	1.09	1.52	2.07	2.25
23	20.7	22.1	27.4	33.9	36.0	1.32	1.41	1.78	2.25	2.41	1.07	1.18	1.63	2.20	2.39
24	22.2	23.6	29.3	36.1	38.3	1.38	1.47	1.86	2.35	2.52	1.16	1.27	1.74	2.33	2.52
25	23.7	25.2	31.2	38.5	40.8	1.44	1.54	1.94	2.45	2.62	1.24	1.36	1.85	2.46	2.65
26	25.2	26.8	33.2	41.0	43.4	1.50	1.60	2.01	2.53	2.71	1.32	1.45	1.95	2.58	2.78
27	26.8	28.5	35.3	43.6	46.2	1.55	1.65	2.06	2.60	2.78	1.40	1.53	2.05	2.69	2.9
28	28.5	30.3	37.5	46.3	49.1	1.58	1.69	2.11	2.66	2.84	1.47	1.60	2.14	2.79	3.00
29	30.1	32.0	39.7	49.1	52.0	1.61	1.71	2.15	2.70	2.88	1.53	1.67	2.21	2.88	3.09
30	31.7	33.8	42.0	51.9	55.1	1.62	1.73	2.16	2.72	2.90	1.58	1.72	2.28	2.95	3.17
31	33.3	35.5	44.2	54.8	58.2	1.62	1.73	2.16	2.71	2.90	1.62	1.76	2.32	3.01	3.23
32	34.7	37.0	46.3	57.7	61.3	1.61	1.71	2.14	2.69	2.87	1.64	1.78	2.35	3.05	3.27
33	36.0	38.5	48.4	60.5	64.4	1.58	1.68	2.10	2.64	2.82	1.65	1.79	2.36	3.07	3.29
34	37.2	39.8	50.3	63.2	67.4	1.53	1.63	2.04	2.57	2.74	1.63	1.78	2.35	3.06	3.29
35	38.1	40.8	52.0	65.8	70.3	1.47	1.56	1.96	2.47	2.64	1.6	1.74	2.32	3.03	3.26
36	38.7	41.6	53.4	68.2	73.0	1.39	1.48	1.86	2.36	2.52	1.55	1.69	2.27	2.97	3.2
37	39.0	42.0	54.6	70.3	75.5	1.3	1.39	1.75	2.22	2.38	1.48	1.62	2.19	2.89	3.12
38	38.9	42.1	55.3	72.1	77.6	1.2	1.29	1.63	2.07	2.22	1.40	1.53	2.09	2.79	3.01
39	38.5	41.8	55.7	73.5	79.4	1.1	1.18	1.49	1.91	2.05	1.29	1.43	1.97	2.66	2.88

表4 单胎妊娠MCA多普勒超声参考值^[29]

孕周	收缩期峰值流速（PSV，cm/s）					搏动指数（PI）					脑胎盘比（CPR）
孕周	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th	5^th	10^th	50^th	90^th	95^th
19	15.9	16.9	21.2	26.5	28.1	1.05	1.12	1.43	1.83	1.96	0.74	0.83	1.20	1.69	1.85
20	17.0	18.1	22.6	28.1	29.9	1.11	1.19	1.52	1.94	2.08	0.82	0.91	1.30	1.81	1.98
21	18.1	19.3	24.1	29.9	31.8	1.18	1.26	1.60	2.04	2.19	0.90	1.00	1.41	1.94	2.11
22	19.4	20.6	25.7	31.8	33.8	1.25	1.33	1.69	2.15	2.30	0.98	1.09	1.52	2.07	2.25
23	20.7	22.1	27.4	33.9	36.0	1.32	1.41	1.78	2.25	2.41	1.07	1.18	1.63	2.20	2.39
24	22.2	23.6	29.3	36.1	38.3	1.38	1.47	1.86	2.35	2.52	1.16	1.27	1.74	2.33	2.52
25	23.7	25.2	31.2	38.5	40.8	1.44	1.54	1.94	2.45	2.62	1.24	1.36	1.85	2.46	2.65
26	25.2	26.8	33.2	41.0	43.4	1.50	1.60	2.01	2.53	2.71	1.32	1.45	1.95	2.58	2.78
27	26.8	28.5	35.3	43.6	46.2	1.55	1.65	2.06	2.60	2.78	1.40	1.53	2.05	2.69	2.9
28	28.5	30.3	37.5	46.3	49.1	1.58	1.69	2.11	2.66	2.84	1.47	1.60	2.14	2.79	3.00
29	30.1	32.0	39.7	49.1	52.0	1.61	1.71	2.15	2.70	2.88	1.53	1.67	2.21	2.88	3.09
30	31.7	33.8	42.0	51.9	55.1	1.62	1.73	2.16	2.72	2.90	1.58	1.72	2.28	2.95	3.17
31	33.3	35.5	44.2	54.8	58.2	1.62	1.73	2.16	2.71	2.90	1.62	1.76	2.32	3.01	3.23
32	34.7	37.0	46.3	57.7	61.3	1.61	1.71	2.14	2.69	2.87	1.64	1.78	2.35	3.05	3.27
33	36.0	38.5	48.4	60.5	64.4	1.58	1.68	2.10	2.64	2.82	1.65	1.79	2.36	3.07	3.29
34	37.2	39.8	50.3	63.2	67.4	1.53	1.63	2.04	2.57	2.74	1.63	1.78	2.35	3.06	3.29
35	38.1	40.8	52.0	65.8	70.3	1.47	1.56	1.96	2.47	2.64	1.6	1.74	2.32	3.03	3.26
36	38.7	41.6	53.4	68.2	73.0	1.39	1.48	1.86	2.36	2.52	1.55	1.69	2.27	2.97	3.2
37	39.0	42.0	54.6	70.3	75.5	1.3	1.39	1.75	2.22	2.38	1.48	1.62	2.19	2.89	3.12
38	38.9	42.1	55.3	72.1	77.6	1.2	1.29	1.63	2.07	2.22	1.40	1.53	2.09	2.79	3.01
39	38.5	41.8	55.7	73.5	79.4	1.1	1.18	1.49	1.91	2.05	1.29	1.43	1.97	2.66	2.88

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