2023 , Vol. 20 >Issue 04: 411 - 416
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.04.006
原发性非黏液性心脏肿瘤的超声心动图表现及临床特点分析
Copy editor: 汪荣
收稿日期: 2021-10-06
网络出版日期: 2023-08-07
基金资助
武汉市卫生健康委科研项目(WX20DO7)
版权
Echocardiographic and clinical characteristics of primary non-mucinous cardiac tumors
Received date: 2021-10-06
Online published: 2023-08-07
Copyright
分析原发性非黏液性心脏肿瘤(PNCT)的临床、病理及超声心动图特点。
选取2005年1月至2021年6月在武汉亚洲心脏病医院心外科住院治疗的51例PNCT患者,所有患者均经术后病理结果证实。其中良性肿瘤35例,恶性肿瘤16例。对患者的临床表现、良性与恶性PNCT的超声心动图特征及手术病理资料做回顾性分析。
51例PNCT患者临床表现主要为胸闷气短23例,胸痛5例,呼吸困难8例,无明显临床症状16例;28例患者有不同程度的心律失常。51例患者,良性肿瘤(68.6%,35/51)比例高于恶性肿瘤(31.4%,16/51),良性PNCT患者中血管瘤(22.8%,8/35)、纤维瘤(17.1%,6/35)、脂肪瘤(17.1%,6/35)最常见,恶性肿瘤中肉瘤(62.5%,10/16)最多见,其次为淋巴瘤(37.5%,6/16)。在恶性肿瘤患者中,右心系统的发病比例最高为75.0%,与左心系统(12.5%)和心包(12.5%)发病比例相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);良性PNCT患者中各部位发病比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。良性与恶性PNCT的超声心动图特点比较,肿瘤形态、基底宽度、周围组织侵犯及心包积液比较差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05),内部回声、活动度大小、是否有瘤蒂及心腔内是否存在梗阻比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。19例行心肌声学造影的患者中,心包囊肿、血囊肿为无强化,纤维瘤、横纹肌瘤及脂肪瘤为轻度强化,肉瘤及淋巴瘤表现为均匀或不均匀明显强化。
PNCT良性居多,恶性肿瘤以右心系统多见,临床表现缺乏特异性;超声心动图结合心肌声学造影可对肿瘤良恶性进行鉴别,肿瘤发病率、发生部位及超声心动图特点有助于肿瘤定性诊断。
何俊 , 马小静 , 夏娟 , 何亚峰 , 谢姝瑞 . 原发性非黏液性心脏肿瘤的超声心动图表现及临床特点分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023 , 20(04) : 411 -416 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.04.006
To explore the clinical, pathological, and echocardiographic features of primary non-mucinous cardiac tumors (PNCTs).
The clinical manifestations, echocardiographic features, and surgical pathological data of 51 patients with PNCTs confirmed at Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital from January 2005 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to pathological results, there were 35 cases of benign tumors and 16 cases of malignant tumors.
The clinical manifestations of 51 patients with PNCT were mainly chest tightness and shortness of breath in 23 cases, chest pain in 5, dyspnea in 8, syncope in 6, lower limb edema in 4, and no obvious clinical symptoms in 16 cases; 28 patients had different degrees of arrhythmia. Among the 51 patients included, the proportion of benign tumors (68.6%, 35/51) was higher than that of malignant tumors (31.4%, 16/51). Hemangioma (22.8%, 8/35), fibroma (17.1%, 6/35), and lipoma (17.1%, 6/35) were the most common in benign PNCT patients, while sarcoma (62.5%, 10/16) was the most common in malignant tumors, followed by lymphoma (37.5%, 6/16). Among the patients with malignant tumors, the right cardiac system had the highest incidence rate at 75.0%, which was statistically higher compared with the incidence rate in the left cardiac system (12.5%) and pericardium (12.5%) (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of benign PNCT patients among different sites (P>0.05). The echocardiographic characteristics of benign and malignant PNCTs were significantly different with regard to tumor shape, basal width, surrounding tissue invasion, and pericardial effusion (P<0.05). Myocardial contrast echocardiography was assessed for 19 patients; pericardial cyst and blood cyst showed no enhancement, fibroma, rhabdomyoma, and lipoma showed mild enhancement, and sarcoma and lymphoma showed uniform or uneven enhancement.
PNCTs are mostly benign, malignant tumors more commonly occur in the right cardiac system, and the clinical manifestations are lack of specificity. Echocardiography and myocardial contrast echocardiography can differentiate malignant and benign tumors. The incidence rate, location, and echocardiographic characteristics of tumors are helpful to the qualitative diagnosis of PNCTs.
表1 原发性非黏液性心脏肿瘤的分布情况 |
病理类型 | 例数 | 男/女(例) | 累及部位及数量(例) |
---|---|---|---|
良性肿瘤 | 35 | 12/23 | |
乳头状弹力纤维瘤 | 4 | 0/4 | AV(2),MV(2) |
纤维瘤 | 6 | 2/4 | LV(4),RV(1),LA(1) |
脂肪瘤 | 6 | 3/3 | LV(2),RV(2),RA(1),PE(1) |
血管瘤 | 8 | 2/6 | RV(3),RA(2),IAS(1),LA(1)PE(1) |
横纹肌瘤 | 2 | 1/1 | LV(1),RV(1) |
血性囊肿 | 2 | 2/0 | MV(1),TV(1) |
炎性肉芽肿 | 2 | 0/2 | RV(1),MV(1) |
肌纤维母细胞瘤 | 1 | 0/1 | RA(1) |
心包囊肿 | 3 | 1/2 | PE(3) |
错构瘤 | 1 | 1/0 | RV(1) |
恶性肿瘤 | 16 | 8/8 | |
淋巴瘤 | 6 | 3/3 | RA(6) |
血管肉瘤 | 3 | 3/0 | RA(2),RV-PA(1) |
横纹肌肉瘤 | 4 | 1/3 | RA(2),RV(1),RA-LA(1) |
黏液肉瘤 | 1 | 0/1 | MV(1) |
心包肉瘤 | 2 | 1/1 | PE(2) |
注:LA为左心房;LV为左心室;MV为二尖瓣;RA为右心房;RV为右心室;TV为三尖瓣;IAS为房间隔;PA为肺动脉;PE为心包 |
表2 良性与恶性PNCT的超声心动图特点比较[例(%)] |
组别 | 例数 | 形态 | 回声 | 心包积液 | 周围组织侵犯 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
规则 | 不规则 | 均匀 | 不均匀 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | ||
良性组 | 35 | 26(74.3) | 9(25.7) | 24(68.6) | 11(31.4) | 2(5.7) | 33(94.3) | 3(8.6) | 32(91.4) |
恶性组 | 16 | 2(12.5) | 14(87.5) | 7(43.8) | 9(56.2) | 11(68.8) | 5(31.3) | 11(68.8) | 5(31.3) |
χ2值 | 16.930 | 2.838 | 19.773 | 17.06 | |||||
P值 | <0.05 | >0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | |||||
组别 | 例数 | 活动度 | 基底 | 瘤蒂 | 心腔梗阻 | ||||
大 | 小或无 | 窄 | 宽 | 有 | 无 | 有 | 无 | ||
良性组 | 35 | 16(53.3) | 14(36.7) | 19(63.3) | 11(36.7) | 16(53.3) | 14(46.7) | 7(23.3) | 23(76.7) |
恶性组 | 16 | 4(28.6) | 10(71.4) | 4(28.6) | 10(71.4) | 5(35.7) | 9(64.3) | 8(57.1) | 6(42.9) |
χ2值 | 2.361 | 4.623 | 1.188 | 3.468 | |||||
P值 | >0.05 | <0.05 | >0.05 | >0.05 |
注:PNCT为原发性非黏液性心脏肿瘤 |
图2 患者,男性,36岁,二尖瓣血囊肿超声心动图、心肌声学造影及病理图像。图a为心尖三腔心切面显示二尖瓣前瓣尖囊性肿物,呈花瓣形;图b为心肌声学造影显示二尖瓣肿物表现为无强化;图c为手术切除的二尖瓣囊性肿物及二尖瓣瓣叶组织 |
图3 患者,女性,49岁,左心室纤维瘤超声心动图、心肌声学造影及病理图像。图a为心尖四腔心切面显示左心室侧壁心尖处实性回声团块凸向心包腔;图b为心肌声学造影显示肿瘤组织造影剂轻度增强,充盈强度稍低于心肌组织;图c为手术完整切除肿块呈白色、质韧;图d为肿块镜检主要成分为束状排列的胶原纤维,胶原纤维间见平行排列的梭形细胞(HE ×100) |
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