2023 , Vol. 20 >Issue 05: 492 - 497
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.05.005
超声多普勒评估在双胎输血综合征射频消融减胎术后的应用价值
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2022-06-21
网络出版日期: 2023-10-06
基金资助
重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2021MSXM129)
版权
Application value of ultrasound Doppler after radiofrequency ablation and fetal reduction for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Received date: 2022-06-21
Online published: 2023-10-06
Copyright
探讨超声多普勒在双胎输血综合征(TTTS)胎儿射频消融减胎术(RFA)后治疗效果评估中的应用价值。
回顾性纳入2020年8月至2022年2月在重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院进行宫内RFA治疗的单绒毛膜双胎病例25例。根据保留胎为受血胎儿或供血胎儿,分为受血胎组(13例)和供血胎组(12例)。术前及术后1、2、7 d对保留胎儿实行序贯超声多普勒评估,评估血管包括脐动脉、大脑中动脉(MCA)、静脉导管、脐静脉。采用单因素重复测量资料方差分析比较每组胎儿术前与术后1、2、7 d脐动脉、MCA各参数的差异,进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni法;采用Fisher精确概率法比较不同时间点静脉导管a波异常比例的差异和组间保留胎儿存活率的差异;同时对所有胎儿临床结局进行随访。
所有TTTS病例中Quintero Ⅳ期5例,Ⅲ期12例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅰ期2例,其中合并选择性胎儿生长受限7例,双胎贫血-多血序列征3例,双胎之一结构畸形1例。超声多普勒评估:(1)脐动脉:2组胎儿脐动脉收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期流速(S/D)、脐动脉搏动指数(PI)术前与术后不同时间点差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05),其中与术后1 d比较,受血胎组术前脐动脉S/D(4.49±1.35 vs 3.88±1.13)、脐动脉PI(1.45±0.30 vs 1.31±0.25),供血胎组脐动脉PI(1.58±0.38 vs 1.27±0.20)均明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.004、0.010、0.003);(2)MCA:2组胎儿MCA收缩期峰值流速、MCA-PI、脑-胎盘血流比率术前与术后不同时间点差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);(3)静脉导管:受血胎组术前静脉导管a波异常比例为38.5%(5/13),供血胎组术前异常比例为8.3%(1/12),2组胎儿术前与术后不同时间点差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。共20例保留胎儿存活,总存活率为80.0%(20/25),供血胎组与受血胎组存活率比较[75.0%(9/12)vs 84.6%(11/13)],差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
TTTS胎儿多存在血流动力学异常,运用超声多普勒可直观判断胎儿术前是否存在贫血及心功能异常等,同时可动态评估术后保留胎儿全身血液循环状态,对RFA治疗效果评估具有重要价值。
涂鹏 , 张晓航 , 董虹美 , 陈功立 , 冉素真 . 超声多普勒评估在双胎输血综合征射频消融减胎术后的应用价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023 , 20(05) : 492 -497 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.05.005
To assess the application value of ultrasonic Doppler in evaluating the therapeutic effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and fetal reduction for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).
Twenty-five monochorionic twins who underwent RFA at our hospital from August 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively selected. Ultrasonographic Doppler measurements of the umbilical artery (UA), ductus venosus (DV), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and umbilical vein were performed before surgery and 1, 2, and 7 days after surgery. The retained fetuses were divided into the recipient group (13 cases) and the donor group (12 cases), and the differences in the parameters among the groups of fetuses before and at 1, 2, and 7 days after RFA were compared by repetitive measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by pairwise comparison using the Bonferroni method. The Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the difference in the proportion of abnormal DV and the difference of preserved fetal survival between groups. All postoperative fetal clinical outcomes were followed up.
Among all the TTTS cases included, 5 were Quintero stage Ⅳ, 12 stage Ⅲ, 6 stage Ⅱ, and 2 stage Ⅰ; 7 were complicated with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), 3 were twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS), and 1 was structural malformation in one twin. Doppler evaluations showed that: (1) UA: the differences of peak systolic velocity/peak diastolic velocity (S/D) and pulsatility index (PI) were statistically significant at different time points before and after surgery (P<0.05 for all). Compared with the values at 1 day postoperatively, preoperative S/D (4.49±1.35 vs 3.88±1.13) and PI (1.45±0.30 vs 1.31±0.25) of the recipident group, and PI (1.58±0.38 vs 1.27±0.20) of the donor group showed significant differences (P=0.004, 0.010, and 0.003, respectively); (2) MCA: there were significant differences in fetal PSV, PI and cerebroplacental ratio before and after surgery between the two groups (P<0.05 for all); (3) DV: the proportion of cases with DV abnormality before surgery was 38.5% (5/13) in the recipient group and 8.3% (1/12) in the donor group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups at different time points before and after surgery (P>0.05 for both). A total of 20 preserved fetuses survived, and the overall survival rate was 80.0% (20/25). There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the donor and recipient groups [75% (9/12) vs 84.6% (11/13), P>0.05].
Most TTTS fetuses have abnormal hemodynamics. The application of ultrasound Doppler can dynamically evaluate the status of the retained fetuses' systemic blood circulation and intuitively judge whether the fetuses have anemia and abnormal cardiac function, which is of great value in the postoperative evaluation of the therapeutic effects of RFA.
表1 双胎输血综合征病例一般临床资料( |
组别 | 例数 | 年龄(岁) | 首诊孕周(周) | 手术孕周(周) | 分娩孕周(周) | 新生儿体质量(g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
受血胎组 | 13 | 26.3±3.6 | 19.3±2.6 | 20.4±2.1 | 33.7±3.6 | 2076.9±592.5 |
供血胎组 | 12 | 25.2±2.3 | 21.2±2.9 | 22.1±3.1 | 35.5±3.3 | 2334.6±601.5 |
图1 双胎输血综合征病例(孕21周1 d)射频消融减胎术前超声多普勒异常表现。图a:受血儿脐动脉收缩期峰值流速/舒张期峰值流速值约为5.54(95th为4.61)、脐动脉搏动指数约1.65(95th为1.39),均增高;图b:供血儿大脑中动脉收缩期峰值流速增高(约44.67 cm/s,>1.5 MoM值);图c:受血儿静脉导管a波减低,搏动指数在正常范围(约0.94) |
表2 2组胎儿的脐动脉、MCA及静脉导管相关参数术前与术后情况比较 |
参数 | 术前 | 术后1 d | 术后2 d | 术后7 d | 统计值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
受血胎组(n=13) | ||||||
脐动脉S/D( ±s) | 4.49±1.35 | 3.88±1.13a | 3.44±0.32 | 3.36±0.38 | F=6.83 | 0.001 |
脐动脉PI( ±s) | 1.45±0.30 | 1.31±0.25a | 1.26±0.17 | 1.18±0.14 | F=6.01 | 0.002 |
MCA-PSV(cm/s, ±s) | 25.85±8.18 | 28.95±6.33 | 27.29±7.06 | 31.86±10.74 | F=4.66 | 0.007 |
MCA-PI( ±s) | 1.46±0.40 | 1.47±0.25 | 1.58±0.36 | 1.72±0.35 | F=7.40 | 0.001 |
CPR( ±s) | 1.07±0.45 | 1.14±0.21 | 1.26±0.29 | 1.47±0.43a | F=15.33 | 0.001 |
MCA-PSV异常[例(%)] | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 3(23.1) | - | 0.052 |
CPR异常[例(%)] | 8(61.5) | 2(15.4) | 1(7.6) | 1(7.6) | - | 0.001 |
静脉导管a波异常[例(%)] | 5(38.5) | 4(30.8) | 1(7.6) | 0(0) | - | 0.059 |
供血胎组(n=12) | ||||||
脐动脉S/D( ±s) | 4.68±1.59 | 3.66±0.74 | 3.83±0.60 | 3.33±0.43 | F=4.83 | 0.007 |
脐动脉PI( ±s) | 1.58±0.38 | 1.27±0.20a | 1.27±0.11 | 1.14±0.10a | F=18.02 | 0.001 |
MCA-PSV(cm/s, ±s) | 41.36±9.69 | 34.23±10.82a | 33.49±9.42 | 32.05±8.52 | F=12.10 | 0.001 |
MCA-PI( ±s) | 1.71±0.24 | 1.53±0.24 | 1.48±0.14 | 1.44±0.12 | F=6.68 | 0.001 |
CPR( ±s) | 1.07±0.18 | 1.21±0.20 | 1.18±0.15 | 1.24±0.07 | F=3.92 | 0.017 |
MCA-PSV异常[例(%)] | 6(50.0) | 3(25.0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | - | 0.003 |
CPR异常[例(%)] | 8(66.7) | 1(8.3) | 0(0) | 0(0) | - | 0.001 |
静脉导管a波异常[例(%)] | 1(8.3) | 1(8.3) | 1(8.3) | 0(0) | - | 0.791 |
注:MCA为大脑中动脉,CPR为脑-胎盘比率,S/D为收缩期峰值流速/舒张期峰值流速,PI为搏动指数,PSV为收缩期峰值流速;-表示无相应统计值;a表示与前一次数据比较,差异具有统计学意义(受血胎组:脐动脉S/D:P=0.004;脐动脉PI:P=0.010;CPR:P=0.001。供血胎组:脐动脉PI:术后1 d与术前比较,P=0.003,术后7 d与术后2 d比较,P=0.013;MCA-PSV:P=0.022) |
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