2023 , Vol. 20 >Issue 06: 575 - 580
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.06.001
左心室压力-应变环对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者心肌功能的评价
Copy editor: 汪荣
收稿日期: 2022-03-22
网络出版日期: 2023-10-31
版权
Assessment of myocardial function in patients with obstructive sleeping apnea syndrome by left ventricular pressure-strain loop
Received date: 2022-03-22
Online published: 2023-10-31
Copyright
应用左心室压力-应变环(PSL)评价阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者心肌功能,探讨OSAS患者早期心功能改变及其与疾病严重程度的关系。
纳入2021年2月至2021年7月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院确诊的OSAS患者107例,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)将其分为轻度组(5≤AHI<15)32例、中度组(15≤AHI<30)34例及重度组(AHI≥30)41例。另选取24例健康受试者作为对照组。通过二维斑点追踪超声心动图(STE)分析比较各组受试者左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)。应用左心室PSL评价心肌整体做功指数(GWI)、整体有效做功(GCW)、整体无效做功(GWW)及整体做功效率(GWE),并进行组间比较。此外,对心肌做功参数与AHI的相关性及AHI的独立相关因素进行分析。
OSAS患者中,中度组GLS、GWI较对照组减低(P<0.05);重度组GLS、GWI及GCW较对照组、轻度及中度组减低(P<0.01),GWE较对照组及轻度组减低(P<0.05);OSAS患者GLS与AHI呈负相关(r=-0.458,P<0.001),GWI、GCW、GWE与AHI均呈负相关(r=-0.482、-0.374、-0.272,P均<0.01);多因素回归分析显示,AHI与GWI(β=-0.206,P<0.05)、体质量指数(β=0.185,P<0.05)及最低血氧饱和度(β=-0.473,P<0.001)独立相关。
中重度OSAS患者心肌功能减低,GLS与GWI均为评价其心肌功能变化的敏感参数,心肌功能与疾病严重程度呈负相关,GWI与AHI独立相关。
关键词: 超声心动描记术; 压力-应变环; 左心室; 心肌功能; 阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征
金姗 , 丁雪晏 , 蔡绮哲 , 李一丹 , 赵智玲 , 郭兮恒 , 吕秀章 . 左心室压力-应变环对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者心肌功能的评价[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023 , 20(06) : 575 -580 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.06.001
To evaluate global myocardial function in patients with obstructive sleeping apnea syndrome (OSAS) by left ventricular pressure-strain loop (PSL) noninvasively and investigate the correlation between myocardial function and the severity of the disease.
One hundred and seven patients with OSAS at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from February 2021 to July 2021 were included. According to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the patients were divided into mild group (5≤AHI<15, n=32), moderate group (15≤AHI<30, n=34), and severe group (AHI≥30, n=41). Twenty-four healthy subjects were selected as a control group. The global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the left ventricle was measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and was compared among the groups. Left ventricular PSL was used to assess global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global waste work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE), and comparisons were made among groups. In addition, correlation between myocardial work parameters and AHI was analyzed and independent predictors of AHI were identified.
Compared with the control group, GLS and GWI were decreased in the moderate group (P<0.05). GLS, GWI, and GCW were decreased in the severe group compared with those in the control group, mild group, and moderate group (P<0.01). GWE was reduced in the severe group compared with that in the control group and mild group (P<0.05). GLS was negatively correlated with AHI (r=-0.458, P<0.001), and GWI, GCW, and GWE were negatively correlated with AHI in OSAS patients (r=-0.482, -0.374, and -0.272, respectively; P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that AHI was independently associated with GWI (β=-0.206, P<0.05), body mass index (BMI) (β=0.185, P<0.05), and lowest arterial oxygen saturation (LSaO2) (β=-0.473, P<0.001).
Myocardial function is impaired in patients with moderate and severe OSAS. Myocardial function can be sensitively evaluated by GWI and GLS and is negatively correlated with the severity of OSAS. GWI is independently associated with AHI.
表1 不同程度OSAS组及对照组一般临床资料比较( |
组别 | 例数 | 男[例(%)] | 年龄(岁) | BMI(kg/m2) | 心率(次/分) | 收缩压(mmHg) | 舒张压(mmHg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 | 24 | 18(75.0) | 44.8±11.6 | 24.1±2.4 | 73.5±10.6 | 124.0±8.4 | 73.1±5.9 |
轻度组 | 32 | 21(65.6) | 41.7±11.4 | 24.5±3.2 | 74.4±8.3 | 124.0±11.5 | 76.9±7.8 |
中度组 | 34 | 28(82.4) | 42.3±10.4 | 26.0±3.1ab | 73.1±9.6 | 124.9±7.8 | 75.3±6.8 |
重度组 | 41 | 36(87.8) | 42.3±7.7 | 27.4±2.9abc | 76.1±10.7 | 126.1±8.9 | 78.4±9.2 |
统计值 | χ2=5.743 | F=0.477 | F=8.188 | F=0.641 | F=0.383 | F=2.638 | |
P值 | 0.125 | 0.699 | <0.001 | 0.590 | 0.765 | 0.052 | |
组别 | 例数 | 吸烟[例(%)] | AHI(次/h) | MSaO2(%) | LSaO2(%) | ESS评分(分) | |
对照组 | 24 | 17(70.8) | - | - | - | - | |
轻度组 | 32 | 26(81.3) | 8.8±3.1 | 94.7±1.1 | 87.5±2.5 | 8.1±5.2 | |
中度组 | 34 | 22(64.7) | 22.2±4.4b | 94.3±1.9b | 82.7±5.0b | 7.0±4.7 | |
重度组 | 41 | 26(63.4) | 51.7±13.0bc | 92.3±2.9bc | 75.1±8.8bc | 9.4±4.9 | |
统计值 | χ2=3.187 | F=242.379 | F=12.889 | F=36.177 | F=2.513 | ||
P值 | 0.364 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.086 |
注:1 mmHg=0.133 kPa;OSAS为阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征;BMI为体质量指数;AHI为睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数;MSaO2为平均血氧饱和度;LSaO2为最低血氧饱和度;ESS评分为Epworth嗜睡量表评分;与对照组比较,aP<0.05;与轻度组比较,bP<0.05;与中度组比较,cP<0.05;-表示无相关数据 |
表2 不同程度OSAS组及对照组常规超声心动图参数比较( |
组别 | 例数 | LVEDd(mm) | LVEF(%) | LVMI(g/m2) | E/e' | E/A | e'(cm/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 | 24 | 46.1±3.1 | 67.0±4.0 | 79.4±10.3 | 7.4±1.6 | 1.2±0.31 | 10.4±2.1 |
轻度组 | 32 | 45.6±3.0 | 66.9±3.1 | 76.8±10.5 | 7.5±1.9 | 1.2±0.29 | 10.8±2.1 |
中度组 | 34 | 47.2±3.3 | 66.3±3.9 | 83.0±17.1 | 7.9±1.7 | 1.2±0.29 | 10.8±1.5 |
重度组 | 41 | 46.8±3.0 | 66.1±4.3 | 83.7±10.7 | 8.3±2.0 | 1.1±0.26 | 9.4±1.8abc |
F值 | 1.522 | 0.256 | 2.194 | 1.731 | 1.302 | 4.797 | |
P值 | 0.212 | 0.857 | 0.092 | 0.164 | 0.277 | 0.003 |
注:OSAS为阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征;LVEDd为左心室舒张末期内径;LVEF为左心室射血分数;LVMI为左心室质量指数;E/A为二尖瓣舒张早期与舒张晚期峰值血流速度比值;e'为组织多普勒二尖瓣环室间隔和侧壁舒张早期速度的平均值;与对照组比较,aP<0.05;与轻度组比较,bP<0.05;与中度组比较,cP<0.05 |
表3 不同程度OSAS组及对照组左心室整体机械力学及心肌做功参数比较( |
组别 | 例数 | GLS(%) | GWI(mmHg%) | GCW(mmHg%) | GWW[mmHg%,M(QR)] | GWE[%,M(QR)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 | 24 | 20.9±1.6 | 2096.1±293.7 | 2308.7±260.4 | 77.5(56.8) | 96.0(2.0) |
轻度组 | 32 | 20.4±2.0 | 2049.8±239.3 | 2260.5±227.3 | 78.0(49.5) | 96.0(3.0) |
中度组 | 34 | 19.7±2.3a | 1960.6±285.1a | 2199.8±276.7 | 78.0(78.8) | 96.0(3.0) |
重度组 | 41 | 18.2±1.8abc | 1735.9±282.2abc | 2039.8±290.1abc | 108.0(50.0) | 94.0(2.0)ab |
统计值 | F=11.178 | F=11.889 | F=6.618 | H=5.571 | H=13.663 | |
P值 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.134 | 0.003 |
注:OSAS为阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征;GLS为整体纵向应变;GWI为整体做功指数;GCW为整体有效做功;GWW为整体无效做功;GWE为整体做功效率;与对照组比较,aP<0.05;与轻度组比较,bP<0.05;与中度组比较,cP<0.05 |
表4 AHI独立相关因素的多元线性回归分析 |
因素 | 非标准化系数 | 标准化系数 | t值 | P值 | VIF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | 标准误 | Beta | ||||
(常量) | 230.127 | 66.642 | - | 3.453 | 0.001 | - |
性别 | -1.673 | 3.635 | -0.034 | -0.460 | 0.646 | 1.265 |
年龄 | 0.020 | 0.153 | 0.010 | 0.133 | 0.894 | 1.277 |
BMI | 1.160 | 0.472 | 0.185 | 2.461 | 0.016 | 1.342 |
舒张压 | 0.068 | 0.186 | 0.027 | 0.367 | 0.714 | 1.296 |
GLS | 0.129 | 0.909 | 0.014 | 0.142 | 0.887 | 2.383 |
GWI | -0.014 | 0.007 | -0.206 | -2.136 | 0.035 | 2.222 |
MSaO2 | -1.282 | 0.738 | -0.154 | -1.736 | 0.086 | 1.861 |
LSaO2 | -1.179 | 0.220 | -0.473 | -5.368 | <0.001 | 1.851 |
e' | 0.485 | 0.867 | 0.046 | 0.559 | 0.577 | 1.581 |
注:AHI为睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数;BMI为体质量指数;GLS为整体纵向应变;GWI为整体做功指数;MSaO2为平均血氧饱和度;LSaO2为最低血氧饱和度;e'为组织多普勒二尖瓣环室间隔和侧壁舒张早期速度的平均值 |
表5 观察者内及观察者间的重复性检验 |
参数 | 观察者内 | 观察者间 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ICC | 95%CI | ICC | 95%CI | |
GWE | 0.91 | 0.79~0.96 | 0.89 | 0.75~0.96 |
GWI | 0.93 | 0.83~0.97 | 0.94 | 0.80~0.98 |
GCW | 0.93 | 0.83~0.97 | 0.94 | 0.85~0.97 |
GWW | 0.91 | 0.79~0.96 | 0.89 | 0.74~0.95 |
注:GWE为整体做功效率;GWI为整体做功指数;GCW为整体有效做功;GWW为整体无效做功 |
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