2023 , Vol. 20 >Issue 09: 887 - 894
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.09.001
高帧频超声造影在评价C-TIRADS 4-5类甲状腺结节成像特征中的应用
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2023-06-20
网络出版日期: 2023-12-11
版权
Application of high-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluation of imaging features of C-TIRADS 4-5 thyroid nodules
Received date: 2023-06-20
Online published: 2023-12-11
Copyright
探索中国甲状腺超声报告与数据系统(C-TIRADS)4-5类甲状腺结节高帧频超声造影(H-CEUS)成像特征。
前瞻性纳入2022年9月至2023年5月空军军医大学第一附属医院甲状腺C-TIRADS 4-5类结节患者102例(共109个结节),进行H-CEUS及常规超声造影(C-CEUS)检查。分析造影特征:结节内有无迂曲血管、增强方向、增强均匀性、增强强度以及边界是否清晰。分析造影时间-强度曲线(TIC)参数[到达时间(AT)、达峰时间(TTP)、峰值强度(PI)、上升斜率(AS)、下降斜率(DS)]。以细针抽吸或手术病理结果为最终诊断结果,将结节分为良性结节组与恶性结节组。采用 χ2检验或Fisher确切概率检验比较2组内H-CEUS与C-CEUS特征的差异,采用非参数Mann-Whitney检验比较良、恶性结节组内C-CEUS与H-CEUS TIC参数的差异。
纳入的109个结节中,恶性结节61个,良性结节48个。在恶性结节中,H-CEUS显示78.7%(48/61)的结节增强后内部存在迂曲血管,高于C-CEUS的31.1%(19/61),在良性结节中,H-CEUS显示91.7%(44/48)的结节增强后边界清晰,高于C-CEUS的31.3%(15/48),差异均具有统计学意义( χ2=27.843、36.984,P均<0.001)。H-CEUS与C-CEUS在显示造影增强方向、增强均匀性以及增强强度方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。良、恶性结节H-CEUS TIC参数PI分别为24.18(19.09,31.20)和18.20(16.66,23.91),低于C-CEUS的35.42(25.83,39.77)和27.79(25.88,29.98),差异具有统计学意义(Z=-3.467、-3.922,P=0.001、<0.001)。恶性结节H-CEUS TIC参数DS[-0.11(-0.15,-0.09)]高于C-CEUS[-0.15(-0.18,-0.12)],差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.578,P=0.010)。2组内,H-CEUS TIC参数AT、TTP、AS与C-CEUS比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。
H-CEUS能够反映C-TIRADS 4-5类甲状腺结节增强特征,并在显示迂曲血管及边界清晰度方面具有一定的优势。
丁雷 , 罗文 , 杨晓 , 庞丽娜 , 张佩蒂 , 刘海静 , 袁佳妮 , 刘瑾 . 高帧频超声造影在评价C-TIRADS 4-5类甲状腺结节成像特征中的应用[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023 , 20(09) : 887 -894 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.09.001
To explore the characteristics of high-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (H-CEUS) in Chinese thyroid imaging reporting and data system (C-TIRADS) 4-5 thyroid nodules.
One hundred and two patients with C-TIRADS 4-5 thyroid nodules (n=109) diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University from September 2022 to May 2023 were prospectively collected. H-CEUS and conventional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (C-CEUS) were performed. The characteristics of H-CEUS imaging were analyzed with regard to whether there was tortuous blood vessels in the nodules, enhancement direction, enhancement uniformity, enhancement intensity, whether the boundary was clear, and the time-intensity curve (TIC) parameters [arrival time (AT), time to peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), maximum slope of rise curve (AS), and maximum slope of decline curve (DS)]. These features were then compared with the C-CEUS imaging features. Based on fine-needle aspiration or surgical pathology, the nodules were divided into either a benign group or a malignant group. The χ2 test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the differences in imaging features between H-CEUS and C-CEUS in the two groups. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences between C-CEUS and H-CEUS TIC parameters in the two groups.
Of the 109 nodules included, there were 48 benign nodules and 61 malignant nodules. In malignant nodules, H-CEUS showed that 78.7% (48/61) of the nodules had tortuous blood vessels after enhancement (C-CEUS showed 31.1%, χ2=27.843, P<0.001). In benign nodules, H-CEUS showed that 91.7% (44/48) of the nodules had a clear boundary after enhancement (C-CEUS showed 38.9%, χ2=36.984, P<0.001). H-CEUS and C-CEUS showed that there was no significant difference in enhancement direction, enhancement uniformity, or enhancement intensity between thyroid benign and malignant nodules after enhancement (P>0.05). In H-CEUS, the PI of benign nodules and malignant nodules was 24.18 (19.09, 31.20) and 18.20 (16.66, 23.91), respectively, significantly lower than that of C-CEUS [35.42 (25.83, 39.77) and 27.79 (25.88, 29.98), respectively; Z=-3.467 and -3.922; P=0.001 and <0.001, respectively]. In H-CEUS, DS [-0.11 (-0.15, -0.09)] was signifciantly higher than that of C-CEUS [-0.15 (-0.18, -0.12); Z=-2.578, P=0.010]. There was no significant difference in AT, TTP, or AS between H-CEUS and C-CEUS in both benign and malignant nodules (P>0.05).
H-CEUS can reflect the different enhancement characteristics of C-TIRADS 4-5 thyroid nodules, and has appreciated advantages in showing tortuous blood vessels and nodule boundary.
表1 甲状腺结节患者一般情况及超声图像特征比较 |
组别 | 例数 | 性别 | 年龄(岁,![]() | 结节最大经(cm,![]() | 恶性风险分层 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男 | 女 | C-TIRADS 4类 | C-TIRADS 5类 | ||||
良性结节组 | 48 | 5 | 17 | 40.82±7.46 | 1.20±0.73 | 44 | 4 |
恶性结节组 | 61 | 12 | 68 | 44.06±9.29 | 0.89±0.48 | 49 | 12 |
统计值 | χ2=0.742 | t=-1.507 | t=2.630 | χ2=2.758 | |||
P值 | 0.389 | 0.135 | 0.101 | 0.097 |
注:C-TIRADS为中国甲状腺影像报告与数据系统 |
表2 甲状腺良、恶性结节C-CEUS与H-CEUS造影增强特征比较(个) |
造影方式 | 内部迂曲血管 | 增强方向 | 增强均匀性 | 增强强度 | 增强后边界 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有 | 无 | 向心性 | 非向心性 | 均匀 | 不均匀 | 低增强 | 等增强 | 清晰 | 不清晰 | |
良性结节(n=48) | ||||||||||
C-CEUS | 1 | 47 | 0 | 48 | 1 | 47 | 10 | 38 | 15 | 33 |
H-CEUS | 0 | 48 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 48 | 14 | 34a | 44b | 4 |
χ2值 | - | - | - | 0.889 | 36.984 | |||||
P值 | 1.000 | - | 1.000 | 0.346 | <0.001 | |||||
恶性结节(n=61) | ||||||||||
C-CEUS | 19 | 42 | 37 | 24 | 18 | 43 | 43 | 18 | 1 | 60 |
H-CEUS | 48 | 13 | 46 | 15 | 9 | 52c | 52 | 9 | 0 | 61 |
χ2值 | 27.843 | 3.053 | 3.853 | 3.853 | - | |||||
P值 | <0.001 | 0.081 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 1.000 |
注:C-CEUS为常规超声造影,H-CEUS为高帧频超声造影;-表示采用Fisher检验,无相应统计量;a34个等增强包含4个等增强(增强后边界不清晰)与30个边界清晰的不均匀等增强(结节内含造影剂未增强区);b44个增强后边界清晰包含14个边界清晰的低增强与30个边界清晰的不均匀等增强;c52个不均匀增强包含46个向心性增强(不均匀增强的一种特殊类型)与6个不均匀低增强 |
图2 亚急性肉芽肿性甲状腺炎患者常规超声造影(C-CEUS)与高帧频超声造影(H-CEUS)表现。图a常规超声可见甲状腺右叶一低回声结节(☆处);图b~d C-CEUS显示结节边界不清楚,内部呈不均匀低增强;图e~h H-CEUS显示结节增强后边界清晰,内部呈不均匀增强,部分区域无造影剂灌注。图i为C-CEUS时间-强度曲线(TIC),图j为H-CEUS TIC,图j显示良性结节峰值强度低于图i |
表3 良、恶性甲状腺结节C-CEUS与H-CEUS TIC参数比较[M(QR)] |
造影方式 | AT(s) | TTP(s) | PI | AS | DS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
良性结节(n=48) | |||||
C-CEUS | 10.80(7.04,14.10) | 24.37(15.71,30.94) | 35.42(25.83,39.77) | 0.77(0.53,1.01) | -0.15(-0.20,-0.11) |
H-CEUS | 12.22(9.30,14.65) | 21.56(14.19,30.00) | 24.18(19.09,31.20) | 0.86(0.72,1.03) | -0.14(-0.19,-0.12) |
Z值 | -0.622 | -0.641 | -3.467 | -0.962 | -0.057 |
P值 | 0.291 | 0.522 | 0.001 | 0.336 | 0.955 |
恶性结节(n=61) | |||||
C-CEUS | 9.60(8.39,10.87) | 22.24(19.63,23.91) | 27.79(25.88,29.98) | 0.78(0.68,0.97) | -0.15(-0.18,-0.12) |
H-CEUS | 8.53(6.71,11.82) | 20.78(18.68,23.53) | 18.20(16.66,23.91) | 0.71(0.61,0.88) | -0.11(-0.15,-0.09) |
Z值 | -0.622 | -1.028 | -3.922 | -1.38 | -2.578 |
P值 | 0.534 | 0.304 | <0.001 | 0.168 | 0.010 |
注:C-CEUS为常规超声造影,H-CEUS为高帧频超声造影,TIC为时间-强度曲线,AT为 到达时间,TTP为达峰时间,PI为峰值强度;AS为上升曲线最大斜率,DS为下降曲线最大斜率 |
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