2024 , Vol. 21 >Issue 03: 257 - 267
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.03.003
胎儿脐-门-体静脉系统异常分流的产前超声诊断及产后结局
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2023-05-22
网络出版日期: 2024-06-05
基金资助
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ50296)
湖南省卫生健康委卫生科科研课题(W20243133)
湖南省出生缺陷协同防治科技重大专项(2019SK1010)
湖南省卫生计生委科研计划课题项目(C2017054)
湖南省卫生计生委科研计划课题项目(202209023037)
版权
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and postpartum outcomes of abnormal umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt
Received date: 2023-05-22
Online published: 2024-06-05
Copyright
探讨胎儿脐-门-体静脉系统异常分流(UPSVS)五大类型的产前超声图像特征及其预后,评价产前超声诊断UPSVS的临床价值。
对2017年1月至2021年1月在湖南省妇幼保健院至少2次以上产前超声检查诊断为UPSVS的病例,共52例进行回顾性分析,应用二维超声联合时间-空间关联成像技术(STIC)将UPSVS分为五类:(1)脐静脉-体静脉分流(USS);(2)静脉导管-体静脉分流(DVSS);(3)门静脉-体静脉分流(PSS),此类型又分为肝内型(IHPSS)和肝外型(EHPSS);(4)先天性肝动脉-门静脉瘘(CHPAVF);(5)孤立性静脉导管缺如或闭锁。分别探讨五大类型UPSVS的产前超声图像特点、主要临床特征及产后结局。
五种类型的UPSVS病例均有各自独特的超声影像学特征;UPSVS各类型产后结局具有差异性,主要表现在活产率、手术干预率、分流血管闭合率3个方面。DVSS、IHPSS、孤立性静脉导管缺如或闭锁组活产率较高(100%、85.0%、83.3%),USS活产率最低(0%);EHPSS与CHPAVF手术干预率最高(均为50.0%);其中DVSS与IHPSS分流血管闭合率较高,CHPAVF分流血管也有自发性闭合的可能。
各类型UPSVS具有特征性的超声图像特征,产前二维超声联合STIC技术可以对UPSVS进行产前诊断及产前分型;UPSVS各类型产后结局具有差异性,产前准确诊断和动态监测对产前咨询及产后治疗具有重要价值。
朱惠娟 , 邝海燕 , 骆迎春 , 邓光祁 , 蒋凌晖 , 汪圣 , 王政 , 孔一凡 , 龙煜 . 胎儿脐-门-体静脉系统异常分流的产前超声诊断及产后结局[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024 , 21(03) : 257 -267 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.03.003
To explore the prenatal ultrasound imaging features and prognosis of five types of umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt (UPSVS) and evaluate the clinical value of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of UPSVS.
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 cases of UPSVS that was diagnosed by repeat antenatal ultrasonography at Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to January 2021. Two-dimensional ultrasound combined with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) technology was used to classify UPSVS into five types: (1) umbilical-systemic shunt; (2) ductus venosus-systemic shunt; (3) portal-systemic shunt; (4) congenital hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula; and (5) isolated absence or closure of the ductus venosus. The prenatal ultrasound imaging characteristics, main clinical features, and postpartum outcomes of each type of UPSVS were investigated.
Each type of UPSVS had its unique ultrasound imaging features. The postpartum outcomes of UPSVS varied among different types, mainly in terms of delivery rate, surgical intervention rate, and shunt vessel closure rate. The types with higher delivery rates were ductus venosus-systemic shunt, intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt, and isolated absence or closure of the ductus venosus (100%, 85.0%, and 83.3% respectively), while the type with the lowest delivery rate was portal-systemic shunt (0%). The types with the highest surgical intervention rate were extrahepatic portal-systemic shunt and congenital hepatoportal arteriovenous fistula (both 50.0%). The ductus venosus-systemic shunt and intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt types had higher shunt vessel closure rates, and spontaneous closure of shunt vessels was also possible in the congenital hepatoportal arteriovenous group.
Each type of UPSVS has characteristic ultrasound imaging features. Prenatal two-dimensional ultrasound combined with STIC technology can be used for prenatal diagnosis and classification of UPSVS. Prenatal accurate diagnosis and dynamic monitoring have important value for prenatal counseling and postpartum treatment of UPSVS.
图4 病例4超声声像图。图a:静脉导管、左上腔静脉均汇入冠状静脉窦,冠状静脉窦增宽;图b:时间-空间关联成像技术图;图c:静脉导管、脐静脉二维图注:DV为静脉导管,CS为冠状静脉窦,RA为右心房,LA为左心房,LSVC为永存左上腔静脉,IVC为下腔静脉,DAO为降主动脉,UV为脐静脉 |
表1 胎儿脐-门-体静脉异常分流合并其他结构畸形汇总 |
类别 | 例数 | 孕妇年龄(岁,![]() | 首次诊断孕周(周,![]() | 合并畸形情况 |
---|---|---|---|---|
USS | 6 | 28.3±4.0 | 27.3±4.1 | 1例合并右侧桡骨缺如、单脐动脉、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、肺动脉瓣闭锁;1例合并胸腺小;1例生殖器发育异常;1例合并单脐动脉 |
DVSS | 10 | 30.1±4.1 | 26.5±2.6 | 3例永存左上腔静脉,2例房间隔缺损 |
IHPSS | 20 | 29.3±3.8 | 30.8±4.4 | 3例单脐动脉;1例隐形脊柱裂;1例肝内动静脉瘘并右位脐静脉;1例室间隔缺损;1例盆腔异位肾;1例左侧侧脑室轻度扩张并右位脐静脉;2例脐静脉瘤样扩张(其中1例合并肝内动静脉瘘、1例合并肝脾增大) |
孤立性静脉导管缺如或闭锁 | 12 | 28.5±3.6 | 22.5±3.2 | 1例左心发育不良;1例右心室双出口及肺动脉狭窄;1例合并法洛四联症;1例合并室间隔缺损;1例合并左侧侧脑室轻度扩张;1例合并颅后窝稍增宽 |
EHPSS | 2 | 30.5±6.4 | 28.1±5.7 | 1例为左上腔静脉;1例合并部分手指和脚趾并指畸形、部分指骨和趾骨末端缺失 |
CHPAVF | 2 | 28.5±2.1 | 36.0±1.4 | 1例合并小室间隔缺损 |
注:USS为脐静脉-体静脉分流,DVSS为静脉导管-体静脉分流,IHPSS为肝内型门静脉-体静脉分流,EHPSS为肝外型门静脉-体静脉分流,CHPAVF为先天性肝动脉-门静脉瘘 |
表2 各类脐-门-体静脉异常分流的产后结局汇总[%(例/例)] |
类型 | 例数 | 活产率 | 活产儿分流血管自发性闭合率 | 活产儿手术干预率 |
---|---|---|---|---|
USS | 6 | 0(0/6) | - | - |
DVSS | 10 | 100(10/10) | 100(6/6) | 0(0/10) |
DV缺如或闭锁 | 12 | 83.3(10/12) | - | 0(0/10) |
IHPSS | 20 | 85.0(17/20) | 100(6/6) | 0(0/17) |
EHPSS | 2 | 50.0(1/2) | 0(0/1) | 100(1/1) |
CHPAVF | 2 | 100(2/2) | 50.0(1/2) | 50.0(1/2) |
合计 | 52 | 76.9(40/52) | - | 5.0(2/40) |
注:USS为脐静脉-体静脉分流,DV为静脉导管,DVSS为静脉导管-体静脉分流,IHPSS为肝内型门静脉-体静脉分流,EHPSS为肝外型门静脉-体静脉分流,CHPAVF为先天性肝动脉-门静脉瘘;-表示无数据 |
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