2024 , Vol. 21 >Issue 11: 1030 - 1041
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.11.005
宫颈胃型腺癌的多模态影像学表现
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2024-10-17
网络出版日期: 2025-01-24
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(82272004);浙江省自然科学基金(LZ22H180001)
版权
Multimodal imaging manifestations of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma
Received date: 2024-10-17
Online published: 2025-01-24
Copyright
目的
探讨超声、磁共振成像(MRI)、计算机断层扫描(CT)在宫颈胃型腺癌(G-EAC)诊断中的应用价值。
方法
回顾性收集2020年8月至2024年8月于浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院经过手术病理证实的G-EAC患者的临床资料,包括年龄,临床症状,病理结果以及常规超声、MRI及增强CT等影像学资料,总结各种影像技术的图像特征,以病理结果为对照,采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验,对比3种影像技术方法的诊断识别率。
结果
53例患者均接受了术前超声检查,其中超声识别36例,漏诊17例。36例超声诊断宫颈异常的病灶的图像特点包括实性病灶(44.44%,16/36)和实性为主的囊实性病灶(41.67%,15/36),且实性部分以高回声为主(52.78%,19/36),囊实性病灶中囊性部分多为大囊肿(75.00%,15/20),囊肿局部呈簇状分布,部分囊壁略增厚,病灶实性部分多可探及较丰富血流信号(88.89%,32/36)。接受MRI检查者49例,误诊或漏诊4例,大部分表现出T1加权成像等信号(73.33%,33/45),T2加权成像高信号(77.78%,35/45),弥散加权成像高信号(88.89%,40/45)和边界不清(71.11%,32/45)的特点。接受CT检查者47例,漏诊或误诊6例,41例CT诊断宫颈异常的图像特点多表现为宫颈不均匀低密度灶和增强后的不均匀增强。对比3种影像技术的诊断识别率发现,对于子宫内膜、肌层受累及输卵管卵巢等宫旁组织受累的识别超声与MRI和CT差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),对于病灶的识别、阴道受累情况及盆腹腔淋巴结转移的识别超声不如MRI和CT,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
结论
3种影像技术对于病灶和周围浸润及远处转移的识别能力各有优势,影像医师应加强对G-EAC影像特征的学习,尤其是超声医师,以期提高超声技术的诊断能力,为患者的术前诊断、术后治疗和随访提供更多的有效信息。
阚光娟 , 孙立群 , 王敏言 , 李俨育 , 谭艳娟 , 仇玉轩 , 潘淑淑 , 朱江 . 宫颈胃型腺癌的多模态影像学表现[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024 , 21(11) : 1030 -1041 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.11.005
Objective
To explore the application value of ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma(G-EAC).
Methods
The clinical data of 53 patients with G-EAC confirmed by surgery and pathology at the Women’s Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University from August 2020 to August 2024 were collected, including age, clinical symptoms, and pathological results, as well as imaging data such as conventional ultrasound, MRI, and enhanced CT. The image characteristics of various imaging techniques were summarized. Using pathological results as the golden standard, the diagnostic recognition rates of the three imaging modalities were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.
Results
All the 53 patients underwent ultrasound examination, by which 36 achieved a diagnosis and 17 had a missed diagnosis. The imaging characteristics of 36 lesions diagnosed with cervical abnormalities by ultrasound include solid lesions (44.44%, 16/36) and predominantly solid solid-cystic lesions (41.67%, 15/36), with the solid part mainly having high echogenicity (52.78%, 19/36). Among the solid-cystic lesions, the cystic part was mostly large cysts (75.00%, 15/20), and the cysts were locally clustered, with some cyst walls slightly thickened. Rich blood flow signals can be detected in the solid part of the lesion (88.89%, 32/36). Fortynine cases underwent MRI examination, with 4 cases misdiagnosed or missed. Most of them showed signals such as homogeneous signal intensity on T1 weighted imaging (73.33%, 33/45), high signal intensity on T2 weighted imaging (77.78%, 35/45), high signal on intensity diffusion weighted imaging (88.89%, 40/45), and unclear boundaries (71.11%, 32/45). Forty-seven cases underwent CT examination, with 6 cases missed or misdiagnosed. Among the 41 cases diagnosed with cervical abnormalities by CT, the imaging characteristics were mainly inhomogeneous low-density lesions and inhomogeneous enhancement in the cervix. Comparing the diagnostic recognition rates of the three imaging techniques, it was found that ultrasound had no significant statistical difference in identifying endometrial, muscular, and ovarian tissue involvement in the uterus compared to MRI and CT (P>0.05), and was inferior to MRI and CT in identifying lesions,vaginal involvement, and pelvic and abdominal lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Each of the three imaging techniques has its own advantages in identifying lesions, surrounding infiltration, and distant metastasis. Imaging physicians, especially ultrasound physicians, should strengthen their learning of G-EAC imaging features, in order to improve the diagnostic ability of ultrasound and provide more effective information for preoperative diagnosis, postoperative treatment, and follow-up of patients.
表1 53例宫颈胃型腺癌患者的临床资料[例(%)] |
项目 | 例数 |
---|---|
临床症状 | |
阴道流液 | 20(37.74) |
阴道流血 | 21(39.62) |
流血+流液 | 4(7.55) |
流血+下腹痛 | 2(3.77) |
流液+腰酸腰痛 | 1(1.89) |
流血+流液+夜尿增多 | 1(1.89) |
下腹胀+尿频+腰酸 | 1(1.89) |
流液+下腹胀痛 | 1(1.89) |
流血+流液+下腹酸胀+排尿困难 | 1(1.89) |
无症状 | 1(1.89) |
病理肿瘤大小 | |
<4 cm | 25(47.17) |
≥4 cm | 28(52.83) |
生长方式 | |
肿块型 | 3(5.66) |
浸润型 | 26(49.06) |
混合型 | 24(45.28) |
病变位置 | |
上段 | 12(22.64) |
下段 | 7(13.21) |
全程 | 34(64.15) |
宫颈形态 | |
正常 | 25(47.17) |
饱满/增大 | 28(52.83) |
肿瘤侵犯 | |
累及内膜 | 37(69.81) |
累及肌层 | 30(56.60) |
累及阴道 | 28(52.83) |
累及宫旁 | 20(37.74) |
侵犯淋巴结 | 29(54.72) |
侵犯神经 | 11(20.75) |
侵犯大血管 | 4(7.55) |
脉管内癌栓 | 33(62.26) |
盆腔转移 | 4(7.55) |
宫腔积液 | |
无 | 15(28.30) |
少量 | 13(24.53) |
中量 | 8(15.09) |
大量 | 17(32.08) |
图1 宫颈胃型腺癌(Ⅲ期)病灶超声影像特征。超声显示为低回声实性小肿块,呈浸润型生长,内探及Ⅱ级血流信号(图a),宫腔内可见大量积液(图b),病理图片提示肿瘤细胞低分化,病变浸润间质(图c) |
图2 宫颈胃型腺癌(Ⅳ期)超声图像特征。超声显示为实性大肿块,大部分呈高回声(白色箭头),小部分呈低回声(红色箭头),浸润型生长,内可见Ⅲ级血流信号(图a),宫腔见少量积液及内膜病变(图b),病理图片提示病变浸润型生长(图c) |
图3 宫颈胃型腺癌(Ⅱ期)超声图像特征。超声显示为高回声实性为主伴小囊肿的大肿块,内可见Ⅲ级血流信号(图a),未见明显宫腔积液及内膜或肌层病变(图b),病理提示,病灶呈浸润型生长,宫颈间质中散在分布大小不一的腺腔(图c) |
图4 宫颈胃型腺癌(Ⅲ期)超声图像特征。超声显示为高回声实性为主的大囊肿块,囊肿局部呈簇状分布,部分囊壁略增厚(白色箭头),内可见Ⅲ级血流信号(图a),伴有中等量宫腔积液及内膜病变(图b),病理提示病灶呈浸润型生长,腺腔扩大(图c) |
图5 宫颈胃型腺癌(I期)超声图像特征。宫颈近内膜面多发囊性无回声区,宫颈前唇血供较丰富,探及Ⅲ级血流信号(图a),超声显示宫底部宫腔至宫颈管外口全程扩张,子宫内膜面多发不规则团块回声(图b),病理提示有高柱状黏液和基底核的细胞,内伴有丰富的淡粉红色细胞质,局部见泡沫状细胞质,有清晰的细胞边界(图c) |
表2 宫颈胃型腺癌的超声影像特征[例(%)] |
项目 | 例数(n=36) |
---|---|
大小/范围 | |
<4 cm | 12(33.33) |
与病理大小相符 | 10(27.78) |
与病理大小不相符 | 2(5.56) |
偏大 | 0(0) |
偏小 | 2(5.56) |
≥4 cm | 24(66.67) |
与病理大小相符 | 10(27.78) |
与病理大小不相符 | 14(38.89) |
偏大 | 1(2.78) |
偏小 | 13(36.11) |
超声结构类型 | |
囊性 | 0(0) |
囊实性 | 20(55.56) |
囊性为主 | 5(13.89) |
囊肿<5 mm | 1(2.78) |
囊肿≥5 mm | 4(11.11) |
实性为主 | 15(41.67) |
囊肿<5 mm | 4(11.11) |
囊肿≥5 mm | 11(30.56) |
实性 | 16(44.44) |
实性部分或囊壁血供情况 | |
0级 | 0(0) |
Ⅰ级 | 0(0) |
Ⅱ级 | 3(8.33) |
Ⅲ级 | 32(88.89) |
未测 | 1(2.78) |
实性部分的回声类型 | |
低回声 | 9(25.00) |
等回声 | 8(22.22) |
高回声 | 19(52.78) |
图6 宫颈胃型腺癌(微偏腺癌,Ⅳ期)漏诊病灶检查图像及病理图像。超声(图a)提示子宫形态饱满,体积增大,肌层回声不均,宫腔及宫颈管内偏强回声团,宫腔大量积液,宫颈内口区域肌层内囊性为主的不均质回声区;MRI(图b)提示宫颈病灶弥散加权成像呈等信号;CT(图c)提示宫颈管周围见囊实性异常密度灶,边界欠清楚,增强后可见轻度不均匀强化;病理检测(图d)提示为分化良好的宫颈胃型腺癌病灶,呈浸润型生长 |
表3 超声漏诊宫颈胃型腺癌病例一般资料与图像特征分析(例) |
项目 | 例数 | 实性 | 实性为主的囊实性 | 囊性为主的囊实性 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
低回声 | 等回声 | 高回声 | 实性部分呈等回声 | 实性部分呈高回声 | 实性部分呈高回声 | ||
FIGO病理分期 | |||||||
Ⅰ期 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
Ⅱ期 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Ⅲ期 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Ⅳ期 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
临床症状 | |||||||
阴道流血 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
阴道流液 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
阴道流血+流液 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
阴道流血+下腹痛 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
阴道流液+腰酸腰痛 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
体检发现 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
病理肿瘤大小 | |||||||
<4 cm | 12 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
≥4 cm | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
病变位置 | |||||||
上段 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
下段 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
全程 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
生长方式 | |||||||
浸润型 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 3 |
宫颈形态 | |||||||
正常 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 2 | |
增大/饱满 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
宫腔积液 | |||||||
无 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
少量 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
中量 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
大量 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
表4 磁共振检查漏诊宫颈胃型腺癌病例的一般资料与图像特点 |
序号 | 病理分期 | 临床症状 | 病灶大小 | 病灶位置 | 生长方式 | 宫颈形态 | 宫腔积液 | T1WI | T2WI | DWI | 增强 | 边界 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ⅱ | 阴道流液 | 大 | 全程 | 混合型 | 饱满 | 少量 | 低信号 | 高信号 | 等信号 | 中等增强 | 清 |
2 | Ⅳ | 阴道流液 | 大 | 上段 | 浸润型 | 正常 | 大量 | 低信号 | 高信号 | 等信号 | 轻度增强 | 不清 |
3 | Ⅰ | 阴道流血 | 小 | 上段 | 浸润型 | 正常 | 无 | 低信号 | 等信号 | 等信号 | 中等增强 | 不清 |
4 | Ⅲ | 体检发现 | 大 | 全程 | 浸润型 | 正常 | 大量 | 低信号 | 等信号 | 等信号 | 中等增强 | 不清 |
表5 CT漏诊宫颈胃型腺癌病例一般资料与图象特征 |
序号 | 病理分期 | 临床症状 | 病灶大小 | 病灶位置 | 生长方式 | 宫颈形态 | 宫腔积液 | 密度类型 | 增强情况 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ⅲ | 流液 | 小肿块 | 上段 | 浸润型 | 正常 | 无 | 等密度 | 轻度增强 |
2 | Ⅱ | 流液 | 大肿块 | 全程 | 混合型 | 饱满 | 少量 | 低密度 | 中等增强 |
3 | Ⅳ | 流液 | 大肿块 | 上段 | 浸润型 | 正常 | 大量 | 低密度 | 轻度增强 |
4 | Ⅰ | 流液 | 小肿块 | 上段 | 浸润型 | 饱满 | 中量 | 低密度 | 中等增强 |
5 | Ⅳ | 腹胀、腰酸、尿频 | 小肿块 | 全程 | 混合型 | 饱满 | 无 | 低密度 | 明显增强 |
6 | Ⅰ | 流血 | 小肿块 | 上段 | 浸润型 | 正常 | 无 | 等密度 | 中等增强 |
表6 超声、CT及MRI对于宫颈胃型腺癌病灶及周边浸润或转移情况的识别率对比 |
检查方式 | 病灶 | 子宫内膜受累 | 子宫肌层受累 | 阴道受累 | 宫旁受累 | 淋巴结转移 | 网膜受累 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MRI | 49 | 33 | 27 | 25 | 18 | 26 | 3 |
识别 | 45 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 13 | 0 |
漏诊 | 2 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 13 | 3 |
误诊 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CT | 47 | 31 | 24 | 24 | 17 | 27 | 4 |
识别 | 41 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 0 |
漏诊 | 2 | 23 | 15 | 16 | 7 | 14 | 4 |
误诊 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
超声 | 53 | 37 | 30 | 28 | 20 | 29 | 4 |
识别 | 36 | 16 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
漏诊 | 17 | 21 | 23 | 28 | 10 | 29 | 4 |
误诊 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
χ 2值a | 0.163 | 1.957 | 0.001 | 1.090 | - | 0.018 | - |
P值a | 0.686 | 0.162 | 0.973 | 0.296 | 0.740 | 0.893 | - |
χ 2值b | 8.904 | 0.005 | 3.041 | 17.374 | - | 18.988 | - |
P值b | 0.003 | 0.945 | 0.081 | <0.001 | 0.757 | <0.001 | - |
χ 2值c | 5.244 | 2.246 | 3.013 | 8.618 | - | 18.184 | - |
P值c | 0.022 | 0.134 | 0.083 | 0.003 | 1.000 | <0.001 | - |
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