2025 , Vol. 22 >Issue 01: 46 - 54
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.01.007
高帧频超声造影对乳腺BI-RADS 4 类小结节的鉴别诊断价值
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2024-10-15
网络出版日期: 2025-04-18
基金资助
苏州市临床重点病种诊疗技术专项(LCZX202104)姑苏卫生人才计划人才科研项目(GSWS2023008)苏州大学附属第一医院博习临床研究项目(BXLC002)苏州大学临床科技高端平台和转化基地建设项目(ML12202723)
版权
Diagnostic value of high-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound in small breast BI-RADS4 masses
Received date: 2024-10-15
Online published: 2025-04-18
Copyright
目的
探讨高帧频超声造影(HFR-CEUS)在乳腺超声影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)分类为4 类小结节(最大径≤20 mm)良、恶性鉴别诊断中的优势和应用价值。
方法
选取2022 年9 月至2023 年12 月在苏州大学附属第一医院就诊的乳腺结节患者75 例(共计82 个结节病灶),以病理诊断为依据,将结节分良性组(58 个)和恶性组(24 个)。所有病灶均在取得病理诊断结果前进行了常规超声造影(C-CEUS)和HFR-CEUS 检查,分别记录2 种超声造影检查灌注模式的特征(包括增强方向、增强强度、增强后边缘特征、增强范围、滋养血管)和时间-强度曲线相关参数:峰值强度、上升时间、达峰时间、平均渡越时间、流入相曲线下面积,并采用χ2 检验、Fisher 检验或秩合检验比较2组的组间差异;分析2 种超声造影模式对乳腺小结节良、恶性鉴别的敏感度、特异度和准确性,绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线并采用Delong 检验比较2 种造影模式的曲线下面积的差异。
结果
HFRCEUS 模式下,良性组病灶离心性增强方向(37.9%)、低增强(13.8%)、增强后范围无明显扩大(91.4%)及增强后边缘光滑(70.7%)的显示率均高于C-CEUS 模式(17.2%、1.7%、75.9%、46.6%),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.238、6.562、5.098、7.663,P=0.044、0.033、0.024、0.046);恶性组病灶增强后边缘特征呈放射状的显示率(45.8%)较C-CEUS 模式(16.7%)显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=5.807,P=0.047)。HFR-CEUS 对乳腺小结节良、恶性鉴别的诊断效能高于C-CEUS(曲线下面积:0.937 vs 0.853),差异具有统计学意义(Z=2.488,P=0.013);HFR-CEUS 的诊断特异度(91.4%)、准确性(90.2%),相较于C-CEUS(特异度为67.2%,准确性为74.4%)均有所提高。
结论
HFR-CEUS 通过提高帧频、改善图像对比度及分辨率,提升了乳腺小结节动脉早期灌注过程及边缘特征的显示能力,可提高对乳腺BI-RADS 4 类小结节良、恶性鉴别诊断的效能。
关键词: 乳腺影像报告与数据系统; 超声造影; 高帧频; 乳腺癌
周梦琦 , 郑燕 , 宋颖 , 朱琳 , 后利珠 , 刘瑾瑾 , 董凤林 . 高帧频超声造影对乳腺BI-RADS 4 类小结节的鉴别诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025 , 22(01) : 46 -54 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.01.007
Objective
To assess the benefits and application potential of high-frame-rate contrastenhanced ultrasound (HFR-CEUS) in differentiating small benign from malignant breast nodules categorized as BI-RADS 4 nodules (maximum diameter≤20 mm).
Methods
The study involved 75 patients with a total of 82 nodules, treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from September 2022 to December 2023.Based on pathological diagnosis, the nodules were classified into benign (58 nodules) and malignant groups (24 nodules).Prior to the pathological diagnosis, all patients underwent conventional CEUS (C-CEUS) and HFR-CEUS; characteristics of perfusion patterns for each method were recorded,including enhancement direction, intensity, edge characteristics post-enhancement, enhancement range, and nutrient vessels, alongside time-intensity curve-related parameters (peak intensity, rise time, time to peak,mean transit time, and wash-in area under the curve).These attributes were compared between the groups by χ2 test, Fisher test or rank sum test to evaluate their differences.Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity,and accuracy of both ultrasound modalities in distinguishing benign from malignant nodules were analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and the area under the curve (AUC) values of both modalities were compared by Delong test.
Results
In HFR-CEUS mode, benign lesions predominantly showed eccentric enhancement direction (37.9%), low enhancement intensity (13.8%), limited expansion of enhancement range (91.4%), and better-defined edges (70.7%) compared to conventional CEUS (17.2%,1.7%, 75.9%, and 46.6%, respectively), with statistically significant differences between the two groups(χ2=6.238, 6.562, 5.098, and 7.663; P=0.044, 0.033, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).The incidence of radial edge features in the malignant group (45.8%) was significantly higher compared to that of the C-CEUS group (16.7%; χ2=5.807, P=0.047).Furthermore, HFR-CEUS demonstrated higher diagnostic efficacy than C-CEUS in differentiating benign from malignant breast nodules (AUC: 0.937 vs 0.853), with a statistically significant difference (Z=2.488, P=0.013).The diagnostic specificity (91.4%) and accuracy (90.2%) of HFRCEUS were also significantly improved compared to those of C-CEUS (specificity 67.2%, accuracy 74.4%).
Conclusion
HFR-CEUS enhances the visualization of early perfusion processes and edge features in small breast nodules by increasing the frame rate, and improving image contrast and resolution, thereby enhancing the diagnostic performance for benign and malignant small BI-RADS4 breast nodules.
表1 乳腺小结节的2 种超声造影特征定性资料比较[个(%)] |
组别 | 病灶数 | 增强方向 | 增强强度 | 造影剂分布特征 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
向心性 | 离心性 | 弥漫性 | 高增强 | 低增强 | 等增强 | 均匀 | 不均匀 | |||
C-CEUS | ||||||||||
良性组 | 58 | 10(17.2) | 10(17.2) | 38(65.5) | 51(87.9) | 1(1.7) | 6(10.3) | 33(56.9) | 25(43.1) | |
恶性组 | 24 | 7(29.2) | 2(8.3) | 15(62.5) | 24(100) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 13(54.2) | 11(45.8) | |
χ 2 值 | 2.001 | 2.846 | 0.051 | |||||||
P 值 | 0.350 | 0.222 | 0.821 | |||||||
HFR-CEUS | ||||||||||
良性组 | 58 | 7(12.1) | 22(37.9) | 29(50.0) | 47(81.0) | 8(13.8) | 3(5.2) | 31(53.4) | 27(46.6) | |
恶性组 | 24 | 9(37.5) | 3(12.5) | 12(50.0) | 24(100) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 13(54.2) | 11(45.8) | |
χ 2 值 | 9.228 | 4.678 | 0.004 | |||||||
P值 | 0.010 | 0.094 | 0.953 | |||||||
χ 2 值a | 6.238 | 6.562 | 0.139 | |||||||
P值a | 0.044 | 0.033 | 0.709 | |||||||
χ 2 值b | 0.862 | - | <0.001 | |||||||
P 值b | 0.698 | - | 1.000 | |||||||
组别 | 病灶数 | 增强范围 | 增强后边缘特征 | 滋养血管 | ||||||
扩大 | 无明显扩大 | 光滑 | 不规则 | 放射状 | 无明确增强边缘 | 无 | 有 | |||
C-CEUS | ||||||||||
良性组 | 58 | 14(24.1) | 44(75.9) | 27(46.6) | 15(25.9) | 3(5.2) | 13(22.4) | 44(75.9) | 14(24.1) | |
恶性组 | 24 | 14(58.3) | 10(41.7) | 3(12.5) | 17(70.8) | 4(16.7) | 0(0) | 12(50.0) | 12(50.0) | |
χ 2值 | 8.827 | 5.234 | ||||||||
P值 | 0.003 | 0.022 | ||||||||
HFR-CEUS | ||||||||||
良性组 | 58 | 5(8.6) | 53(91.4) | 41(70.7) | 6(10.3) | 2(3.4) | 9(15.5) | 45(77.6) | 13(22.4) | |
恶性组 | 24 | 15(62.5) | 9(37.5) | 4(16.7) | 9(37.5) | 11(45.8) | 0(0) | 9(37.5) | 15(62.5) | |
χ 2 值 | 26.722 | 37.234 | 12.131 | |||||||
P值 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
χ 2 值a | 5.098 | 7.663 | 0.048 | |||||||
P值a | 0.024 | 0.046 | 0.826 | |||||||
χ 2 值b | 0.087 | 5.807 | 0.762 | |||||||
P 值b | 0.768 | 0.047 | 0.383 |
注:C-CEUS 为常规超声造影,HFR-CEUS 为高帧频超声造影。a 为良性组乳腺小结节C-CEUS 和HFR-CEUS 模式下超声造影特征比较的统计值,b 为恶性组乳腺小结节C-CEUS 和HFR-CEUS 模式下超声造影特征比较的统计值。-表示无相应数值 |
表2 乳腺小结节2 种超声造影特征定量资料比较[M(QR)] |
组别 | 病灶数 | 峰值强度(a.u) | 流入相曲线下面积(a.u) | 上升时间(s) | 平均渡越时间(s) | 达峰时间(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C-CEUS | |||||||
良性组 | 58 | 3298.4(1532.5,4887.5) | 10350.0(5127.5,17150.0) | 5.3(4.5,6.3) | 36.2(24.8,51.2) | 8.4(7.2,10.0) | |
恶性组 | 24 | 3642.8(2581.3,9314.6) | 13641.3(7416.6,28221.0) | 4.7(4.1,5.4) | 33.3(27.7,57.2) | 7.3(5.9,9.7) | |
Z 值 | 1.998 | 1.906 | 1.651 | 0.234 | 2.120 | ||
P 值 | 0.046 | 0.057 | 0.099 | 0.815 | 0.034 | ||
HFR-CEUS | |||||||
良性组 | 58 | 1844.8(871.3,3200.0) | 6025.0(3540.0,13125.0) | 5.9(5.0,7.2) | 33.7(27.0,46.6) | 9.7(7.8,12.2) | |
恶性组 | 24 | 2894.9(1436.2,5452.5) | 9943.6(4713.4,21466.5) | 5.2(4.0,6.5) | 40.1(29.5,56.9) | 8.3(6.0,13.0) | |
Z 值 | 2.201 | 1.743 | 2.038 | 0.734 | 1.040 | ||
P 值 | 0.028 | 0.081 | 0.042 | 0.463 | 0.299 | ||
Z 值a | 2.943 | 2.049 | 2.493 | 0.144 | 2.452 | ||
P 值a | 0.003 | 0.041 | 0.013 | 0.886 | 0.014 | ||
Z 值b | 2.103 | 1.773 | 0.619 | 0.144 | 1.155 | ||
P 值b | 0.035 | 0.076 | 0.536 | 0.885 | 0.248 |
注:C-CEUS 为常规超声造影,HFR-CEUS 为高帧频超声造影。a 为良性组乳腺小结节C-CEUS 和HFR-CEUS 模式下超声造影特征比较的统计值,b 为恶性组乳腺小结节C-CEUS 和HFR-CEUS 模式下超声造影特征比较的统计值 |
图1 乳腺良性小结节(病理学:导管内乳头状瘤)常规超声(图a)及超声造影图像。按时间顺序,选取超声造影图像,图b ~e 为常规帧频超声造影图(其中b ~d 为起始灌注相,e 为达峰时相),显示乳腺小结节内部造影剂灌注方向呈弥漫型;图f ~i 为高帧频超声造影图像(其中f ~h 为起始灌注相,i 为达峰时相),显示病灶内灌注方向呈离心型 |
图2 乳腺良性小结节(病理学:肉芽肿性炎)常规超声(图a)及超声造影图像。选取检查中达峰值强度时图像,图b 为常规帧频超声造影图像,显示病灶增强后范围较常规超声稍增大;图c 为高帧频超声造影图像,显示病灶增强后范围较常规超声无明显增大 |
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