To explore the effect of implementing fetal systemic ultrasound screening in Material and Child Health Hospital of Shannan.

The data of pregnant women at 11-40 gestational weeks who received prenatal ultrasound examination during 2016—2021 at Material and Child Health Hospital of Shannan were retrospectively analyzed. The change in the number of pregnant women receiving prenatal ultrasound screening, the number of pregnant women receiving fetal systemic ultrasound screening in the mid-trimester, the ratio of the number of pregnant women receiving fetal systemic ultrasound screening in the mid-trimester to that of pregnant women receiving prenatal ultrasound screening, the number of fetal abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound, the detection rate of fetal abnormalities by prenatal ultrasound, the gestation weeks when fetal abnormalities were detected, and the ranking and distribution of fetal abnormalities after implementing the fetal systemic ultrasound screening were then analyzed.

After implementing the fetal systemic ultrasound screening, the number of pregnant women receiving prenatal ultrasound screening, the number of pregnant women receiving fetal systemic ultrasound screening in the mid-trimester, the ratio of the number of pregnant women receiving fetal systemic ultrasound screening in the mid-trimester to that of pregnant women receiving prenatal ultrasound screening, and the number and detection rate of fetal abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound all increased. The detection rate of fetal abnormalities by prenatal ultrasound increased to 1.03% from 0.39%. The number of fetal abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound in the first trimester (11-13⁺⁶ weeks) and the early mid-trimester (14-17⁺⁶ weeks) increased from zero to 12, and showed an increasing trend year by year; and appendage abnormalities still ranked first. The type of fetal abnormalities increased from 6 to 34. Single umbilical artery (SUA) and aberrant right subclavicular artery (ARSA) accounted for 40.16% of all fetal abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound.

Implementing the standardized fetal systemic ultrasound screening could make more pregnant women to receive the prenatal ultrasound screening, improve the detection rate of fetal abnormalities, and reduce the incidence of fetal abnormalities.

To evaluate the value of S/D ratio of umbilical arteries (UA) and Z-scores of multiple ultrasound parameters in the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Three thousand four hundred and nine GDM women with singleton pregnancy who underwent routine prenatal examination and delivery at Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from June 2016 to October 2021 were selected as research subjects. Pregnant women with both GDM and FGR were used included in an observation group (35 cases), and the other pregnant women served as a control group (3374 cases). Fetal biometric parameters including UA S/D ratio, growth parameters, and Z-scores of HC, AC, and HC/AC ratio of the two groups at 28 and 32 weeks of gestation were compared, and subsequently receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were produced and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated.

BPD, HC, AC, and FL in the observation group at 28 and 32 weeks of gestation were significantly decreased compared to those of the control group, and HC/AC ratio was significantly increased compared to that of the control group (P＜0.05). The UA S/D ratio and Z-scores of HC/AC ratio in the observation group at 28 and 32 weeks of gestation were significantly increased compared to those of the control group, and the Z-score of AC was significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (P＜0.05). The AUC values of S/D ratio, Z-score of AC, and Z-score of HC/AC ratio in the diagnosis of FGR at 28 and 32 weeks of gestation were 0.820, 0.984, and 0.948, and 0.855, 0.941, and 0.981, respectively.

The UA S/D ratio and Z-scores of multiple ultrasound biometric parameters can accurately and reliably evaluate the fetal growth and development, which can provide important information for the clinical diagnosis of FGR in pregnant women with GDM.

To investigate the incidence and prognosis of fetal non-structural cardiovascular abnormalities in pregnant women with anxiety during pregnancy by ultrasonography.

From June 2018 to February 2020, 807 pregnant women who underwent fetal echocardiography and psychological screening in the early, middle, and late pregnancy were selected and re-examined at the psychiatric department, and all of them completed the self-rating scale evaluation for pregnancy anxiety in the early, middle, and late stages of pregnancy. Echocardiography was also performed in the 1-year-old infants. Among the woman included, 218 with anxiety during pregnancy were included in an anxiety group, and 233 with no anxiety during pregnancy were included in a control group. Cases with fetal cardiac structural abnormalities detected by ultrasound before or after birth were excluded. A comparative analysis was performed on the incidence of non-structural cardiovascular abnormalities in the two groups of fetuses and their prognosis after the first year of life.

The total incidence of fetal non-structural cardiovascular abnormalities and arrhythmia in the anxiety group were 29.4% (64/218) and 9.6% (21/218), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group were [9.0% (21/233) and 3.4% (8/233), respectively] (P＜0.01 for both). The incidence of moderate tricuspid regurgitation and enlargement of the right atrium was also significantly higher in the anxiety group than in the control group [4.1% (9/218) vs 0.9% (2/233), P＜0.05; 6.4% (14/218) vs 2.1% (5/233), P＜0.05]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of non-structural cardiovascular abnormalities (arrhythmia, pericardial effusion, right ventricular enlargement, left ventricular enlargement, right atrial enlargement, left atrial enlargement, left atrial enlargement, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation and above) between the two groups after the first year of life of the fetus (P＞0.05 for all).

The incidence of fetal non-structural cardiac abnormalities is higher in pregnant women with gestational anxiety. Clinical attention should be paid to the psychological counseling of pregnant women during pregnancy. Some non-structural abnormalities in the heart of the fetus can return to normal after birth, so it should not be over-interpreted, so as not to aggravate the anxiety of pregnant women during pregnancy and cause excessive induction of labor.

To investigate the correlation of the displacement degree of the tricuspid valve and impaired ventricular systolic function evaluated by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) Z-score in Ebstein anomaly (EA) fetuses, and explore the mechanism of impaired ventricular systolic function.

A total of 1024 normal fetuses and 25 fetuses with EA diagnosed at the People's Hospital of Pingyang County and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital from September 2014 to December 2019 were included. TAPSE and MAPSE were measured by free angle M-mode (FAM) echocardiography, and the Z-scores of TAPSE and MAPSE were calculated and compared between normal and EA fetuses. Mitral valve-tricuspid valve distance (MTD) and cardiac length (CL) were measured, and then the correlation of MTD/CL with FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE Z-scores, as well as the correlation of FAM-TAPSE with FAM-MAPSE Z-score was analyzed.

Compared with normal fetuses, the mean Z-scores of FAM-TAPSE and FAM-MAPSE were both statistically different in fetuses with EA (-1.940±1.791 vs -0.135±0.967, -4.358±0.618 vs -0.031±0.919, P＜0.001 for both). All FAM-TAPSE Z-scores of EA cases were＜-2 and only 36% (9/25) of FAM-MAPSE Z-scores of EA cases were＜-2. FAM-TAPSE Z-score was highly negatively correlated with MTD/CL (r = -0.800, P＜0.001), but there was no significant correlation between FAM-MAPSE Z-score and MTD/CL (r = -0.135, P=0.519). FAM-TAPSE Z-score correlated positively with FAM-MAPSE (r = 0.350, P＜0.05).

There are varying degrees of decline in right ventricular systolic function in fetuses with EA, and the displacement degree of the tricuspid valve exhibits a significantly negative correlation with FAM-TAPSE Z-score, which may be related to the right ventricular myocardial fibrosis caused by the regurgitation of the tricuspid valve. The left ventricular systolic function of some fetuses with EA decline, but it has no connection with the displacement degree of the tricuspid valve.

To evaluate the value of prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of fetal cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) abnormalities and to analyze the pregnancy outcomes.

From January 2018 to December 2019, 34 fetuses with CSP abnormalities identified by prenatal ultrasound at the Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University were collected. Fetal MRI was performed. the newborn or fetus was examined after birth or induced labor by ultrasound and MRI. Neurodevelopment was followed by postnatal ultrasound/MRI.

Prenatal ultrasound and MRI examination results showed that in the 34 cases, there were 7 cases of holoprosencephaly (20.6%), 9 cases of small CSP (26.5%), 3 cases of absent CSP (8.8%), 7 cases of widened CSP (20.6%), 4 cases of corpus callosum dysplasia (11.8%), 1 case of abnormal echo in CSP (2.9%), 1 case of isolated septum pellucidum dysplasia (2.9%), and 2 cases of septo-optic dysplasia (5.9%). There were 24 fetuses (70.6%) who underwent fetal MRI, which revealed 11 cases of small CSP (45.8%), 5 cases of widened CSP (20.8%), 4 cases of corpus callosum dysplasia (16.7%), 2 cases of isolated septum pellucidum dysplasia (8.3%), and 2 cases of septo-optic dysplasia (8.3%). In four cases, prenatal ultrasound and prenatal MRI diagnoses were inconsistent. Fifteen cases (44.1%, 15/34) underwent induced labor (7 cases of holoprosencephaly and 8 cases of abnormal CSP with other malformations). Nineteen cases (55.9%, 19/34) were born and developed well (11 cases with small CSP, 5 cases with widened CSP, 1 case with corpus callosum dysplasia, and 2 cases with isolated septum pellucidum dysplasia and normal corpus callosum). No neurological abnormalities were observed in 19 live births between 1 month and 28 months.

Isolated small or wide CSP and isolated septum pellucidum dysplasia have good clinical prognosis during short-term follow-up.

To establish the normal range of fetal atrioventricular (AV) time intervals during the second and third trimesters assessed by three different pulsed-wave Doppler techniques [superior vena cava and ascending aorta (SVC/AAO) method, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein (PA/PV) method and analyze the correlation of AV value with gestational age, fetal heart rate, and heart area.

From June to December 2019, 227 normal fetuses who underwent echocardiography at the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine were selected. The gestational age was 16 to 41 weeks. They were divided into five groups according to gestational age. Pulsed-wave Doppler methods including SVC/AAO, TDI, and PA/PV were applied to measure AV, respectively. The measurement success rate and the normal range of AV values in different gestational weeks were obtained. Single-factor analysis of variance and multiple comparisons (LSD-t method) were used to analyze the differences in AV values obtained by different methods. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation of AV values with gestational age, fetal heart rate, and fetal heart area. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the in-observer and inter-observer repeatability of each method.

All the three Doppler methods achieved a high measurement success rate: SVC/AAO, 94.58%; TDI, 100%; PA/PV, 95.83%. The normal range of AV values was: AV-SVC/AAO, (115.94±6.67) ms; AV-TDI, (117.69±6.43) ms; AV-PA/PV,(123.70±6.42 )ms; the difference between them was statistically significant (t=-2.843, -12.662, -9.819; P=0.005, ＜0.001, ＜0.001). All AV values were positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.677~0.680, P＜0.001) and fetal heart area (r=0.648~0.654, P＜0.001), but negatively correlated with fetal heart rate (r=-0.568~-0.581, P＜0.001). In-observer and inter-observer repeatability tests showed that the three Doppler methods had good repeatability (ICC＞0.80).

All the three Doppler methods are feasible and reproducible in measuring fetal heart AV values; normal fetal AV values in the second and third trimesters are affected by gestational age, fetal heart area, and fetal heart rate, and there are differences in AV values measured by different methods. Therefore, choosing an appropriate method to measure the fetal AV time and understanding the difference between the measured values by different methods are very important in clinical work and have very important significance.

To investigate the prenatal ultrasound characteristics and perform prognostic evaluation of fetal ovarian cysts.

The gestational age, size, and echo characteristics of 19 cases of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Haidian District in Beijing from January 2015 to December 2019 were analyzed, and the prognosis was evaluated.

The changes of size for 12 cases of simple cysts and 4 cases of complex cysts had a shrinking trend. The diameters of 18 cases of fetal ovarian cysts reached the maximum in 30~33 weeks. Except one case of complex fetal ovarian cyst with torsion of the pedicle that was excised after birth, 14 cases of simple cyst and 4 cases of complex cyst resolved spontaneously before or after birth in one year.

The size of fetal ovarian cysts and echo changes are the major determinants of perinatal outcome, and prenatal ultrasound monitoring of them can provide an accurate basis for guiding prenatal management and predicting the outcome after birth.

To investigate the classification of congenital cataract, and to analyze the clinical outcome of congenital cataract.

Sonographic features and clinical outcomes of four cases of congenital cataract diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound at Shenzhen Renai Hospital between January and December 2017 were analyzed.

Prenatal ultrasound indicated that one of the four cases had dense echogenic structure, which was type 1. One case of type 2 presented hyperechogenic spot in the lens. The "double ring" sign was found in 2 cases, which was type 3. Three cases were isolated cataract, and of which maternal TORCH screens were negative. One case was associated with cerebellar hemorrhage and fetal anemia, and umbilical cord blood test of rubella virus (IgM) was positive after induced labor. Clinical outcomes: the pregnancy was terminated in 2 cases, 1 case refused follow-up, and 1 case died after birth due to intrauterine hypoxia.

Congenital cataract is an abnormal disease of lens development. Prenatal ultrasound presents dense echogenic structure, hyperechogenic spot or "double ring" sign in the lens. Combined with detailed anatomical and etiological examination, it can provide more information for prenatal consultation and early referral and intervention treatment of congenital cataract after birth.

To retrospectively analyze the pregnancy outcome and prognosis of fetal lateral ventriculomegaly, analyze the consistency of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of lateral ventriculomegaly, and further explore the ultrasound cut-off value of the lateral ventricle for further clinical consultation.

A total of 100 consecutive singleton cases diagnosed by ultrasound with lateral ventriculomegaly or hydrocephalus at Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as an observation group. According to the width of the lateral ventricle, they were divided into a mild group (＞10 to ≤12 mm, 59 cases), moderate group (＞12 to ≤15 mm, 24 cases), and severe group ＞15 mm, 17 cases). The patients were also divided into an isolated ventriculomegaly (IVM) group (51 cases) or a non-isolated ventriculomegaly (NIVM) group (49 cases) according to whether or not they had other diseases. Another 141 consecutive singletons who had a width of the lateral ventricle of ＞8 mm to ≤10 mm were selected as a control group. The clinical, laboratory, and MRI data and pregnancy outcome were recorded. The χ² test was used to analyze the difference of pregnancy outcome and prognosis among the mild group, moderate group, severe group, and control group and the difference of abnormal pregnancy outcomes between the IVM and NIVM groups. The Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of ultrasound and MRI in the diagnosis of lateral ventriculomegaly. ROC curve was used to analyze the cut-off value of the ultrasound lateral ventricle.

The positive rates at birth in the mild group, moderate group, severe group, and control group were 6.5% (3/46) ,22.2% (2/9), 60.0% (3/5), and 5.5% (7/128), respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ²=22.148, P=0.001). The rate of abnormal pregnancy outcomes in the IVM and NIVM groups were 33.3% (17/51) and 63.3% (31/49), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=8.970, P=0.005). A total of 36 cases underwent prenatal and/or postnatal MRI examination. The coincidence rate of ultrasound was 77.8% (28/36), and the supplementary diagnosis rate of MRI was 19.4% (7/36). Ultrasound is generally consistent with MRI in the diagnosis of lateral ventriculomegaly (Kappa=0.543, P=0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that the diagnostic cut-off value of the lateral ventricle suggested by ultrasound was 9.7 mm.

The more severe the lateral ventriculomegaly, the worse the prognosis of the fetus. The prognosis of NIVM is worse than that of IVM. Ultrasound is generally consistent with MRI in the diagnosis of fetal lateral ventriculomegaly, and MRI has a higher detection rate for some types of abnormalities (such as cortex, white matter, and intracranial hemorrhage). Prenatal ultrasound is an important method for the diagnosis of lateral ventriculomegaly. Further prenatal consultation should be given when the width of the lateral ventricle measured by ultrasound is greater than 9.7 mm.

To explore the effects of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) simple rules used by non-gynecological sonographers in the evaluation of benign and malignant ovarian masses.

One hundred and eighty-two patients with ovarian tumors who were admitted to Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to October 2019 and had clear pathological results as the research subjects. All patients underwent color Doppler ultrasound examination within 3 days before the operation. The size, shape, internal echo, internal separation, and blood flow of the mass and the ascites of the patient were examined, and the images were stored. First, a non-gynecological ultrasound specialist determined the nature of the masses on images based on experience, and then the IOTA simple rules were used to re-determine the masses. A four-grid table was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for diagnosing the benign and malignant ovarian masses before and after the application of IOTA simple rules. The χ² test was used to compare the differences in the diagnostic accuracy for ovarian masses.

Ninety-two of the 182 cases of ovarian masse were judged to be benign before applying IOTA judgment, of which 80 were confirmed to be benign by pathology, 83 were judged to be malignant, of which 30 were confirmed to be malignant by pathology, and 7 were judged to be borderline, all of which were judged to be borderline by pathology. Before applying IOTA simple rules, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for diagnosing ovarian mass were 72.7%, 58.0%, 35.6%, 87.0%, and 61.5%, respectively. One hundred and forty-five of the 182 cases of ovarian masses were diagnosed to be benign using IOTA simple criteria, of which 133 were confirmed to be benign by pathology, 37 were diagnosed to be malignant, of which 29 were confirmed to be malignant by pathology, and there were no uncertain cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of using IOTA simple guidelines to diagnose ovarian masses were 72.7%, 96.4%, 86.5%, 91.7%, and 90.7%. The accuracy of using IOTA simple criteria to determine benign and malignant ovaries was significantly higher than that of not using (χ²=42.428, P＜0.001).

IOTA simple criteria have appreciated value in the assessment of benign and malignant ovarian masses, especially for sonographers who are not specialized in gynecology. IOTA simple criteria are a simple and feasible auxiliary method for judging benign and malignant ovarian masses.

To explore the value of automated cardiac motion quantification (aCMQ) in evaluating left ventricular systolic function in uremia patients with different durations of dialysis.

Fifty-two cases of uremia were selected at First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District from May 2018 to February 2019. They were divided into three groups according to the duration of hemodialysis. Group A consisted of 27 patients receiving dialysis for ≤ 3 years, group B consisted of 16 patients receiving dialysis for ＞ 3 years to less than 7 years, and group C consisted of 9 patients receiving dialysis for ＞ 7 years. A normal control group consisting of 60 subjects with no past history of heart and kidney disease was also included. M echocardiography was performed to estimate the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using the Teichholz method, and the X-Plane technique was used to collect four- and two-chamber view images of the heart for four cardiac cycles. Left ventricular end-diastole and left ventricular end-systole were recorded according to electrocardiogram, and the LVEF of the case group and control group was calculated by double plane Simpson method. The aCMQ was used to obtain left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS). Longitudinal strain of the left ventricle in apical four-chamber view, two-chamber view, and three-chamber view (LVAP4LS, LVAP2LS, and LVAP3LS) was obtained by aCMQ to analyze the changes of left ventricular long axis strain in uremia patients with different durations of dialysis. Analysis of variance was used for comparison among groups, and LSD-t test was used for pairwise comparison between groups.

The mean LVEF measured by the Teichholz method was (67.21±6.63)% in group A, (64.73±6.47)% in group B, (64.58±8.38)% in group C, and (67.02±3.62)% in control group. The mean LVEF measured by Simpson method was (64.71±4.93)% in group A, (64.08±6.02)% in group B, (63.91±7.49)% in group C, and (66.17±3.14)% in control group. There was no significant difference in LVEF between the case groups or between the case group and control group (P＞0.05 for all). The mean values of LVGLS measured by aCMQ were (-20.79±2.70)%, (-20.03±3.58)%, (-18.32±3.71)%, and (-24.39±2.05)% in groups A, B, C, and control group, respectively. The mean values of LVAP4LS during the systolic period were as follows: group A (-22.09±2.76)%, group B (-20.11±3.94)%, group C (-19.49±3.73)%, and control group (-24.61±2.37)%. The mean values of LVAP3LS during the systolic period were as follows: group A (-19.32±3.85)%, group B (-19.28±4.37)%, group C (-16.61±4.40)%, and control group (-23.53±6.18)%. The mean values of LVAP2LS during the systolic period were as follows: group A (-20.09±2.53)%, group B (-19.57±2.65)%, group C (-18.09±4.01%), and control group (-23.51±7.52)%. LVGLS, LVAP4LS, LVAP2LS, and LVAP3LS were significantly reduced in the case groups compared to the control group (group A vs control group: t=-5.949, -3.844, -6.117, and -4.863, P＜0.001 for all; group B vs control group: t=-5.883, -5.619, -5.036, and -4.650, P＜0.001 for all; group C vs control group: t=-6.541, -5.081, -6.130, and -4.854, P＜0.001 for all). The LVGLS, LVAP4LS, and LVAP3LS values of group A were significantly lower than those of group C (t=-2.493, -2.405, and -2.012; P=0.014, 0.018, and 0.047, respectively). The LVAP2LS value did not differ significantly between group A and group B or group C (P＞0.05), and between group B and group C (P＞0.05).

aCMQ can evaluate the abnormality of left ventricular systolic function in uremia patients with different durations of dialysis, which provides a new way for early prevention and treatment of heart failure.

To evaluate the clinical value of smart fetus (SF) technique, which includes smart fetus distinguishment and acquirement (SFDA) technique and smart fetus measurement (SFM) technique.

One thousand and five normal single fetuses between 16 and 41 weeks were selected at Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University from August 2018 to January 2019. The standard sections, including transverse section of the thalamus (A), transverse section of the abdomen (B), and longitudinal section of the femur (C) were obtained and growth parameters, including biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were measured by the SF and traditional technique, separately. Sixty fetuses were selected and measured for intra- and inter-observer repeatability analyses. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the time required for section and parameter acquirement; intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the agreement between the two techniques, and the accuracy of SF technique for section acquisition and growth parameter measurement was evaluated.

Compared with traditiond technique, the SF had a better intra- and inter-observer agreements. The intraclass correlation coefficients of the four growth parameters were 0.998, 0.995, 0.998, and 0.998, separately. According to the expert judgement, the successful rates of sections A, B, and C acquirement by SFDA technique were 98.0%, 99.1%, and 99.6%, separately, and the accuracy for BPD, HC, AC, and FL measurement was 100%, 100%, 99.5%, and 100%, separately. The times required to obtain sections and parameters or just make the measurements by SF were both shorter than those by the traditional technique [21.26 (5.24) s vs 52.24 (14.90) s, Z=-27.366, P<0.001; 2.78 (0.66) s vs 35.70 (8.25) s, Z=-27.352, P<0.001].

SF technique is an automatic and intelligent technique for fetal standard section acquirement and growth parameter measurement, having a very high successful rate for standard sections acquirement and extremely high accuracy for fetal growth parameter measurement. Furthermore, it can greatly reduce the amount of time required for prenatal ultrasound examination, representing an efficient and reliable technique in prenatal ultrasound examination.

To assess the prenatal features of focal nodular hyperplasia and to analyze its pregnancy outcome.

The data of six cases of focal nodular hyperplasia, including prenatal ultrasonographic manifestations, laboratory examination, and pregnancy outcome, were retrospectively analyzed at the 901st Hospital of PLA, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University from 2014 to 2019. The characteristics of sonograms and clinical guidelines were summarized.

In all the six cases of fetal focal nodular hyperplasia, prenatal ultrasound showed a hepatic hypoechoic mass, with a regular shape (mostly oval), clear boundary, and no obvious capsule, and Color Doppler flow imaging showed normal intrahepatic blood vessels in the mass. All six cases had full-term live births, of whom one was operated on 14 days after birth and confirmed by pathology. One case was lost to follow-up, and the remaining five cases were reexamined at the age of 0.5 and 1 years, and the lesions gradually shrank to disappear. No other abnormalities were found in the six fetuses.

Intrahepatic vascular passage is an important clue for prenatal ultrasonography in diagnosing focal nodular hyperplasia of the fetal liver.

To evaluate the application value of fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography in the acquisition and display of the critical section of common fetal conotruncal defects (CTD).

From January to September 2018, 65 fetuses with fetal CTD were diagnosed by fetal echocardiography at Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, including 31 fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), 24 with complete transposition of great arteries (TGA), and 10 with double-outlet right ventricle (DORV). Fetal cardiac spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) volume datasets were acquired with four-chamber cardiac section as the initial section. Then, the three-dimensional STIC volume data were analyzed with fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (FINE) analysis software, and the success rates of volume acquisition at different locations of the initial apex were compared. The success rates of fetal section acquisition and diagnostic coincidence rates for TOF, DORV, and TGA, and the overall results for all CTD fetuses were compared by rate or percentage, and the repeatability of FINE technique was analyzed by the chi-square test.

A total of 337 volumetric data were acquired at any position of the apex in 65 fetuses, of which 245 could be analyzed and 226 were successfully analyzed. The success rate was 92.24%. The coincidence rates for diagnoses of TOF, TGA, DORV, and CTD were 77.42%, 80.65%, 87.50%, and 87.50%, and 60.00%, 70.00%, 78.46%, and 81.54%, respectively, in the first time and one week later. A total of 207 volumetric data were acquired from group A (fetal apex located between the 11- and 1-o’clock positions), of which 192 could be analyzed and 182 were successfully analyzed, with a success rate of 94.79%. The diagnosis coincidence rates for TOF, TGA, DORV, and CTD in the first time and one week later were 94.12%, 88.24%, 93.75%, and 87.50%, and 66.67%, 66.67%, 89.74%, and 84.61%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the diagnosis coincidence rates in the first time and one week later (P>0.05).

FINE could be useful in the diagnosis of fetal CTD with high repeatability. It has important potentials in standardized fetal image acquisition and analysis, remote consultation, and training and teaching of fetal echocardiography.