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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2016, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (03) : 161 -164. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2016.03.001

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超声心动图在肺动脉高压诊治中的应用与展望
王浩1,(), 张茗卉1   
  1. 1. 100037 北京,北京协和医学院 中国医学科学院 国家心血管病中心 阜外医院超声影像中心
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-23 出版日期:2016-03-01
  • 通信作者: 王浩

Application and prospect of echocardiography in pulmonary artery hypertension

Hao Wang1(), Minghui Zhang1   

  • Received:2016-02-23 Published:2016-03-01
  • Corresponding author: Hao Wang
引用本文:

王浩, 张茗卉. 超声心动图在肺动脉高压诊治中的应用与展望[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2016, 13(03): 161-164.

Hao Wang, Minghui Zhang. Application and prospect of echocardiography in pulmonary artery hypertension[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2016, 13(03): 161-164.

表1 根据超声心动图特征进行PAH可能性分层的方法(改自ESC指南)
表2 结合PAH可能性评分和有无PAH临床高危因素决定诊治策略
表3 超声心动图与右心导管指标的对比
右心导管指标 超声心动图部分指标
上下腔静脉压力、血氧饱和度和氧分压 上腔静脉直径、心房收缩期反向波峰值速度/收缩期回心波峰值血流速度(ARV/SV)[6]肝中静脉ARV/(SV+舒张期回心波峰值血流速度)[7]下腔静脉直径、呼吸塌陷率
右心房、右心室压力和血氧饱和度 右心房面积(女性>15 cm2;男性>16 cm2)、右心房直径(最小径>44 mm,最大径>53 mm)、右心室壁厚(>5 mm)、右心室径(前后径>42 mm,长轴径>86 mm)、右心室前后径/左心室前后径(>1)[8]右心房压根据下腔静脉直径和呼吸塌陷率估算(3、5、10、15、20 mmHg)[9]
肺动脉收缩压、舒张压、平均压和血氧饱和度 肺动脉直径、右心室流出道时间速度积分(TVIRVOT)肺动脉收缩压(sPAP)=4V2(TRV)+心房压舒张压=4V2(舒张末期肺动脉反流速度)+心房压mPAP=4V2(肺动脉峰值反流速度)+心房压或=0.6×sPAP+2.1 mmHg[9]或=79-0.45×肺动脉血流加速时间或=90-0.62×肺动脉血流加速时间
心排血量、心指数 右心排血量=(右心舒张末容积-收缩末容积)×心率(没有分流的情况下)心指数=心排血量/体表面积
肺毛细血管楔压 肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)=1.9+1.24×E/e′
肺循环阻力 Abbas低阻公式(预计≤6 Wood单位):TRV/ TVIRVOT×10+0.16[10]Abbas高阻公式(预计>6 Wood单位):TRV2/ TVIRVOT×5.19-0.4[11]Opotowsky公式:sPAP/TVIRVOT+3(如果右心室流出道流频谱存在收缩中期切迹时)[12]Haddad公式(Wood单位/m2):sPAP/(TVIRVOT×心率)[13]
体循环阻力 80×(平均动脉压-中心静脉压)/心排血量
- 右心功能:TAPSE、Tei指数、右心室射血分数
- 左心功能:左心房容积指数、左心室偏心指数
- 心包积液
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