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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2017, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (07) : 506 -511. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2017.07.006

所属专题: 文献

头颈部超声影像学

颅内动脉侧枝循环对颈动脉内膜剥脱术安全性的预测
李娜1, 华扬1,(), 刘蓓蓓1, 周瑛华1, 张楠1, 杨洁1, 杜利勇1   
  1. 1. 100053 北京,首都医科大学宣武医院血管超声诊断科
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-26 出版日期:2017-07-01
  • 通信作者: 华扬

The prediction of the security of carotid endarterectomy by the assessment of cerebral collateral circulation

Na Li1, Yang Hua1,(), Beibei Liu1, Yinghua Zhou1, Nan Zhang1, Jie Yang1, Liyong Du1   

  1. 1. Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
  • Received:2017-03-26 Published:2017-07-01
  • Corresponding author: Yang Hua
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Hua Yang, Email:
引用本文:

李娜, 华扬, 刘蓓蓓, 周瑛华, 张楠, 杨洁, 杜利勇. 颅内动脉侧枝循环对颈动脉内膜剥脱术安全性的预测[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2017, 14(07): 506-511.

Na Li, Yang Hua, Beibei Liu, Yinghua Zhou, Nan Zhang, Jie Yang, Liyong Du. The prediction of the security of carotid endarterectomy by the assessment of cerebral collateral circulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2017, 14(07): 506-511.

目的

探讨经颅彩色多普勒超声(TCCD)联合经颅多普勒超声(TCD)对拟接受颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗的患者术前颅内侧枝循环的整体化评估对CEA安全性的预测价值。

方法

选取2013年1月至2015年11月因颈动脉狭窄接受CEA治疗患者共437例。根据TCCD联合TCD对颅内侧支循环的评估结果,分为单纯前交通动脉开放组(A组)、单纯后交通动脉开放组(B组)、前、后交通动脉均开放组(C组)及单纯颈内-外动脉侧枝开放或无交通动脉开放组(D组)。比较4组患者CEA术中颈动脉夹闭后及CEA血运重建后术侧大脑中动脉平均流速(MVMCA)及血管搏动指数(PIMCA)的变化率。

结果

CEA术中夹闭颈动脉后,4组患者术侧MVMCA、PIMCA下降率比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=43.737、9.298,P均<0.001),其中D组下降率明显高于其余3组,差异均有统计学意义(与A组比较:t=9.330607、0.488951;与B组比较:t=5.534661、2.797039;与C组比较t=10.0751、0.488951;P均<0.05)。颈动脉开放后,与麻醉后4组患者术侧MVMCA、PIMCA升高率比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=6.260、2.840,P均<0.05);与颈动脉夹闭时相比,4组患者术侧MVMCA升高率,差异有统计学意义(H=62.210,P<0.001),而4组间PIMCA升高率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),D组MVMCA升高率均明显高于其余3组(与A组比较:t=4.104773,与B组比较:t=2.190371,与C组比较:t=3.06337;P均<0.05)。4组患者脑过度灌注综合征(CHS)发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.255,P=0.004),D组CHS发生率明显高于A、C组(χ2=8.734、6.764,P均<0.01),无颅内侧枝循环是CHS发生的独立危险因素(OR=5.917,95%CI:1.325~26.415,P=0.02)。

结论

TCCD联合TCD对CEA术前患者颅内动脉侧枝循环的评估,对于预知术后CHS高危患者、提高CEA的成功率与安全性具有指导意义。

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate whether functional intracranial collateral circulation can predict the security of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) by transcranial doppler (TCD) combined with transcranial color code duplex (TCCD) preoperatively.

Methods

A total of 437 patients with carotid stenosis undergone CEA surgeries from January 2013 to November 2015 were included in this study. According to the functional intracranial collateral artery via TCD and TCCD, patients were divided into four groups: (A) anterior communicative artery (ACoA) (B) posterior communicative artery (PCoA) (C) both ACoA and PCoA and (D) external-internal carotid artery (E-ICA) or no communicative artery. Velocities and the pulsatility index (PI) of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MVMCA) were compared among the four groups during clamping and de-clamping period.

Results

After clamping, there were significant difference of decreasing scale of MVMCA and PIMCA among the four groups (F=43.737, P<0.001; F=9.298, P<0.001), especially for the group D (t=9.330607, 0.488951, t=5.534661, 2.797039, t=10.0751, 0.488951; all P<0.005). After de-clamping, compared with the baseline, there were also significant difference of increasing scale of MVMCA and PIMCA among the four groups (F=6.260, 2.840, all P<0.05); compared with clamping, there were also significant difference of increasing scale of MVMCA among the four groups (H=62.210, P<0.001), the increasing scale of MVMCA for group D was significant higher than the other three groups (t=4.104773, 2.190371, 3.06337, all P<0.005). However, there was no differences of increasing scale of PIMCA among the four groups (P>0.05). The occurrence of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) were in significant differences (χ2=13.255, P=0.004) among the four groups. Higher occurrence rate of CHS was found in group D compared with groups A and C (H=8.734, 6.764, all P<0.01). Insufficient intracranial collateral circulation was an independent risk factor for CHS (OR=5.917, 95%CI: 1.325-26.415, P=0.02).

Conclusion

The evaluation of intracranial collateral circulation with TCD combined with TCCD can help to predict potential risk of CHS preoperatively, and improve the safety of CEA.

图1~6 患者男性,67岁,左侧颈内动脉狭窄70%~99%术前TCCD与DSA检查结果。图1为TCCD检查显示左侧大脑前动脉血流方向逆转(与同侧MCA一致,箭头所示),提示前交通动脉开放;图2为TCCD频谱多普勒检测逆转左侧大脑前动脉血流频谱(箭头所示);图3为DSA示检查右侧颈动脉正位像造影成像,左侧MCA及双侧ACA均同时显像,证实TCCD的检查结果,提示前交通动脉开放,右侧颈内动脉同时向双半球供血;图4为TCCD显示左侧后交通动脉开放(箭头所示);图5为TCD显示颈动脉压迫实验时大脑后动脉血流频谱变化(箭头所示,大脑后动脉血流速度进一步升高);图6为DSA影像提示左侧椎动脉侧位像显示后交通动脉开放,后循环向前循环供血,证实TCCD结果
表1 A、B、C、D组患者的一般临床资料比较
表2 A、B、C、D组患者夹闭颈动脉后MCA血流动力学参数下降率比较(%,±s
表3 A、B、C、D组患者颈动脉开放后与麻醉后MCA血流动力学参数升高率比较(%)
表4 A、B、C、D组患者颈动脉开放后与夹闭后MCA血流动力学参数升高率比较(%,±s
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