探讨外周神经鞘瘤的超声表现，提高超声对外周神经鞘瘤的诊断准确率。

回顾性分析2012年6月至2018年9月在江苏大学附属人民医院接受超声检查并经手术病理证实的43例神经鞘瘤病例，二维超声检查记录肿块位置、数量、大小、形态、边界、内部回声，观察肿块与神经和周围组织的关系；彩色多普勒血流检测肿块内部及周边血流情况，采用χ²检验分析并找出有统计学有意义的声像图特征。

共43例神经鞘瘤，分布于颈部6例，手部7例，上肢10例，腋窝3例，下肢9例，足踝5例，躯干3例；神经鞘瘤大部分超声表现为椭圆或纺锤形、实性为主、边界清晰、血流信号较少，当出现"鼠尾征"、"靶环征"、周围神经出入征及血管伴行征这4项超声图像特点时，诊断正确率明显提高，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=18.942、22.462、15.940、5.824，P均<0.05）；本研究中超声明确诊断神经源性肿块20例，23例误诊，误诊率53.5%。

高频超声在诊断外周神经鞘瘤中有重要的价值。

To investigate the sonographic findings of schwannomas to improve its diagnostic accuracy.

We retrospectively analyzed 43 patients with schwannomas who underwent ultrasound examination at our hospital from June 2012 to September 2018. All of cases were confirmed by pathology. Sonographic findings, including tumor location, number, size, morphology, boundary, and internal echo were recorded. The relationship between the mass and nerves and surrounding tissues was observed. The blood supply of tumors was also recorded.

There were 43 cases of schwannoma, including 6 cases in the neck, 7 in the hands, 10 in the upper limbs, 3 in the armpits, 9 in the lower limbs, 5 in the foot, and 3 in the trunk. Most of the schwannomas were oval and solid, and had a clear boundary and less blood flow signal. The four characteristics on ultrasound images, including rat tail sign, target sign, entering-and-exiting-nerve sign, and vascular accompanying sign, significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. Only 20 cases were diagnosed correctly by ultrasound, and 23 cases were misdiagnosed, with a misdiagnosis rate of 53.5%.

High-frequency ultrasound has great diagnostic value in schwannomas.