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中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

中华医学超声杂志（电子版） ›› 2021, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06) : 534 -542. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2021.06.002

所属专题： 总编推荐； 指南共识；

专家共识

新生儿及婴儿颅脑超声专家共识
中国医药教育协会超声医学专业委员会儿童超声学组, 中华医学会儿科学分会超声医学筹备学组   
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-30 出版日期:2021-06-01

Expert consensus on neonatal and infant craniocerebral ultrasound

Children Medical Ultrasound Group of Ultrasound Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Education Association, Ultrasound Medicine Professional Group of Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association   

  • Received:2021-03-30 Published:2021-06-01
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中国医药教育协会超声医学专业委员会儿童超声学组, 中华医学会儿科学分会超声医学筹备学组. 新生儿及婴儿颅脑超声专家共识[J]. 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）, 2021, 18(06): 534-542.

Children Medical Ultrasound Group of Ultrasound Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Education Association, Ultrasound Medicine Professional Group of Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Expert consensus on neonatal and infant craniocerebral ultrasound[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2021, 18(06): 534-542.

表1 新生儿及婴儿颅脑超声推荐意见分级方案
分级 具体涵义
推荐强度

A

 强烈推荐

B

 推荐

C

 可选
证据级别

Ⅰ级

 基于一项或多项设计良好的随机对照临床试验和（或）队列研究结果

Ⅱ级

 基于一项或多项具有一致性的前瞻性或回顾性队列研究或病例对照研究结果

Ⅲ级

 基于临床经验或专家建议
图1 新生儿和婴儿颅脑超声三方位扫查示意图。图中1为冠状切面；2为矢状切面；3为水平切面
图2 颅脑超声经前囟冠状面扫查图。经前囟冠状面扫查示意图中a~g分别表示经前囟冠状面不同扫查方向的7个切面；图a~g分别对应示意图中切面a~g（a为大脑额叶切面；b为侧脑室前角切面；c为侧脑室室间孔切面；d为侧脑室室间孔偏后切面；e为四叠体池和小脑切面；f为侧脑室三角区切面；g为脑枕叶切面）；图b1、b2分别为侧脑室前角切面大脑中动脉彩色多普勒血流图、大脑中动脉脉冲多普勒流速曲线
图3 颅脑超声经前囟矢状面扫查图。经前囟矢状面扫查示意图中a~c分别表示经前囟矢状面不同扫查方向的3个切面；图a~c分别对应示意图中切面a~c（a为正中矢状切面；b为旁矢状切面；c为脑岛切面）；图a1~a4分别为正中矢状切面大脑前动脉彩色多普勒血流图、大脑前动脉脉冲多普勒流速曲线、大脑大静脉脉冲多普勒流速曲线、直窦脉冲多普勒流速曲线
图4 颅脑超声经颞囟颅中窝扫查图。经颞囟颅中窝扫查示意图中a、b分别表示经颞囟颅中窝不同扫查方向的2个切面；图a、b分别对应示意图中切面a、b（a为丘脑基底核水平切面；b为大脑脚水平切面）；图a1、a2分别为丘脑基底核水平切面彩色多普勒颅底动脉环、大脑中动脉（水平段）脉冲多普勒流速曲线
图5 颅脑超声经乳突囟后颅窝扫查图。经乳突囟后颅窝扫查示意图中a~c分别表示经乳突囟后颅窝不同扫查方向的3个切面；图a~c分别对应示意图中切面a~c（a为上蚓部水平切面；b为第四脑室水平切面；c为下蚓部水平切面）
图6 颅脑超声测量图。图a为测量前角内径（图a1中黄色直线为前角内径）；图b为测量第三脑室横径（图b1中黄色直线为第三脑室横径）；图c为测量侧脑室体部内径（图c1中黄色直线为侧脑室体部内径）和丘-枕距（图c2中黄色直线为丘-枕距）
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