切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (12) : 1191 -1196. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2021.12.012

头颈部超声影像学

颈动脉多普勒超声对锁骨下动脉窃血综合征与后循环缺血的评估
孔丽娟1, 惠品晶1,(), 丁亚芳1, 胡春洪2, 刘一之3   
  1. 1. 215006 苏州大学附属第一医院颈脑血管超声科
    2. 215006 苏州大学附属第一医院医学影像科
    3. 215006 苏州大学附属第一医院介入科
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-08 出版日期:2021-12-01
  • 通信作者: 惠品晶
  • 基金资助:
    2017年江苏省干部保健科研项目(BJ17010); 2018年苏州市民生科技关键技术应用研究(SS201859)

Evaluation of subclavian steal syndrome and posterior circulation ischemia by carotid Doppler ultrasonography

Lijuan Kong1, Pinjing Hui1,(), Yafang Ding1, Chunhong Hu2, Yizhi Liu3   

  1. 1. Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
    2. Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
    3. Department of Interventional, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
  • Received:2020-09-08 Published:2021-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Pinjing Hui
引用本文:

孔丽娟, 惠品晶, 丁亚芳, 胡春洪, 刘一之. 颈动脉多普勒超声对锁骨下动脉窃血综合征与后循环缺血的评估[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2021, 18(12): 1191-1196.

Lijuan Kong, Pinjing Hui, Yafang Ding, Chunhong Hu, Yizhi Liu. Evaluation of subclavian steal syndrome and posterior circulation ischemia by carotid Doppler ultrasonography[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2021, 18(12): 1191-1196.

目的

探讨锁骨下动脉中-重度狭窄或闭塞时,颈动脉多普勒超声(CDU)对患侧椎动脉窃血类型与后循环缺血关系的评估。

方法

回顾性纳入2017年1月至2020年7月于苏州大学附属第一医院脑卒中中心,经CDU及数字减影血管造影(DSA)证实的锁骨下动脉中-重度狭窄或闭塞患者共163例,所有患者均行头颅磁共振成像(MRI)检查及美国卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。根据CDU检查的患侧椎动脉窃血类型,将163例患者分为Ⅰ型(隐匿型窃血)51例,Ⅱ型(部分型窃血)70例和Ⅲ型(完全型窃血)42例。CDU评估窃血类型并与DSA对照;分析锁骨下动脉不同程度狭窄与椎动脉窃血类型的相关性以及不同椎动脉窃血类型患者的脑梗死发生率。

结果

CDU与DSA评估椎动脉窃血类型比较:Ⅰ型(51例 vs 0例);Ⅱ型(70例 vs 53例);Ⅲ型(42例 vs 42例)。锁骨下动脉不同程度狭窄与椎动脉窃血类型的关系:46例锁骨下动脉中度狭窄患者中,CDU评估Ⅰ型窃血36例(78.3%,36/46);Ⅱ型窃血10例(21.7%,10/46);Ⅲ型窃血0例。83例锁骨下动脉重度狭窄患者中,CDU评估Ⅰ型窃血15例(18.1%,15/83);Ⅱ型窃血60例(72.3%,60/83);Ⅲ型窃血8例(9.6%,8/83)。34例锁骨下动脉闭塞患者中,CDU评估均为Ⅲ型窃血。锁骨下动脉狭窄程度与椎动脉窃血类型呈正相关(rs=0.802,P<0.001)。CDU评估的不同窃血类型与后循环缺血的关系:Ⅰ型患者均表现为短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA),脑梗死发生率为0(0/51),NIHSS评分均<10分;Ⅱ型患者脑梗死发生率为28.6%(20/70),NIHSS评分≥10分者占4.3%(3/70);Ⅲ型患者脑梗死发生率为52.4%(22/42),NIHSS评分≥10分者占16.7%(7/42)。Ⅰ~Ⅲ型患者脑梗死发生率逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(H=33.337,P<0.001)。

结论

随着患侧椎动脉窃血类型进展,其脑梗死发生率逐渐升高,CDU能够早期、无创、实时动态、准确评估锁骨下动脉窃血综合征,为临床个体化治疗提供依据。

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between the type of vertebral artery steal and posterior circulation ischemia by carotid Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) in the case of moderate to severe subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion.

Methods

A total of 163 patients with moderate to severe subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion confirmed by CDU and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at the Stroke Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2017 to July 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score evaluation. According to the type of vertebral artery steal on the affected side of patients examined by CDU, 163 patients were divided into type Ⅰ (latent type; 51 cases), type Ⅱ (partial type; 70 cases), and type Ⅲ (complete type; 42 cases) cases. CDU was used to assess the type of blood steal and compared with DSA findings to analyze the correlation between different degrees of subclavian artery stenosis and the type of vertebral artery steal, and the incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with different types of vertebral artery steal.

Results

The results of CDU and DSA in evaluating the types of vertebral artery steal were: type Ⅰ (51 vs 0); type Ⅱ (70 vs 53); type Ⅲ (42 vs 42). Among 46 patients with moderate subclavian artery stenosis, 36 (78.3%, 36/46), 10 (21.7%, 10/46), and 0 were evaluated by CDU as having type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ blood steal, respectively. Among 83 patients with severe stenosis of SA, 15 (18.1%, 15/83), 60 (72.3%, 60/83), and 8 (9.6%, 8/83) were evaluated by CDU as having type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ blood steal, respectively. All 34 patients with SA occlusion were evaluated by CDU as having type Ⅲ blood steal. The degree of subclavian artery stenosis was not completely consistent, but positively correlated, with the type of vertebral artery steal (rs=0.802, P<0.001). All patients with type Ⅰ showed transient ischemic attack (TIA), the incidence of cerebral infarction was 0 (0/51), and the NIHSS score was <10. The incidence of cerebral infarction in type Ⅱ patients was 28.6% (20/70), and those with an NIHSS score ≥10 accounted for 4.3% (3/70). The incidence of cerebral infarction in type Ⅲ patients was 52.4% (22/42), and those with an NIHSS score ≥10 accounted for 16.7% (7/42). There was a significant difference in the incidence of cerebral infarction in type Ⅰ~Ⅲ patients (H=33.337, P<0.001).

Conclusion

With the development of the type of blood steal from the affected vertebral artery, the incidence of cerebral infarction gradually increases. CDU allows for early, noninvasive, real-time, dynamical, and accurate evaluation of subclavian artery blood steal syndrome, so as to provide a basis for clinical individualized treatment.

表1 不同窃血类型患者一般临床资料比较[例(%)]
图1 患者,男性,52岁,头晕1年,颈动脉多普勒超声(CDU)、数字减影血管造影(DSA)及磁共振成像(MRI)检查图像。图a为CDU图像示右侧锁骨下动脉重度狭窄(箭头所示),多普勒血流频谱示右侧锁骨下动脉狭窄处收缩期峰值流速(PSV)为471 cm/s,舒张期末流速(EDV)为72.4 cm/s;图b为CDU图像示患侧椎动脉血流方向正常,但收缩期呈切迹样血流频谱(箭头所示),为Ⅰ型即隐匿型窃血;图c为DSA示右侧锁骨下动脉重度狭窄(箭头所示);图d为头颅MRI的扩散加权成像(DWI)示后循环未见明显梗死灶
图2 患者,女性,60岁,眩晕、呕吐1 d,颈动脉多普勒超声(CDU)、数字减影血管造影(DSA)及磁共振成像(MRI)检查图像。图a为CDU图像示左侧锁骨下动脉重度狭窄(箭头所示),多普勒血流频谱示左侧锁骨下动脉狭窄处收缩期峰值流速(PSV)为690 cm/s,舒张期末流速(EDV)为131 cm/s;图b为CDU图像示患侧椎动脉收缩期血流方向逆转,舒张期血流方向正常,呈现双向“振荡”血流频谱(箭头所示),为Ⅱ型即部分型窃血;图c为DSA示左侧锁骨下动脉重度狭窄(箭头所示);图d为头颅MRI的扩散加权成像(DWI)示脑干区可见点状梗死灶(箭头所示)
图3 患者,男性,74岁,言语障碍伴行走不稳1 d,颈动脉多普勒超声(CDU)、数字减影血管造影(DSA)及磁共振成像(MRI)检查图像。图a为CDU图像示右侧锁骨下动脉闭塞(箭头所示),局部管腔内无血流信号;图b为CDU图像示患侧椎动脉收缩期及舒张期血流方向完全逆转,为Ⅲ型即完全型窃血,与同侧颈总动脉血流方向不一致(箭头所示);图c为DSA示右侧锁骨下动脉闭塞(箭头所示);图d为头颅MRI的扩散加权成像(DWI)示右侧脑干及双侧小脑多发梗死灶(箭头所示)
表2 CDU与DSA评估VA窃血类型比较[例(%)]
表3 不同程度SA狭窄患者其VA窃血类型比较[例(%)]
表4 不同窃血类型患者的TIA与脑梗死发生率[例(%)]
1
王陇德. 国家卫生健康委脑卒中防治工程委员会. 中国脑卒中防治指导规范(合订本) [M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018: 4-51.
2
郭琳佳, 刘文宏. 后循环缺血的研究进展 [J]. 中华老年心脑血管病杂志, 2015, 17(12): 1332-1336.
3
Merwick A, Werring D. Posterior circulation ischaemic stroke [J]. BMJ, 2014, 348: g3175.
4
刘丰, 韩巨. 后循环缺血的诊断和急性期治疗的研究进展 [J]. 中风与神经疾病杂志, 2016, 33(11): 1048-1050.
5
张淑君, 石磊. 大脑后循环缺血临床表现和治疗研究进展 [J]. 陕西中医, 2018, 39(5): 675-677.
6
邹昕颖, 龚浠平, 潘岳松, 等. 前、后循环系统脑梗死危险因素和预后的对比研究 [J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2016, 11(9): 773-777.
7
刘雪云, 胡小伟, 蔡秀英, 等. 后循环缺血早期识别的研究进展 [J]. 临床神经病学杂志, 2018, 31 (2): 151-154.
8
Blanco PJ, Müller LO, Watanabe SM, et al. Computational modeling of blood flow steal phenomena caused by subclavian stenoses [J]. J Biomech, 2016, 49(9): 1593-1600.
9
Potter BJ, Pinto DS. Subclavian steal syndrome [J]. Circulation, 2014, 129(22): 2320-2323.
10
国家卫生计生委脑卒中防治工程委员会. 中国脑卒中血管超声检查指导规范 [J/CD]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2015, 12(8): 599-610.
11
李秋萍, 华扬, 王力力, 等. 椎动脉狭窄性病变对锁骨下动脉盗血程度的影响 [J/CD]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版). 2015, 12(9): 702-706.
12
Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, et al. Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction [J]. Lancet, 1991, 337(8756): 1521-1526.
13
短暂性脑缺血发作中国专家共识组. 短暂性脑缺血发作的中国专家共识更新版(2011年) [J/OL]. 中华危重症医学杂志(电子版), 2012, 5(2): 100-105.
14
Wilterdink JL, Bendixen B, Adams HPJr, et al. Effect of prior aspirin use on stroke severity in the trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) [J]. Stroke, 2001, 32(12): 2836-2840.
15
赵晓晶, 李群喜, 张丽, 等. 八种量表对急性脑梗死近期死亡的预测价值 [J]. 临床神经病学杂志. 2014, 27(3): 172-175.
16
Rafailidis V, Li X, Chryssogonidis I, et al. Multimodality imaging and endovascular treatment options of subclavian steal syndrome [J]. Can Assoc Radiol, 2018, 69(4): 493-507.
17
Kim JS, Nah HW, Park SM, et a1. Risk factors and stroke mechanisms in atherosclerotic stroke:intracranial compared with extracranial and anterior compared with posterior circulation disease [J]. Stroke, 2012, 43(12): 3313-3318.
18
李静, 华扬, 周福波, 等. 锁骨下动脉狭窄合并椎动脉狭窄的窃血类型分析 [J/CD]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2019, 16(10): 768-773.
19
Kargiotis O, Siahos S, Safouris A, et a1. Subclavian steal syndrome with or without arterial stenosis: a review [J]. J Neuroimaging, 2016, 26(5): 473-480.
20
Chen SP, Hu YP, Fan LH, et a1. Completely reversed flow in the vertebral artery does not always indicate subclavian steal phenomenon [J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2014, 40(6): 1072-1082.
21
许敬华, 雷建明, 汤亚男, 等. 锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者椎动脉颅内段与颅外段盗血频谱的差异性分析 [J/CD]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2014, 11(11): 899-903.
[1] 魏淑婕, 惠品晶, 丁亚芳, 张白, 颜燕红, 周鹏, 黄亚波. 单侧颈内动脉闭塞患者行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术的脑血流动力学评估[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1046-1055.
[2] 刘欢颜, 华扬, 贾凌云, 赵新宇, 刘蓓蓓. 颈内动脉闭塞病变管腔结构和血流动力学特征分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 809-815.
[3] 张莲莲, 惠品晶, 丁亚芳. 颈部血管超声在粥样硬化斑块易损性评估中的应用价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 816-821.
[4] 马艳波, 华扬, 刘桂梅, 孟秀峰, 崔立平. 中青年人颈动脉粥样硬化病变的相关危险因素分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 822-826.
[5] 王珏, 陈赛君, 贲志飞, 詹锦勇, 徐开颖. 剪切波弹性成像联合极速脉搏波技术评估颈动脉弹性对糖尿病性视网膜病变的预测价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(06): 636-641.
[6] 刘建龙, 张子轩, 徐圣杰, 张蕴鑫. 颈动脉爆裂综合征发生机制与治疗的研究进展[J]. 中华损伤与修复杂志(电子版), 2023, 18(05): 434-437.
[7] 何彬, 王静. 彩色多普勒超声血流参数、血清尿酸、胱抑素C对短暂性脑缺血发作患者颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值[J]. 中华神经创伤外科电子杂志, 2023, 09(05): 289-294.
[8] 宁丽娜, 熊杰. 醒脑开窍针刺法结合舌部针刺治疗脑梗死后构音障碍的疗效观察[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志, 2023, 12(04): 146-150.
[9] 丁晶, 李培雯, 许迎春. 醒脑开窍针刺法在神经急重症中的应用[J]. 中华针灸电子杂志, 2023, 12(04): 161-164.
[10] 朱敏, 李法强. 血清GFAP、UCH-L1联合VILIP-1水平对急性脑梗死神经功能预后不良的预测研究[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 452-457.
[11] 王俊杰, 尹晓亮, 刘二腾, 陆军, 祁鹏, 胡深, 杨希孟, 陈鲲鹏, 张东, 王大明. 机器学习对预测颈内动脉非急性闭塞患者血管内再通术成功的潜在价值[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 464-470.
[12] 李秦鹏, 王其涛, 朱媛媛, 周琦, 刘笑言, 许勇. 颈动脉彩色多普勒超声、颈部CT血管成像及脑部CT灌注成像在脑梗死并发颈动脉狭窄患者中的应用研究[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 482-488.
[13] 邱甜, 杨苗娟, 胡波, 郭毅, 何奕涛. 亚低温治疗脑梗死机制的研究进展[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 518-521.
[14] 杨洋, 闫盛, 陈作观, 吴志远, 刁永鹏, 高擎, 陈跃鑫, 郑月宏, 李拥军. 补片式颈动脉内膜剥脱术与外翻式颈动脉内膜剥脱术长期随访结果比较[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(04): 337-343.
[15] 李安, 张秀萍, 白波, 赵阳, 薛国芳, 李东芳. 主动脉夹层术后并发神经系统并发症二例及文献复习[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(04): 373-378.
阅读次数
全文


摘要