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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (10) : 1094 -1098. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.10.016

综述

支气管肺发育不良相关性肺动脉高压及超声心动图评估的研究进展
李恬姿, 梁穗新, 许娜()   
  1. 518038 深圳市儿童医院超声科
    518038 深圳市儿童医院新生儿科
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-11 出版日期:2023-10-01
  • 通信作者: 许娜

Research progress on pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and echocardiography evaluation

Tianzi Li, Suixin Liang, Na Xu()   

  • Received:2022-08-11 Published:2023-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Na Xu
引用本文:

李恬姿, 梁穗新, 许娜. 支气管肺发育不良相关性肺动脉高压及超声心动图评估的研究进展[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1094-1098.

Tianzi Li, Suixin Liang, Na Xu. Research progress on pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and echocardiography evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(10): 1094-1098.

支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)是早产儿最常见的呼吸系统疾病之一。1967年,Northway等首次提出这一概念,称为“经典型BPD”或“旧BPD”,患儿的胎龄和出生体重相对大且多合并呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS),其病理特征是表面活性剂缺乏和通气损伤导致的弥漫性肺实质纤维化。在过去的几十年里,随着产前类固醇激素的使用、肺泡表面活性物质的应用,以及肺通气策略的改善等,BPD的表现形式发生了改变,称为“新型BPD”,主要发生在胎龄和出生体重较小的不成熟早产儿中。发生“新型BPD”的早产儿表现为肺泡数目减少、体积增大、结构简化和囊泡化以及肺微血管形态异常。目前,临床上应用最广泛的是2001年由美国国立儿童健康和人类发展研究所(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,NICHD)发布的BPD的诊断标准:出生后氧依赖[吸入氧浓度(fraction of inspiration O2,FiO2)>21%]持续超过28 d,并根据校正胎龄36周或出生56 d氧依赖程度将其分为轻、中、重度。最近的一项研究表明,我国超早产儿中BPD的发病率约为74%。

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