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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (12) : 1271 -1275. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.12.009

小儿超声影像学

儿童先天性右肺动脉异常的超声心动图诊断及漏误诊分析
王秋莲1, 张莹1, 李春敏1, 耿斌2,()   
  1. 1. 030013 太原,山西省儿童医院 山西省妇幼保健院超声科
    2. 100029 首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院儿童心血管病中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-30 出版日期:2023-12-01
  • 通信作者: 耿斌

Diagnosis of congenital right pulmonary artery anomalies in children by transthoracic echocardiography and causes of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis

Qiulian Wang1, Ying Zhang1, Chunmin Li1, Bin Geng2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Children's Hospital, Shanxi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
    2. Children's Cardiovascular Disease Centre, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2023-05-30 Published:2023-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Bin Geng
引用本文:

王秋莲, 张莹, 李春敏, 耿斌. 儿童先天性右肺动脉异常的超声心动图诊断及漏误诊分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(12): 1271-1275.

Qiulian Wang, Ying Zhang, Chunmin Li, Bin Geng. Diagnosis of congenital right pulmonary artery anomalies in children by transthoracic echocardiography and causes of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(12): 1271-1275.

目的

探讨经胸超声心动图对儿童先天性右肺动脉异常的诊断价值,总结漏诊与误诊原因。

方法

回顾性选取2020年12月至2023年3月在山西省儿童医院超声科行超声心动图检查,并经CT血管造影(CTA)检查和手术证实的右肺动脉异常患儿5例为研究对象。对5例患儿的手术诊断结果以及超声图像和诊断结果进行总结分析。

结果

5例右肺动脉异常患儿中,右肺动脉缺如(ARPA)1例,右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉(AORPA)4例。5例右肺动脉异常患儿中首诊超声漏误诊1例,漏诊右肺动脉异常,误诊为粗大动脉导管未闭;漏诊2例,均漏诊AORPA和主-肺动脉间隔缺损(APSD)。单纯性AORPA 2例首诊超声诊断正确;合并心内畸形3例,术前超声心动图结合CTA均正确诊断。

结论

经胸超声心动图可以较准确地诊断右肺动脉异常及其合并心内畸形,但容易漏诊和误诊。加强胸骨旁高位大动脉切面的扫查以及超声医师对此类疾病的认识,有助于提高经胸超声心动图对右肺动脉异常的诊断率。

Objective

To assess the diagnostic value of transthoracic echocardiography for congenital right pulmonary artery anomalies in children, and to summarise the reasons for their missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.

Methods

Five children with right pulmonary artery anomalies who underwent transthoracic echocardiography at the Department of Ultrasound of Shanxi Children's Hospital from December 2020 to March 2023 were included in this study. The anomalies of the five children were confirmed by CT angiography (CTA) examination or surgery. The surgical diagnoses, ultrasound images, and diagnostic results were then analysed.

Results

Among the five cases of right pulmonary artery anomalies, one was identified as right pulmonary artery agenesis, while the remaining four were identified as right pulmonary artery anomalies originating from the ascending aorta (AORPA). Out of the five cases of right pulmonary artery anomalies, right pulmonary artery anomaly was misdiagnosed as coarse arterial ductus arteriosus by initial ultrasound in one case AORPA and aortopulmonary artery septal defect were missed in two cases. simple AORPA was correctly diagnosed by initial ultrasound in two cases, and combined intracardiac malformations were correctly diagnosed by preoperative echocardiography combined with CTA in three cases.

Conclusion

Transthoracic echocardiography can more accurately diagnose right pulmonary artery anomalies and the combined intracardiac malformations. However, it is prone to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Scanning in high parasternal aortic views and enhancing the understanding of the anomalies can help improve the diagnosis rate of right pulmonary artery anomalies by transthoracic echocardiography.

图1 右肺动脉异常患儿超声心动图及CT血管造影(CTA)图像(病例1)。图a~d为超声心动图图像,图a为高位大动脉短轴切面未显示右肺动脉,主肺动脉直接延续为左肺动脉;图b为高位大动脉短轴切面基础上调整扇面重点显示动脉导管未闭,彩色多普勒显示其内血流方向;图c为调整扇面后同时显示左肺动脉、动脉导管未闭;图d为无名动脉根部冠状切面显示一侧支血管连接右肺动脉远端,向右肺供血;图e~f为CTA图像,图e示动脉导管弓和主动脉弓均与降主动脉相连,无名动脉根部可见一侧支血管(即右位动脉导管)与右肺动脉远端相连,该侧支血管有狭窄及窄后扩张;图f示主动脉弓降部连续,无名动脉根部可见狭窄且窄后扩张的右位动脉导管与右肺动脉远端相连 注:AO为主动脉;PA为肺动脉;AAO为升主动脉;MPA为主肺动脉;LPA为左肺动脉;RPA为右肺动脉;PDA为动脉导管未闭;ARH为主动脉弓;INA为无名动脉;LSCA为左锁骨下动脉;LCJA为左颈总动脉;LPDA为左位动脉导管未闭;RPDA为右位动脉导管未闭
图2 右肺动脉异常患儿超声心动图及CT血管造影(CTA)图像(病例2)。图a~c为超声心动图图像,图a为高位大动脉短轴切面基础上调整扇面显示主-肺动脉间隔缺损,右肺动脉开口向右上移位,起自升主动脉侧并与左肺动脉开口位于同一水平,即“蝴蝶征”;图b为高位大动脉短轴切面仅显示左肺动脉和动脉导管未闭;图c为主动脉弓长轴切面显示升主动脉走行陡直,左锁骨下动脉以远弓降部连续性中断,彩色多普勒显示动脉导管内血流流向降主动脉;图d~f为CTA图像,图d示典型的“蝴蝶征”;图e重点显示主-肺动脉间隔缺损;图f为心脏正面观,显示右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉后壁向右肺走行、主动脉弓与降主动脉不连续 注:AO为主动脉;AAO为升主动脉;PA为肺动脉;LPA为左肺动脉;RPA为右肺动脉;APSD(APW)为主-肺动脉间隔缺损;ARH为主动脉弓;DAO为降主动脉;INA为无名动脉;LCJA为左颈总动脉;LSCA为左锁骨下动脉;PDA为动脉导管未闭
表1 5例右肺动脉异常患儿基本信息
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