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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (10) : 1074 -1080. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.10.012

小儿超声影像学

先天性原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图诊断
张宝富, 俞劲(), 叶菁菁, 俞建根, 马晓辉, 刘喜旺   
  1. 310052 杭州,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院超声科
    310052 杭州,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院心脏外科
    310052 杭州,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院放射科
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-10-01
  • 通信作者: 俞劲
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(LGF22H180002)

Echocardioimagedata diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous connection caused by congenital malposition of the septum primum

Baofu Zhang, Jin Yu(), Jingjing Ye, Jiangen Yu, Xiaohui Ma, Xiwang Liu   

  1. Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
    Department of Cardiac Surgery, the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
    Department of Radiology, the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
  • Received:2022-09-26 Published:2023-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Jin Yu
引用本文:

张宝富, 俞劲, 叶菁菁, 俞建根, 马晓辉, 刘喜旺. 先天性原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图诊断[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1074-1080.

Baofu Zhang, Jin Yu, Jingjing Ye, Jiangen Yu, Xiaohui Ma, Xiwang Liu. Echocardioimagedata diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous connection caused by congenital malposition of the septum primum[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(10): 1074-1080.

目的

分析原发隔异位(MSP)型肺静脉异位引流(APVC)的超声心动图诊断特点,以期为临床手术提供更多的信息。

方法

回顾性收集2015年1月至2022年4月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院经心脏外科手术或CTA证实的21例MSP型APVC患儿的临床资料及超声心动图表现,分析纳入患儿的一般资料、合并畸形、超声心动图特征、误诊情况及外科手术和随访情况。

结果

21例MSP型APVC患儿中完全性肺静脉异位引流(TAPVC)8例、部分性肺静脉异位引流(PAPVC)13例;1例合并多脾综合征。超声心动图表现为肺静脉均开口于解剖左心房的后壁,继发隔发育不良或缺失,原发隔不同程度的偏移导致部分或全部的肺静脉血液引流至解剖右心房。超声首诊正确诊断18例(18/21,85.7%),误诊3例,分别为:1例MSP型TAPVC误诊为三房心合并PAPVC,1例MSP型PAPVC误诊为TAPVC合并继发孔房间隔缺损(ASD),1例MSP型PAPVC误诊为继发孔ASD。20例患儿经心脏外科手术治疗,术后随访4~69个月(平均34个月),所有患儿均预后良好。

结论

超声心动图能正确诊断MSP型APVC及其合并的心内畸形,有助于手术方式的合理选择,提高手术治疗成功率。

Objective

To analyze the echocardioimagedata features of anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC) caused by malposition of the septum primum (MSP) in order to provide more information for clinical surgical treatment of this disease.

Methods

The clinical data and echocardioimagedata manifestations of 21 patients with APVC caused by MSP confirmed by cardiac surgery or computed tomography angiography at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2015 and April 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the general information, comorbidities, echocardioimagedata features, misdiagnosis, surgical procedures, and follow-up data of the included children were analyzed.

Results

Among the 21 patients included, 8 had total anomalous and 13 had partial APVC directly to the right atrium; 1 case was complicated with polysplenia syndrome. The absent of the superior limbic band of the septum secundum was revealed by echocardiography. The four pulmonary veins were connected with the posterior wall of the anatomical left atrium, which became totally or partially incorporated into the right atrium because of leftward displacement of the septum primum. Eighteen cases (18/21, 85.7%) were correctly diagnosed by echocardiography. Three cases were misdiagnosed as cor triatriatum combined with partial APVC, total APVC combined with ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASD), and ostium secundum ASD, respectively. Twenty patients were treated by cardiac surgery. The follow-up period ranged from 4~69 months (mean, 34 months) after the operation, and all patients were alive and doing well.

Conclusion

Echocardiography can correctly diagnose APVC caused by MSP and other intracardiac malformations, which is helpful for the rational selection of surgical methods and the improvement of the success rate of surgical treatment.

表1 21例原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流患儿临床资料、超声心动图、CTA及手术结果
病例序号 年龄 性别 超声心动图表现 CTA表现 手术结果
1 12天 MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PLSVC,TR,PH - MSP,TAPVC,SPMD
2 7个月23天 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
3 1岁3个月 CT,PAPVC,ASD(Ⅱ),TR,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD
4 6天 MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PDA,TR,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PDA,ARSA MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PDA
5 1个月13天 MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD
6 2个月2天 MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD
7 4个月10天 MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,COA,TR,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,COA,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,COA
8 6个月28天 MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD
9 3个月22天 TAPVC,ASD(Ⅱ),PDA,PLSVC,TR,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,PDA,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,PDA
10 7岁1个月 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH - MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
11 1岁1个月 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR,PLSVC - MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
12 3岁11个月 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
13 4个月28天 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR MSP,PAPVC,SPMD MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
14 1岁3个月 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH - MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
15 3岁3个月 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH - MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
16 10个月18天 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
17 2个月3天 MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,TAPVC,SPMD
18 6个月19天 MSP,PAPVC,RSPVS,SPMD,TR,PH MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,PH MSP,PAPVC,RSPVS,SPMD
19 4岁11个月 ASD(Ⅱ),TR - MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
20 7天 MSP,PAPVC,PS(LAI,AVSD,PDA,COA,ⅡVC,AzVD PLSVC,TR,PH) MSP,PAPVC,PS(LAI,AVSD,PDA,COA,ⅡVC,AzVD PLSVC,PH) -
21 1个月23天 MSP,PAPVC,SPMD,TR MSP,PAPVC,SPMD MSP,PAPVC,SPMD
图1 原发隔异位型完全性肺静脉异位引流CT血管造影(CTA)及超声图像。图a为超声心动图胸骨旁四腔心切面显示原发隔明显左移(红色箭头所示),继发隔上边缘带缺如(红色星号所示),导致左、右肺静脉全部回流入右心房;图b为CTA图像显示继发隔上边缘带缺如(红色星号所示),原发隔明显左移(红色箭头所示),所有肺静脉回流入右心房 注:LA为左心房;LPV为左肺静脉;LV为左心室;RA为右心房;RPV为右肺静脉;RV为右心室
图2 原发隔异位型右侧肺静脉异位引流CT血管造影(CTA)及超声图像。图a为超声心动图胸骨旁四腔心切面显示原发隔左移(红色箭头所示),继发隔上边缘带缺如(红色星号所示),右侧肺静脉回流入右心房;图b为CTA图像显示继发隔上边缘带缺如(红色星号所示),原发隔左移(红色箭头所示)附着于左、右肺静脉间,右侧肺静脉回流入右心房 注:LA为左心房;LPV为左肺静脉;LV为左心室;RA为右心房;RPV为右肺静脉;RV为右心室
图3 原发隔异位型右上肺静脉异位引流CT血管造影(CTA)及超声图像。图a为经食管超声心动图显示原发隔左移(红色箭头所示),继发隔上边缘带缺如(红色星号所示),导致右上肺静脉回流入右心房;图b为CTA图像显示继发隔上边缘带缺如(红色星号所示),原发隔左移(红色箭头所示)附着于右上、右下肺静脉间,右上肺静脉回流入右心房 注:LA为左心房;LPV为左肺静脉;LV为左心室;RA为右心房;RIPV为右下肺静脉;RSPV为右上肺静脉;RV为右心室;SPMD为原发隔异位型缺损;SVC为上腔静脉
图4 原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流与继发孔房间隔缺损超声图像对比。图a为原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流超声心动图剑突下两房心切面显示原发隔明显左移(红色箭头所示),继发隔上边缘带缺如(红色星号所示);图b为继发孔房间隔缺损超声心动图剑突下两房心切面显示房间隔未发生移位,上腔静脉口和右心房交界处的继发隔组织存在(红色星号所示) 注:ASD为房间隔缺损;LA为左心房;RA为右心房;SPMD为原发隔异位型缺损
图5 原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流外科手术所见。手术切开右心房,发现连接继发隔的心房后上缘光滑,未见继发隔组织,房间隔向左侧移位,右肺静脉回流入右心房 注:MSP为原发隔异位;RPV为右侧肺静脉
图6 原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流术后复查超声心动图,心尖四腔心切面显示房间隔重建至正常位置(红色箭头所示),4支肺静脉均汇入解剖左心房,肺静脉血流通畅 注:LA为左心房;LPV为左肺静脉;LV为左心室;RA为右心房;RPV为右肺静脉;RV为右心室
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