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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (09) : 907 -913. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.09.014

综述

超声诊断克罗恩病的现状及进展
姜丹1, 李志强2, 王晓霞3, 薛恒2, 赵博2, 付鹏2, 崔立刚2, 苗立英2, 朱诗玮2,()   
  1. 1. 100191 北京大学第三医院超声科;056000 河北邯郸,邯郸市第二医院超声医学科
    2. 100191 北京大学第三医院超声科
    3. 056000 河北邯郸,邯郸市第二医院超声医学科
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-02 出版日期:2024-09-09
  • 通信作者: 朱诗玮

Progress in ultrasound diagnosis of Crohn's disease

Dan Jiang, Zhiqiang Li, Xiaoxia Wang, Heng Xue, Bo Zhao, Peng Fu, Ligang Cui, Liying Miao, Shiwei Zhu()   

  • Received:2024-02-02 Published:2024-09-09
  • Corresponding author: Shiwei Zhu
引用本文:

姜丹, 李志强, 王晓霞, 薛恒, 赵博, 付鹏, 崔立刚, 苗立英, 朱诗玮. 超声诊断克罗恩病的现状及进展[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(09): 907-913.

Dan Jiang, Zhiqiang Li, Xiaoxia Wang, Heng Xue, Bo Zhao, Peng Fu, Ligang Cui, Liying Miao, Shiwei Zhu. Progress in ultrasound diagnosis of Crohn's disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2024, 21(09): 907-913.

图1 超声显示正常人及克罗恩病患者的肠壁结构。图a:正常人肠壁五层结构;图b:克罗恩病患者肠壁结构,肠壁增厚,层次显示不清晰,以黏膜及黏膜下层或者固有肌层增厚为主
图2 克罗恩病活动期肠壁血流的超声成像。图a:活动期肠壁彩色多普勒成像;图b:活动期肠壁超微血管成像;图c:肠壁活动期超声增强造影检查表现
表1 克罗恩病不同时期超声造影的增强模式
图3 肠充盈超声造影检查图像。图a:结肠超声造影检查(充盈剂为胃窗声学造影剂);图b:小肠超声造影检查(充盈剂为聚乙二醇溶液)
表2 克罗恩病的超声综合定性/定量评估方案
评估方案 分级标准 备注
Limberg评分[6] 0级:正常肠壁厚度 目前多采用PDI评估肠壁
1级:肠壁增厚,无明显血流信号 血流信号
2级:肠壁增厚,点状或短条样血流信号
3级:肠壁增厚,长条样血流信号
4级:肠壁增厚,与肠系膜相连的长条状血流信号
超声疾病整体活动性评估法[7] 无:BWT<4mm,无明显血流信号,肠周炎性脂肪与正常肠系膜脂肪相似 在Limberg评分基础上增加肠周炎性脂肪病变范围
轻度:BWT4~6mm,点状或短条状血流信号,肠周炎性脂肪横断面呈团块状,弱回声,小于病变肠段范围
中度:BWT6~8mm,较长血流信号,肠周炎性脂肪横断面呈团块状,稍高回声,与病变肠段范围相似
重度:BWT>8mm,与肠系膜血管相连的长条状血流信号,肠周炎性脂肪横断面呈团块状,显著高回声,大于病变肠段范围
超声综合评分(UCS)方法[29] 对称性(S1):对称0分,不对称1分; UCS=S1+S2+S3+S4+S5+S6
肠周脂肪回声(S2):不增强0分,增强1分;
Limberg型(S3):0、1、2型评0分,3、4型评1分;
肠壁分层(S4):清晰0分,欠清晰1分,不清晰2分;
肠壁回声(S5):高回声黏膜下层厚度小于低回声黏膜肌层的厚度评0分,高回声黏膜下层厚度与低回声黏膜肌层厚度相近评1分,高回声黏膜下层厚度大于低回声黏膜肌层厚度评2分;
BWT(S6):评分=N分(取0.5分截断值),N为BWT的舍入值(例:BWT=3.1mm时,N=3;BWT=3.6m时,N=4)
超声活动指数[30] A型=可压缩性和蠕动能力下降,收缩功能丧失,但未见肠壁增厚(<4mm)=1分 将每个节段划分为A~C型或正常型(0分),计算所有节段评分之和即为超声活动指数
B型=病理性肠壁增厚和BWS存在=2×(壁厚-2)
C型=病理性肠壁增厚和BWS丧失=4×(壁厚-2)
将整个肠道分为8段:十二指肠、空肠、回肠、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠、乙状结肠和直肠
国际肠超声节段活动性评分(IBUS-SAS)[12] BWT:正常为≤3mm,不确定为不适用该测量方法,活动性为>3mm; IBUS-SAS(0~100分)=4×BWT+15×i-fat+7×CDFI+4×BWS
i-fat:正常为0分,不确定为1分,活动性为2分;
CDFI:正常为0分,不确定为1分(肠内短信号),活动性为2分(肠内长信号),肠内肠外长信号评3分;
BWS:正常为0分,不确定为1分,存在BWS(≤3cm)为活动性评2分,广泛BWS(>3cm)评3分
超声造影评分[7] 峰值强度<18.2dB为无活动性,18.2~22.9dB为轻度至中度,>22.9dB为中度至重度 通过超声造影量化参数与灰度超声检查结果结合使用,以确定疾病状态
图4 超声检查显示克罗恩病相关并发症。图a:箭头所指为狭窄僵硬的肠管;图b:经阴道内造影可以清晰显示瘘的形态及位置(◇所示为肠管,△所示为瘘管,+所示为阴道);图c:经直肠及会阴扫查可见低回声瘘管(△所示为瘘管);图d:肠管旁边的脓肿(虚线所示);图e:肠管旁边的蜂窝织炎(虚线所示)
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