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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (12) : 1097 -1105. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.12.001

心血管超声影像学

四维自动左心房定量技术评价射血分数保留型心力衰竭合并阵发性心房颤动患者的左心房结构和功能
胡昕1, 马丹珂1, 杨曼曼1, 王烁晶1, 崔存英2, 刘琳1, 王成增1,()   
  1. 1 450052 郑州,郑州大学第一附属医院超声医学科,河南省慢病防治与智慧健康管理重点实验室
    2 451464 郑州,郑州大学华中阜外医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 出版日期:2025-12-01
  • 通信作者: 王成增
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82572251); 河南省科技研发计划联合基金(222301420014)

Four-dimensional automatic left atrial quantification technology for evaluating left atrial structure and function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Xin Hu1, Danke Ma1, Manman Yang1, Shoujing Wang1, Cunying Cui2, Lin Liu1, Chengzeng Wang1,()   

  1. 1 Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapy & Intelligent Health Management, Zhengzhou 450052, China
    2 Department of Ultrasound, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 451464, China
  • Received:2025-10-29 Published:2025-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Chengzeng Wang
引用本文:

胡昕, 马丹珂, 杨曼曼, 王烁晶, 崔存英, 刘琳, 王成增. 四维自动左心房定量技术评价射血分数保留型心力衰竭合并阵发性心房颤动患者的左心房结构和功能[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(12): 1097-1105.

Xin Hu, Danke Ma, Manman Yang, Shoujing Wang, Cunying Cui, Lin Liu, Chengzeng Wang. Four-dimensional automatic left atrial quantification technology for evaluating left atrial structure and function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(12): 1097-1105.

目的

应用四维自动左心房定量(4D Auto LAQ)技术评价射血分数保留型心力衰竭(HFpEF)合并阵发性心房颤动(以下简称房颤)患者的左心房结构和功能,探讨左心房重构与HFpEF患者发生房颤的相关性。

方法

收集2023年12月至2024年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院就诊的HFpEF患者109例,根据是否合并阵发性房颤分为阵发性房颤组40例和无房颤组69例。收集所有入选患者临床资料,测量二维、彩色多普勒、组织多普勒等超声参数,应用4D Auto LAQ技术获取左心房容积和应变参数[左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房最大容积指数(LAVImax)、左心房收缩前容积(LAVpreA)、左心房每搏量(LAEV)、左心房总射血分数(LAEF)、左心房储备期纵向及圆周应变(LASr、LASr-c)、左心房管道期纵向及圆周应变(LAScd、LAScd-c)和左心房收缩期纵向及圆周应变(LASct、LASct-c)],采用两独立样本t检验比较2组间参数的差异。应用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析左心房参数对HFpEF合并阵发性房颤的总体诊断效果,并计算最佳截断值。采用Logistic回归模型分析左心房参数与HFpEF患者发生阵发性房颤的相关性。

结果

与无房颤组HFpEF患者相比,阵发性房颤组患者的LAVmin、LAVImax、LAVpreA均增大[(64.08±16.44)ml vs(36.67±15.68)ml;(51.68±11.56)ml/m2vs(38.13±10.38)ml/m2;(71.93±16.80)ml vs(50.17±16.99)ml],差异均具有统计学意义(t=-6.610、-6.297、-5.660,P均<0.001)。LAEV、LAEF、LASr、LASr-c、LAScd、LAScd-c、LASct、LASct-c的绝对值均降低[(20.93±6.44)ml vs(27.26±9.28)ml;(25.23±7.88)% vs(43.55±9.70)%;(6.78±3.42)% vs(14.41±4.15)%;(7.60±4.25)% vs(21.25±9.59)%;(-4.93±3.08)% vs (-8.65±3.46)%;(-4.93±3.38)% vs (-10.14±5.60)%;(-1.90±3.39)vs(-5.81±3.26);(-2.83±3.24)% vs(-11.72±5.89)%],差异均具有统计学意义(t=3.813、10.161、9.839、-7.413、-5.632、-5.352、-5.947、-8.831,P均<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,LASr识别HFpEF合并阵发性房颤的曲线下面积(AUC)最大(AUC=0.928,95%CI:0.875~0.980,P<0.001),最佳截断值为8.5%,敏感度为72.5%,特异度为97.1%。Logistic回归模型分析显示,在调整临床和其他超声心动图参数后,LASr与HFpEF患者发生阵发性房颤独立相关(OR=0.340,95%CI=0.137~0.847,P=0.011)。

结论

4D Auto LAQ技术测量所得的LASr与HFpEF患者发生阵发性房颤独立相关。

Objective

To evaluate left atrial structure and function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) using four-dimensional automated left atrial quantification (4D Auto LAQ) technology, and to explore the correlation between LA remodeling and AF in HFpEF patients.

Methods

A total of 109 HFpEF patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2023 to December 2024 were enrolled and divided into a paroxysmal AF group (n=40) and a non-AF group (n=69). Clinical data were collected, and echocardiographic parameters (2D, color Doppler, and tissue Doppler) were measured. 4D Auto LAQ was applied to obtain LA volumetric and strain parameters [left atrial minimum volume (LAVmin), left atrial maximum volume index (LAVImax), left atrial pre-systolic volume (LAVpreA), left atrial stroke volume (LAEV), left atrial total ejection fraction (LAEF), left atrial systolic longitudinal and circumferential strain (LASr/LASr-c), left atrial pipeline longitudinal and circumferential strain (LAScd/LAScd-c), and left atrial systolic longitudinal and circumferential strain (LASct/LASct-c)]. Differences in these parameters between the two groups were assessed using the t-test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the overall diagnostic efficacy of left atrial parameters for HFpEF combined with paroxysmal AF and calculate the optimal cut-off value. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the correlation between left atrial parameters and the occurrence of paroxysmal AF in patients with HFpEF.

Results

Compared to the non-AF group, the paroxysmal AF group showed increased LAVmin, LAVImax, and LAVpreA [(64.08±16.44) ml vs (36.67±15.68) ml; (51.68±11.56) ml/m2vs (38.13±10.38) ml/m2; (71.93±16.80) ml vs (50.17±16.99) ml], and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6.610, -6.297, and -5.660, respectively, all P<0.001). The absolute values of LAEV, LAEF, LASr, LASr-c, LAScd, LAScd-c, LASct, and LASct-c were all decreased [(20.93±6.44) ml vs (27.26±9.28) ml; (25.23±7.88)% vs (43.55±9.70)%; (6.78±3.42)% vs (14.41±4.15)%; (7.60±4.25)% vs (21.25±9.59)%; (-4.93±3.08)% vs (-8.65±3.46)%; (-4.93±3.38)% vs (-10.14±5.60)%; (-1.90±3.39) vs (-5.81±3.26); (-2.83±3.24)% vs (-11.72±5.89)%; all P<0.001). LASr demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance for identifying HFpEF with paroxysmal AF (area under the curve [AUC]=0.928, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.875-0.980, P<0.001), with an optimal cutoff value of 8.5%, sensitivity of 72.5%, and specificity of 97.1%. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that LASr was independently associated with paroxysmal AF in HFpEF patients after adjusting for clinical and other echocardiographic parameters (odds ratio=0.340, 95%CI: 0.137-0.847, P=0.011).

Conclusion

The LASr measured by 4D Auto LAQ technology is independently associated with the presence of paroxysmal AF in patients with HFpEF.

图1 四维自动左心房定量分析(4D Auto LAQ)技术评价射血分数保留型心力衰竭患者和阵发性房颤者左心房容积和应变参数。图a:无房颤者(男性,65岁),LAVmin为40 ml,LAVmax为74 ml,LAVpreA为55 ml,LAVImax为43 ml/m2,LAEV为34 ml,LAEF为46%,LASr为16%,LAScd为-10%,LASct为-5%,LASr-c为21%,LAScd-c为-11%,LASct-c为-10%图b:阵发性房颤患者(男性,68岁),LAVmin为61 ml,LAVmax为83 ml,LAVpreA为75 ml,LAVImax为63 ml/m2,LAEV为22 ml,LAEF为26%,LASr为8%,LAScd为-3%,LASct为-5%,LASr-c为10%,LAScd-c为-5%,LASct-c为-5% 注:LAVmin为左心房最小容积;LAVmax为左心房最大容积;LAVpreA为左心房收缩前容积;LAVImax为左心房最大容积指数;LAEV为左心房每搏量;LAEF为左心房射血分数;LASr为左心房储存期纵向应变;LAScd为左心房导管期纵向应变;LASct为左心房收缩期纵向应变,LASr-c为左心房储存期圆周应变,LAScd-c为左心房导管期圆周应变,LASct-c为左心房收缩期圆周应变
表1 HFpEF患者无房颤组与合并阵发性房颤组一般临床资料比较
项目 无房颤组(69例) 阵发性房颤组(40例) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
±s
62.99±11.40 71.75±7.84 t=-4.740 <0.001
男性/女性(例) 33/36 16/24 χ2=0.627 0.429
体质量指数[kg/m2MQ1Q3)] 1.72(1.60,1.87) 1.66(1.55,1.86) Z=-1.267 0.205
心率(次/min,
±s
72.29±11.708 76.53±11.856 t=-1.799 0.076
收缩压(mmHg,
±s
138.19±22.660 132.83±18.685 t=1.267 0.208
舒张压(mmHg,
±s
77.61±14.974 78.93±11.720 t=-0.477 0.634
NYHA III/IV级[例(%)] 35(50.7) 32(80.0) χ2=9.163 0.002
NT-proBNP[pg/ml,MQ1Q3)] 660.00(304.50,932.00) 1234.00(788.50,2948.25) Z=-4.212 <0.001
肌酐[mg/ml,MQ1Q3)] 85.00(67.00,199.50) 81.50(65.25,92.50) Z=-1.959 0.055
eGFR[ml/min,MQ1Q3)] 63.00(21.14,91.36) 75.12(61.08,89.75) Z=-1.641 0.101
房颤病程[年,MQ1Q3)] - 2.88(1.67,4.09) - -
高血压[例(%)] 47(68.1) 28(70.0) χ2=0.042 0.838
糖尿病[例(%)] 22(31.9) 4(10.0) χ2=6.676 <0.001
慢性肾病[例(%)] 20(29.0) 3(7.5) χ2=7.021 0.008
卒中病史[例(%)] 15(21.7) 7(17.5) χ2=0.081 0.776
高脂血症[例(%)] 10(15.4) 4(10.0) χ2=0.243 0.622
β受体阻滞剂[例(%)] 45(65.2) 25(62.5) χ2=0.081 <0.001
钙离子通道阻滞剂[例(%)] 33(47.8) 15(37.5) χ2=1.096 0.295
血管紧张素酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂[例(%)] 48(69.6) 27(67.5) χ2=0.050 0.823
他汀类药物[例(%)] 61(88.4) 33(82.5) χ2=0.744 0.388
抗凝药[例(%)] 14(20.3) 39(97.5) χ2=60.426 <0.001
抗血小板聚集抑制剂[例(%)] 50(72.5) 21(52.5) χ2=4.444 0.035
袢利尿剂[例(%)] 41(59.4) 32(80.0) χ2=4.848 0.028
噻嗪类利尿剂[例(%)] 5(7.2) 2(5.0) χ2=0.003 0.956
醛固酮受体拮抗剂[例(%)] 28(41.8) 25(62.5) χ2=4.297 0.038
表2 HFpEF患者无房颤组与合并阵发性房颤组常规参数比较
表3 HFpEF患者无房颤组与合并阵发性房颤组四维自动左心房定量分析参数比较(
±s
表4 ROC曲线分析四维自动左心房定量分析参数识别HFpEF合并阵发性房颤的检验效能
表5 应用四维自动左心房定量分析技术获得HFpEF患者左心房参数的重复性检验
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