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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (04) : 354 -359. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.011

心血管超声影像学

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者左心房/左心室内径比值与左心室流出道梗阻程度的相关性研究
徐博1, 郭瀚琳2, 雷常慧2, 李静2, 周一丁3, 拓胜军2, 段维勋1, 赵荣1, 刘金成1, 刘丽文2,()   
  1. 1. 710032 西安,空军军医大学第一附属医院心脏大血管外科
    2. 710032 西安,空军军医大学第一附属医院超声科
    3. 710032 西安,空军军医大学航空航天医学系
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 刘丽文
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82230065)

Correlation between left atrial/left ventricular diameter ratio and degree of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Bo Xu1, Hanlin Guo2, Changhui Lei2, Jing Li2, Yiding Zhou3, Shengjun Tuo2, Weixun Duan1, Rong Zhao1, Jincheng Liu1, Liwen Liu2,()   

  1. 1. Department of Cardiac Vascular Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (Xijing Hospital), Xi'an 710032, China
    2. Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (Xijing Hospital), Xi'an 710032, China
    3. Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
  • Received:2024-12-11 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Liwen Liu
引用本文:

徐博, 郭瀚琳, 雷常慧, 李静, 周一丁, 拓胜军, 段维勋, 赵荣, 刘金成, 刘丽文. 梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者左心房/左心室内径比值与左心室流出道梗阻程度的相关性研究[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(04): 354-359.

Bo Xu, Hanlin Guo, Changhui Lei, Jing Li, Yiding Zhou, Shengjun Tuo, Weixun Duan, Rong Zhao, Jincheng Liu, Liwen Liu. Correlation between left atrial/left ventricular diameter ratio and degree of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(04): 354-359.

目的

探讨梗阻性肥厚型心肌病(HOCM)患者左心房/左心室内径比值与左心室流出道(LVOT)梗阻程度的相关性。

方法

这是一项回顾性观察性研究。连续纳入2021 年1 月至2023 年12 月空军军医大学附属西京医院就诊的HOCM 患者364 例,收集患者人口统计学参数以及24 h 肱动脉血压参数。采用超声心动图测量室间隔基底最大室间隔厚度(MIVS)、二尖瓣前瓣叶(AML)和后瓣叶(PML)长度、二尖瓣闭合点与室间隔距离(CS)、左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVi)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVi)、左心室舒张末期左心房前后径(LAD)和左心室前后径(LVD),计算左心房/左心室内径比值(LAD/LVD),同时记录二尖瓣前向运动(SAM)征以及E/e’,采用连续多普勒超声测量LVOT 静息压差(LVOTPG-r)以及采用运动负荷超声心动图测量LVOT 负荷压差(LVOTPG-p)。分析静息和运动负荷LVOT 压差与各参数的相关性。

结果

Pearson相关性分析显示,LVOTPG-r 自然对数值[ln(LVOTPG-r)]与年龄(r =0.240,P<0.001)、MIVS(r =-0.224,P<0.001)、AML(r =0.135,P =0.010)、LAD/LVD(r =0.195,P<0.001)、LVESVi(r =0.113,P =0.031)以及E/e’(r =0.195,P<0.001)呈线性相关;Spearman 相关性分析显示,ln(LVOTPG-r)与性别(r=0.191,P<0.001)和SAM 征分级(r=0.343,P<0.001)呈线性相关。多变量线性回归分析显示,LAD/LVD 与ln(LVOTPG-r)独立相关(P =0.008)。Pearson 相关性分析显示,LVOTPG-p 自然对数值[ln(LVOTPG-p)]与年龄(r =0.128,P<0.001)、平均肱动脉舒张压(r =-0.127,P =0.015)、心率(r =0.104,P =0.048)、MIVS(r =-0.210,P<0.001)、AML(r =0.116,P =0.027)、PML(r =0.184,P<0.001)、LAD/LVD 比值(r =0.195,P<0.001)以及E/e’(r =0.201,P<0.001)呈线性相关;Spearman 相关性分析显示,ln(LVOTPG-p)与性别(r =0.125,P =0.017)和SAM 征分级(r =0.296,P<0.001)呈线性相关。多变量线性回归分析显示,LAD/LVD 与ln(LVOTPG-p)独立相关(P =0.017)。

结论

无论是静息还是运动负荷状态,HOCM 患者LAD/LVD 与LVOT 梗阻程度存在一定的相关关系,提示临床需要充分考虑HOCM 患者房室不成比例对LVOT 梗阻的贡献,以制定合理的治疗方案以及预后评估策略。

Objective

To investigate the correlation between left atrial/ventricular diameter ratio(LAD/LVD) and the degree of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

Methods

A total of 364 HOCM patients in Xijing Hospital were continuously enrolled.The demographic parameters and 24-hour brachial artery blood pressure parameters of the patients were collected.The following parameters were obtained using transthoracic echocardiography:maximum septal thickness (MIVS) at the base of the septum, length of anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and posterior mitral leaflet (PML), coaptation point of the leaflets and the septum (CS), left ventricular enddiastolic volume index (LVEDVi), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi), left ventricular enddiastolic left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVD), and left atrial/ ventricular diameter ratio (LAD/LVD).SAM and E/e' were recorded as well.LVOT resting gradient (LVOTPG-r) was measured by continuous Doppler and LVOT provoking gradient (LVOTPG-p) was measured by exercise stress echocardiography.The correlation between LAD/LVD and LVOTPG-r and LVOTPG-p was analyzed.

Results

Pearson correlation analysis showed that natural logarithm LVOTPG-r [ln(LVOTPG-r)] was linearly correlated with age (r =0.240, P<0.001), MIVS (r =-0.224, P<0.001), AML (r =0.135, P =0.010),LAD/LVD ratio (r =0.195, P <0.001), LVESVi (r =0.113, P =0.031), and E/e' (r =0.195, P <0.001).Spearman's correlation analysis showed that ln(LVOTPG-r) was linearly correlated with gender (r =0.191,P<0.001) and SAM classification (r =0.343, P<0.001).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, MIVS, AML, SAM classification, LVESVi, and E/e', the LAD/LVD ratio was independently correlated with ln(LVOTPG-r) (P =0.008).Pearson correlation analysis showed that natural logarithm LVOTPG-p [ln(LVOTPG-p)] was linearly correlated with age (r =0.128, P<0.001), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r =-0.127, P =0.015), heart rate (HR) (r =1.04, P =0.048), MIVS (r =-0.210,P<0.001), AML (r =0.116, P =0.027), PML (r =0.184, P<0.001), LAD/LVD ratio (r =0.195, P<0.001),and E/e' (r =0.201, P<0.001).Spearman's correlation analysis showed that ln(LVOTPG-p) was linearly correlated with gender (r =0.125, P =0.017) and SAM classif ication (r =0.296, P<0.001).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, mean DBP, HR, MIVS, AML, PML, and E/e',the LAD/LVD ratio was independently correlated with ln(LVOTPG-p) (P =0.017).

Conclusion

There is an independent correlation between the LAD/LVD and the degree of LVOT obstruction in patients with HOCM,whether at rest or under exercise state.This suggests that clinicians need to fully consider the contribution of LAD/LVD ratio to LVOT obstruction in patients with HOCM, in order to develop reasonable treatment plans and prognostic evaluation strategies.

表1 不同LAD/LVD 比值的3 组HOCM 患者的临床资料比较(±s
临床资料 LAD/LVD ≤ 0.89 组(n=122) 0.89 <LAD/LVD< 1.0组(n=132) LAD/LVD≥ 1.0 组(n=110) 统计值 P0 P1 P2 P3
性别[ 男,例(%)] 88(72.1) 84(63.6) 62(56.4) χ 2=6.966 0.030 0.148 0.250 0.016
年龄(岁) 43.85±13.61 48.64±11.94 50.38±13.46 F=8.062 < 0.001 0.011 < 0.001 0.901
BSA(m2 1.80±0.22 1.79±0.21 1.75±0.18 F=1.691 0.186 - - -
BMI(kg/m2 25.32±3.66 25.74±3.83 24.95±3.00 F=1.532 0.218 - - -
平均SBP(mmHg) 119.19±16.50 117.88±16.63 117.52±19.02 F=1.535 0.217 - - -
平均DBP(mmHg) 69.62±10.85 70.00±11.43 68.43±11.30 F=0.640 0.528 - - -
平均HR(次/min) 69.62±10.85 70.00±11.43 68.43±11.64 F=2.941 0.054 - - -
MIVS(mm) 24.29±5.91 24.15±5.26 24.42±5.45 F=0.073 0.930 - - -
AML(mm) 27.41±4.81 26.79±4.64 27.00±5.09 F=0.523 0.593 - - -
PML(mm) 17.60±4.55 17.07±4.07 17.37±4.41 F=0.468 0.627 - - -
SAM 征Ⅲ级[ 例(%)] 48(39.3) 62(47.0) 67(60.9) χ 2=13.166 0.040 0.220 0.001 0.060
CS(mm) 12.84±2.37 12.05±2.10 11.96±2.43 F=5.420 0.005 0.007 0.029 1.000
LVOTPG-r[mmHg,MQR)] 72.0(39.5) 82.0(48.0) 91.0(46.8) H=14.155 0.001 0.064 < 0.001 0.048
LVORPG-p[mmHg,MQR)] 104.0(60.5) 117.0(71.0) 125.0(67.8) H=12.744 0.002 0.012 0.001 0.265
LVEDVi(ml) 44.00±8.73 43.86±8.84 43.62±8.89 F=0.055 0.946 - - -
LVESVi(ml) 18.74±4.39 17.31±4.29 17.35±4.65 F=4.113 0.017 0.032 0.052 1.000
LVEF(%) 59.38±4.48 59.83±3.87 59.87±5.00 F=0.464 0.629 - - -
E/e’ 15.41±6.75 16.75±5.70 17.44±6.26 F=3.605 0.028 0.212 0.028 1.000
表2 LVOTPG-r 与临床指标的多变量线性回归分析
表3 LVOTPG-p 与临床指标的多变量线性回归分析
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