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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (06) : 490 -496. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2026.06.008

小儿超声影像学

儿童移植肾动脉狭窄的多普勒超声评估
刘明, 潘福顺†()   
  1. 510080 广州,中山大学附属第一医院超声医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2026-06-01
  • 通信作者: 潘福顺
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515110660)

Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of transplant renal artery stenosis in pediatric patients

Ming Liu, Fushun Pan†()   

  1. Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • Received:2025-08-20 Published:2026-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Fushun Pan
引用本文:

刘明, 潘福顺. 儿童移植肾动脉狭窄的多普勒超声评估[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2026, 23(06): 490-496.

Ming Liu, Fushun Pan. Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of transplant renal artery stenosis in pediatric patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2026, 23(06): 490-496.

目的

评估多普勒超声(DUS)对儿童移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的诊断性能。

方法

纳入2019年1月至2025年2月因疑似TRAS接受计算机断层血管造影(CTA)检查的61例患儿[男性36例,女性25例;平均年龄(10.0±3.6)岁],共接受74次检查。每例患儿于CTA检查前2周内均行DUS检查。分析74组匹配的DUS和CTA检查(检查结果TRAS 49次,非TRAS 25次)。记录DUS参数,包括移植肾动脉收缩期峰值流速(TRA-PSV)、肾动脉与髂动脉收缩期峰值流速比(RIR)、段动脉和叶间动脉阻力指数(RI)。以CTA作为参考标准(狭窄>50%)评估DUS对TRAS的诊断性能。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)分析确定最佳阈值和受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)。

结果

TRA-PSV在DUS参数中诊断性能最低(AUC=0.688,P均<0.01)。对于直接指标而言,肾动脉与髂动脉的脉搏波速度比值(RIR,阈值≥3.5)的特异度高于PSV,差异具有统计学意义(72% vs 48%,P<0.001)。对于间接指标而言,叶间动脉RI(阈值≤0.48)的特异度高于段动脉RI(阈值≤0.59),差异具有统计学意义(88% vs 72%,P<0.001)。当联合直接(RIR≥3.5)和间接(叶间动脉RI≤0.48)DUS特征时,对TRAS的诊断敏感度为62.3%,特异度为93.2%,阳性预测值为91.2%。

结论

DUS联合标准(RIR≥3.5且叶间动脉RI≤0.48)对儿童TRAS诊断具有高特异度。基于DUS的诊断效能,可以显著减少儿童不必要的CTA检查。

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) for pediatric transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) as the reference standard.

Methods

This retrospective single-center study included 61 pediatric renal transplant recipients [36 males; mean age, (10.0±3.6) years (SD)] who underwent 74 CTA examinations for suspected TRAS between January 2019 and February 2025. A total of 74 matched pairs of DUS and CTA examinations (49 TRAS, 25 non-TRAS) were analyzed. DUS parameters recorded included peak systolic velocity in the transplant renal artery (TRA-PSV), the renal-to-iliac PSV ratio (RIR), and resistive indices (RI) in segmental and interlobular arteries. Diagnostic performance was assessed against CTA, with >50% stenosis defined as the reference standard for TRAS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine optimal thresholds and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).

Results

Among the DUS parameters, TRA-PSV (cut-off≥387 cm/s) demonstrated the lowest diagnostic performance (AUC=0.688; P<0.01 for comparisons). For direct indicators, RIR (cut-off≥3.5) exhibited a significantly higher specificity than PSV, the difference is statistically significant (72% vs 48%, P<0.001). For indirect indicators, interlobular artery RI (cut-off≤0.48) showed a significantly higher specificity than segmental artery RI (cut-off≤0.59), at 88% vs 72%, respectively, the difference is statistically significant (P<0.001). The combination of direct (RIR≥3.5) and indirect (interlobular RI≤0.48) DUS features yielded a sensitivity of 62.3%, specificity of 93.2%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 91.2% for diagnosing TRAS.

Conclusion

The combined DUS criteria of RIR≥3.5 and interlobular RI≤0.48 offer high specificity for diagnosing pediatric TRAS. Leveraging the diagnostic efficacy of DUS, particularly with these combined criteria, can significantly reduce unnecessary CTA examinations in pediatric patients.

表1 移植肾动脉狭窄患儿基线临床特征(61例)
表2 移植肾动脉狭窄患儿配对DUS与CTA特征比较
图1 一例儿童移植肾动脉狭窄 图a为移植肾叶间动脉阻力指数约0.45;图b为移植肾动脉狭窄处的血流频谱,收缩期峰值流速超过500 cm/s;图c为计算机断层血管造影诊断移植肾动脉起始段狭窄,狭窄率约为80%
表3 多普勒超声在儿童移植肾动脉狭窄中的诊断效能
图2 多普勒超声指标的ROC曲线分析 注:TRA-PSV为移植肾动脉的收缩期峰值流速;RIR为肾动脉与髂动脉的流速比值;RI为阻力指数;ROC为受试者工作特征曲线
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