切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (09) : 959 -965. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6488.2023.09.011

妇产科超声影像学

经阴道子宫-输卵管实时三维超声造影中患者疼痛发生情况及其影响因素分析
刘嘉嘉, 王承华, 陈绪娇, 刘瑗玲, 王善钰, 屈海花, 张莉()   
  1. 710038 陕西西安,空军军医大学唐都医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-28 出版日期:2023-09-01
  • 通信作者: 张莉

Risk factors for pain in patients undergoing transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography

Jiajia Liu, Chenghua Wang, Xujiao Chen, Yuanling Liu, Shanyu Wang, Haihua Qu, Li Zhang()   

  1. Department of Ultrasound, Tangdu Hospital of the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
  • Received:2023-03-28 Published:2023-09-01
  • Corresponding author: Li Zhang
引用本文:

刘嘉嘉, 王承华, 陈绪娇, 刘瑗玲, 王善钰, 屈海花, 张莉. 经阴道子宫-输卵管实时三维超声造影中患者疼痛发生情况及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 959-965.

Jiajia Liu, Chenghua Wang, Xujiao Chen, Yuanling Liu, Shanyu Wang, Haihua Qu, Li Zhang. Risk factors for pain in patients undergoing transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(09): 959-965.

目的

评估经阴道子宫-输卵管实时三维超声造影(TVS Real-time 3D-HyCoSy,以下简称HyCoSy)过程中不同时段患者疼痛发生的比例与疼痛程度,分析引起疼痛的相关影响因素。

方法

2020年3月至2022年3月于空军军医大学唐都医院超声科行HyCoSy检查患者共963例,收集患者一般临床资料,应用疼痛数字评价量表分别对宫腔置管后、调节水囊后、造影术中、术后30 min、术后1 h、术后24 h 6个不同时段患者的疼痛程度及可能引发因素进行资料采集,采用单因素分析与Logistic回归分析筛选影响疼痛发生的危险因素并计算比值比(OR)。

结果

HyCoSy检查过程中,6个时段患者发生疼痛的比例分别为78.61%(宫腔置管后)、57.94%(调节水囊后)、75.80%(造影术中)、48.50%(术后30 min)、31.46%(术后1 h)及13.74%(术后24 h)。宫腔置管后,水囊大小是造成插管时疼痛的独立危险因素,水囊每增加1 ml,出现疼痛的风险会增加7.829倍(OR=7.829,P<0.05);造影过程中,输卵管通畅程度不佳、造影剂推注压力高、水囊大、发生造影剂逆流及既往痛经是引起患者疼痛的高风险因素,其中输卵管通畅程度不佳引起的疼痛风险相关系数最高(OR=3.066,P=0.001)。造影剂推注压力与输卵管通畅程度在造影后不同时段的疼痛与无疼痛组间分布差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);术后30 min,造影过程中疼痛组患者发生造影剂逆流的比例较无疼痛组更高(24.79% vs 16.36%,χ2=10.488,P=0.001),随时间推移,组间发生造影剂逆流的患者比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);造影术后30 min与术后1 h疼痛组既往有痛经史的患者比例高于无疼痛组(56.20% vs 46.06%;59.41% vs 50.15%),组间分布差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9.890、12.541,P=0.002、0.001),术后24 h,86例疼痛患者中49例(56.98%)有痛经病史,组间分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

通过水囊大小的调节可以有效矫正HyCoSy检查过程中由于宫腔置管引起的疼痛,从而保证造影过程中患者疼痛的真实反映。输卵管通畅程度、造影剂推注压力和既往痛经史是引发患者疼痛的持续影响因素,而水囊大小为即刻影响因素。

Objective

To investigate the incidence of pain in patients during transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (TVS RT 3D-HyCoSy, hereinafter referred to as HyCoSy) examination and to identify its main risk factors.

Methods

From March 2020 to March 2022, 963 patients diagnosed with infertility who underwent HyCoSy at the Department of Ultrasound of Tangdu Hospital of the Air Force Medical University were selected, and their clinical data were collected. Data collected included the incidence of pain, pain degree, and possibly related factors of pain at six different time points (intrauterine catheterization, water sac adjustment, during HyCoSy, 30 minutes after HyCoSy, 1 hour after HyCoSy, and 24 hours after HyCoSy). Statistical analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with pain in patients undergoing HyCoSy. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk factors for pain and complications and calculate the odds ratio (OR).

Results

Among the 963 patients who underwent HyCoSy, the rate of pain was 78.6% after intrauterine catheterization, 57.9% at water sac adjustment, 75.8% during HyCoSy, 48.6% at 30 min after HyCoSy, 31.5% at 1 h after HyCoSy, and 14.6% at 24 h after HyCoSy. After intrauterine catheterization, water sac was identified to be an independent risk factor for pain during intubation, with a 7.829-fold increase in the risk of pain for every 1 ml increase in water sac (OR=7.829, P<0.05). During HyCoSy, poor patency of the fallopian tube, high pressure of contrast agent injection, large water sac, contrast agent countercurrent, and previous dysmenorrhea were identified to be high risk factors for pain in patients, among which the risk correlation coefficient of pain caused by poor patency of the fallopian tube was the highest (OR=3.066, P=0.001). There were significant differences in the distribution of patients with high contrast agent injection pressure and poor tubal patency between the pain and painless groups at different time points after HyCoSy (P<0.05). At 30 min after HyCoSy, the incidence of contrast reflux was higher in the pain group (24.79% vs 16.36%, χ2=10.488, P=0.001), but over time, the proportion of patients with contrast counterflow did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). The proportion of patients with pain at 30 min and 1 h after HyCoSy was significantly higher than that of the group without pain (56.20% vs 46.06%, χ2=9.890, P=0.002; 59.41% vs 50.15%, χ2=12.541, P=0.001). At 24 h after HyCoSy, 49 of 86 pain patients (56.98%) had a history of dysmenorrhea, but there was no significant difference in its distribution between the groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Before contrast injection, the adjustment of the water sac size can effectively correct the pain level of patients, so as to truly reflect the pain level of patients during the HyCoSy. During HyCoSy, the degree of tubal patency, the pressure of contrast agent injection, and the history of dysmenorrhea are the continuous factors causing pain, while the size of water sac is an immediate influencing factor.

表1 宫腔置管后不孕症患者疼痛的单因素分析
表2 造影时不孕症患者疼痛程度的单因素分析
项目 无疼痛组(233例) 疼痛1级
(406例)
疼痛2级
(261例)
疼痛3级
(63例)
统计值 P
年龄(岁, 30.11±3.83 30.03±3.88 30.33±3.92 29.67±3.62 F=0.608 0.610
体质量指数(kg/m2 23.69±3.85 22.98±3.75 22.92±3.59 21.10±2.08 F=8.505 0.001
既往痛经[例(%)] 87(37.34) 210(51.72) 137(52.49) 19(30.16) χ2=29.596 0.001
月经干净天数(d, 4.45±1.31 4.49±1.33 4.59±1.41 4.57±1.30 F=0.504 0.679
子宫内膜厚度(cm, 0.61±0.21 0.64±0.19 0.65±0.19 0.63±0.21 F=1.867 0.133
水囊大小(ml, 2.14±0.48 2.23±0.43 2.13±0.45 2.01±0.48 F=6.415 0.001
水囊大小/子宫长轴( 0.35±0.08 0.36±0.07 0.35±0.08 0.33±0.08 F=3.581 0.014
水囊大小/内膜长轴( 0.64±0.14 0.66±0.13 0.63±0.13 0.61±0.15 F=4.840 0.002
造影剂逆流[例(%)] 25(10.73) 69(17.00) 79(30.27) 24(38.10) χ2=44.024 0.001
造影剂推注压力[例(%)] χ2=330.369 0.001
低压力 199(85.41) 279(68.72) 48(18.39) 11(17.46)
中压力 21(9.01) 102(25.12) 114(43.68) 9(14.29)
高压力 13(5.58) 25(6.16) 99(37.93) 43(68.25)
输卵管通畅程度[例(%)] χ2=358.803 0.001
0级 154(66.09) 49(16.99) 37(14.18) 4(6.35)
1级 57(24.46) 17(4.19) 17(6.51) 1(1.59)
2级 10(4.29) 133(32.76) 29(11.11) 4(6.35)
3级 4(1.72) 127(31.28) 42(16.09) 4(6.35)
4级 4(1.72) 46(11.33) 72(27.59) 6(9.52)
5级 4(1.72) 14(3.45) 64(24.52) 44(69.84)
表3 造影时影响不孕症患者疼痛的多因素分析
表4 造影术后不同时间点不孕症患者疼痛发生的单因素分析
组别 例数 既往痛经[例(%)] 造影剂逆流[例(%)] 造影剂推注压力[例(%)]
低压力 中压力 高压力
术后30 min
无疼痛组 495 228(46.06) 267(53.94) 81(16.36) 414(83.64) 322(65.05) 105(21.21) 68(13.74)
疼痛组 468 263(56.20) 205(43.80) 116(24.79) 352(75.21) 215(45.94) 141(30.13) 112(23.93)
统计值 χ2=9.890 χ2=10.488 Z=6.006
P 0.002 0.001 0.001
术后1 h
无疼痛组 660 331(50.15) 329(49.85) 126(19.09) 534(80.91) 406(61.52) 146(22.12) 108(16.36)
疼痛组 303 180(59.41) 223(40.59) 74(23.43) 229(76.57) 131(43.24) 100(33.00) 72(23.76)
统计值 χ2=12.541 χ2=2.405 Z=5.048
P 0.001 0.121 0.001
术后24 h
无疼痛组 540 263(48.70) 277(51.30) 107(19.81) 433(80.19) 328(60.74) 130(24.07) 82(15.19)
疼痛组 86 49(56.98) 37(43.02) 18(20.93) 68(79.07) 41(47.67) 29(33.72) 16(18.61)
统计值 χ2=2.031 χ2=0.058 Z=2.104
P 0.154 0.810 0.035
组别 例数 水囊大小(ml, 输卵管通畅程度[例(%)]
0级 1级 2级 3级 4级 5级
术后30 min
无疼痛组 495 2.16±0.47 201(40.61) 69(13.94) 72(14.55) 63(12.73) 46(9.29) 44(8.89)
疼痛组 468 2.17±0.44 63(13.46) 23(4.92) 104(22.22) 114(24.36) 82(17.52) 82(17.52)
统计值 t=0.547 Z=10.449
P 0.584 0.001
术后1 h
无疼痛组 660 2.16±0.46 224(33.94) 86(11.51) 111(16.82) 104(15.76) 77(11.67) 68(10.30)
疼痛组 303 2.17±0.44 39(13.20) 16(5.28) 65(21.46) 73(24.09) 51(16.83) 58(19.14)
统计值 t=0.298 Z=7.664
P 0.766 0.001
术后24 h
无疼痛组 540 2.18±0.46 165(30.56) 53(9.81) 104(19.26) 85(15.74) 78(14.44) 55(10.19)
疼痛组 86 2.18±0.44 16(18.60) 5(5.81) 16(18.60) 19(22.10) 19(22.10) 11(12.79)
统计值 t=0.122 Z=2.895
P 0.903 0.004
1
张婧, 董冲亚, 香钰婷, 等. 经阴道四维子宫输卵管超声造影临床耐受性及相关因素分析 [J]. 实用妇产科杂志, 2019, 35(3): 199-203.
2
王小倩, 孙志伟, 王琳, 等. 经阴道实时三维子宫输卵管超声造影耐受性及造影相关疼痛因素分析 [J]. 临床超声医学杂志, 2018, 20(6): 417-419.
3
聂超群. 经阴道四维子宫输卵管超声造影与X线子宫输卵管造影在输卵管通畅性诊断的对比分析 [J]. 影像研究与医学应用, 2020, 4(9): 186-188.
4
傅芬, 叶琴, 梁荣喜, 等. 多模态经阴道超声造影技术对输卵管通畅性的诊断价值 [J]. 中华超声影像学杂志, 2020, 29(9): 781-785.
5
葛丹, 涂美琳, 欧斐. 四维输卵管超声造影形态对不孕症患者输卵管通畅度的诊断价值 [J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2021, 18(1): 68-73.
6
Li H, Zhang M, Qiang Y, et al. Pain and side effects associated with 4-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography for evaluating of the fallopian tubes patency [J]. Comput Assist Surg (Abingdon), 2017, 22(1): 93-99.
7
Boned-López J, Alcázar JL, Errasti T, et al. Severe pain during hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy): a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2021, 304(6): 1389-1398.
8
Maxim AR, Gligor OH, Badea RI. Comparison of Hystero-salpingography and Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography for tubal patency testing: technical success, pain perception, side effects and complications [J]. Med Ultrason, 2021, 23(3): 283-288.
9
Dreyer K, Out R, Hompes PG, et al. Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography, a less painful procedure for tubal patency testing during fertility workup compared with (serial) hysterosalpingography: a randomized controlled trial [J]. Fertil Steril, 2014, 102(3): 821-825.
10
Grigovich M, Kacharia VS, Bharwani N, et al. Evaluating fallopian tube patency: what the radiologist needs to know [J]. Radioimagedatas, 2021, 41(6): 1876-18961.
11
Taylor HS, Kotlyar AM, Flores VA. Endometriosis is a chronic systemic disease: clinical challenges and novel innovations [J]. Lancet, 2021, 397(10276): 839-852.
12
桑颖, 周星星, 王伟群, 等. 经阴道四维子宫输卵管超声造影逆流影响因素分析 [J]. 中华超声影像学杂志, 2020, 29(8): 706-710.
[1] 吕琦, 惠品晶, 丁亚芳, 颜燕红. 颈动脉斑块易损性的超声造影评估及与缺血性卒中的相关性研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1040-1045.
[2] 丁雷, 罗文, 杨晓, 庞丽娜, 张佩蒂, 刘海静, 袁佳妮, 刘瑾. 高帧频超声造影在评价C-TIRADS 4-5类甲状腺结节成像特征中的应用[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 887-894.
[3] 张茜, 陈佳慧, 高雪萌, 赵傲雪, 黄瑛. 基于高帧频超声造影的影像组学特征鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 895-903.
[4] 朱连华, 费翔, 韩鹏, 姜波, 李楠, 罗渝昆. 高帧频超声造影在胆囊息肉样病变中的鉴别诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 904-910.
[5] 李淼, 朱连华, 韩鹏, 姜波, 费翔. 高帧频超声造影评价肝细胞癌血管形态与风险因素的研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 911-915.
[6] 张卫平, 王婧玲, 刘志兴, 陈莉, 谌芳群. 肾透明细胞癌高帧频超声造影时间-强度曲线特征分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 916-922.
[7] 丁建民, 秦正义, 张翔, 周燕, 周洪雨, 王彦冬, 经翔. 超声造影与普美显磁共振成像对具有高危因素的≤3 cm肝结节进行LI-RADS分类诊断的前瞻性研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 930-938.
[8] 韩丹, 王婷, 肖欢, 朱丽容, 陈镜宇, 唐毅. 超声造影与增强CT对儿童肝脏良恶性病变诊断价值的对比分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 939-944.
[9] 邵华, 那子悦, 荆慧, 李博, 王秋程, 程文. 术前经皮超声造影对乳腺癌腋窝前哨淋巴结转移及负荷的诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 849-853.
[10] 张旭, 徐建平, 苏冬明, 王彩芬, 王大力, 张文智. 男性乳腺肿块的超声造影特征[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(08): 854-859.
[11] 谢迎东, 孙帼, 徐超丽, 杨斌, 孙晖, 戴云. 超声造影定量评价不同生存期移植肾血流灌注的临床价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(07): 749-754.
[12] 杨倩, 李翠芳, 张婉秋. 原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血急诊TACE术后的近远期预后及影响因素分析[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 33-36.
[13] 甄子铂, 刘金虎. 基于列线图模型探究静脉全身麻醉腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后肠道功能紊乱的影响因素[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 61-65.
[14] 吴畏, 吴永哲, 李宗倍, 崔宏力, 李华志, 许臣. 轻质大网孔补片腹腔镜下疝修补术治疗老年腹股沟疝的疗效及炎症因子的影响[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 70-73.
[15] 杜振双, 胡清福, 林颖艺, 张月霞, 陈美丽, 李祎祺, 王振华. 社区全科医师激励机制的影响因素分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(08): 876-883.
阅读次数
全文


摘要