2023 , Vol. 20 >Issue 09: 959 - 965
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6488.2023.09.011
经阴道子宫-输卵管实时三维超声造影中患者疼痛发生情况及其影响因素分析
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2023-03-28
网络出版日期: 2023-12-11
版权
Risk factors for pain in patients undergoing transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography
Received date: 2023-03-28
Online published: 2023-12-11
Copyright
评估经阴道子宫-输卵管实时三维超声造影(TVS Real-time 3D-HyCoSy,以下简称HyCoSy)过程中不同时段患者疼痛发生的比例与疼痛程度,分析引起疼痛的相关影响因素。
2020年3月至2022年3月于空军军医大学唐都医院超声科行HyCoSy检查患者共963例,收集患者一般临床资料,应用疼痛数字评价量表分别对宫腔置管后、调节水囊后、造影术中、术后30 min、术后1 h、术后24 h 6个不同时段患者的疼痛程度及可能引发因素进行资料采集,采用单因素分析与Logistic回归分析筛选影响疼痛发生的危险因素并计算比值比(OR)。
HyCoSy检查过程中,6个时段患者发生疼痛的比例分别为78.61%(宫腔置管后)、57.94%(调节水囊后)、75.80%(造影术中)、48.50%(术后30 min)、31.46%(术后1 h)及13.74%(术后24 h)。宫腔置管后,水囊大小是造成插管时疼痛的独立危险因素,水囊每增加1 ml,出现疼痛的风险会增加7.829倍(OR=7.829,P<0.05);造影过程中,输卵管通畅程度不佳、造影剂推注压力高、水囊大、发生造影剂逆流及既往痛经是引起患者疼痛的高风险因素,其中输卵管通畅程度不佳引起的疼痛风险相关系数最高(OR=3.066,P=0.001)。造影剂推注压力与输卵管通畅程度在造影后不同时段的疼痛与无疼痛组间分布差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05);术后30 min,造影过程中疼痛组患者发生造影剂逆流的比例较无疼痛组更高(24.79% vs 16.36%,χ2=10.488,P=0.001),随时间推移,组间发生造影剂逆流的患者比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);造影术后30 min与术后1 h疼痛组既往有痛经史的患者比例高于无疼痛组(56.20% vs 46.06%;59.41% vs 50.15%),组间分布差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9.890、12.541,P=0.002、0.001),术后24 h,86例疼痛患者中49例(56.98%)有痛经病史,组间分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
通过水囊大小的调节可以有效矫正HyCoSy检查过程中由于宫腔置管引起的疼痛,从而保证造影过程中患者疼痛的真实反映。输卵管通畅程度、造影剂推注压力和既往痛经史是引发患者疼痛的持续影响因素,而水囊大小为即刻影响因素。
刘嘉嘉 , 王承华 , 陈绪娇 , 刘瑗玲 , 王善钰 , 屈海花 , 张莉 . 经阴道子宫-输卵管实时三维超声造影中患者疼痛发生情况及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023 , 20(09) : 959 -965 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6488.2023.09.011
To investigate the incidence of pain in patients during transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (TVS RT 3D-HyCoSy, hereinafter referred to as HyCoSy) examination and to identify its main risk factors.
From March 2020 to March 2022, 963 patients diagnosed with infertility who underwent HyCoSy at the Department of Ultrasound of Tangdu Hospital of the Air Force Medical University were selected, and their clinical data were collected. Data collected included the incidence of pain, pain degree, and possibly related factors of pain at six different time points (intrauterine catheterization, water sac adjustment, during HyCoSy, 30 minutes after HyCoSy, 1 hour after HyCoSy, and 24 hours after HyCoSy). Statistical analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with pain in patients undergoing HyCoSy. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk factors for pain and complications and calculate the odds ratio (OR).
Among the 963 patients who underwent HyCoSy, the rate of pain was 78.6% after intrauterine catheterization, 57.9% at water sac adjustment, 75.8% during HyCoSy, 48.6% at 30 min after HyCoSy, 31.5% at 1 h after HyCoSy, and 14.6% at 24 h after HyCoSy. After intrauterine catheterization, water sac was identified to be an independent risk factor for pain during intubation, with a 7.829-fold increase in the risk of pain for every 1 ml increase in water sac (OR=7.829, P<0.05). During HyCoSy, poor patency of the fallopian tube, high pressure of contrast agent injection, large water sac, contrast agent countercurrent, and previous dysmenorrhea were identified to be high risk factors for pain in patients, among which the risk correlation coefficient of pain caused by poor patency of the fallopian tube was the highest (OR=3.066, P=0.001). There were significant differences in the distribution of patients with high contrast agent injection pressure and poor tubal patency between the pain and painless groups at different time points after HyCoSy (P<0.05). At 30 min after HyCoSy, the incidence of contrast reflux was higher in the pain group (24.79% vs 16.36%, χ2=10.488, P=0.001), but over time, the proportion of patients with contrast counterflow did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). The proportion of patients with pain at 30 min and 1 h after HyCoSy was significantly higher than that of the group without pain (56.20% vs 46.06%, χ2=9.890, P=0.002; 59.41% vs 50.15%, χ2=12.541, P=0.001). At 24 h after HyCoSy, 49 of 86 pain patients (56.98%) had a history of dysmenorrhea, but there was no significant difference in its distribution between the groups (P>0.05).
Before contrast injection, the adjustment of the water sac size can effectively correct the pain level of patients, so as to truly reflect the pain level of patients during the HyCoSy. During HyCoSy, the degree of tubal patency, the pressure of contrast agent injection, and the history of dysmenorrhea are the continuous factors causing pain, while the size of water sac is an immediate influencing factor.
Key words: Contrast-sonography; Hysterosalpingography; Pain; Factors
表1 宫腔置管后不孕症患者疼痛的单因素分析 |
项目 | 无疼痛(206例) | 疼痛1级(193例) | 疼痛2级(333例) | 疼痛3级(231例) | 统计值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁,![]() | 29.75±3.88 | 30.26±3.95 | 30.20±4.05 | 30.16±3.45 | F=0.774 | 0.509 |
体质量指数(kg/m2,![]() | 23.35±4.17 | 23.08±3.36 | 23.02±3.71 | 22.63±3.45 | F=1.405 | 0.240 |
子宫位置[例(%)] | χ2=3.314 | 0.769 | ||||
前位 | 131(63.59) | 116(60.10) | 200(60.06) | 148(64.07) | ||
水平位 | 34(16.51) | 42(21.76) | 65(19.52) | 45(19.48) | ||
后位 | 41(19.90) | 35(18.14) | 68(20.42) | 38(16.45) | ||
既往痛经[例(%)![]() | 107(51.94) | 98(50.78) | 179(53.75) | 107(46.32) | χ2=3.112 | 0.375 |
月经干净天数(d,![]() | 4.47±1.30 | 4.41±1.28 | 4.58±1.36 | 4.53±1.42 | F=0.686 | 0.561 |
子宫内膜厚度(cm,![]() | 0.63±0.20 | 0.63±0.18 | 0.64±0.19 | 0.63±0.22 | F=0.076 | 0.973 |
水囊大小(ml,![]() | 2.37±0.40 | 2.58±0.35 | 2.59±0.34 | 2.77±0.31 | F=48.321 | 0.001 |
水囊大小/子宫长轴(![]() | 0.40±0.07 | 0.42±0.09 | 0.42±0.08 | 0.45±0.08 | F=17.663 | 0.001 |
水囊大小/内膜长轴(![]() | 0.73±0.14 | 0.77±0.14 | 0.78±0.14 | 0.80±0.14 | F=10.038 | 0.001 |
表2 造影时不孕症患者疼痛程度的单因素分析 |
项目 | 无疼痛组(233例) | 疼痛1级 (406例) | 疼痛2级 (261例) | 疼痛3级 (63例) | 统计值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁,![]() | 30.11±3.83 | 30.03±3.88 | 30.33±3.92 | 29.67±3.62 | F=0.608 | 0.610 |
体质量指数(kg/m2,![]() | 23.69±3.85 | 22.98±3.75 | 22.92±3.59 | 21.10±2.08 | F=8.505 | 0.001 |
既往痛经[例(%)] | 87(37.34) | 210(51.72) | 137(52.49) | 19(30.16) | χ2=29.596 | 0.001 |
月经干净天数(d,![]() | 4.45±1.31 | 4.49±1.33 | 4.59±1.41 | 4.57±1.30 | F=0.504 | 0.679 |
子宫内膜厚度(cm,![]() | 0.61±0.21 | 0.64±0.19 | 0.65±0.19 | 0.63±0.21 | F=1.867 | 0.133 |
水囊大小(ml,![]() | 2.14±0.48 | 2.23±0.43 | 2.13±0.45 | 2.01±0.48 | F=6.415 | 0.001 |
水囊大小/子宫长轴(![]() | 0.35±0.08 | 0.36±0.07 | 0.35±0.08 | 0.33±0.08 | F=3.581 | 0.014 |
水囊大小/内膜长轴(![]() | 0.64±0.14 | 0.66±0.13 | 0.63±0.13 | 0.61±0.15 | F=4.840 | 0.002 |
造影剂逆流[例(%)] | 25(10.73) | 69(17.00) | 79(30.27) | 24(38.10) | χ2=44.024 | 0.001 |
造影剂推注压力[例(%)] | χ2=330.369 | 0.001 | ||||
低压力 | 199(85.41) | 279(68.72) | 48(18.39) | 11(17.46) | ||
中压力 | 21(9.01) | 102(25.12) | 114(43.68) | 9(14.29) | ||
高压力 | 13(5.58) | 25(6.16) | 99(37.93) | 43(68.25) | ||
输卵管通畅程度[例(%)] | χ2=358.803 | 0.001 | ||||
0级 | 154(66.09) | 49(16.99) | 37(14.18) | 4(6.35) | ||
1级 | 57(24.46) | 17(4.19) | 17(6.51) | 1(1.59) | ||
2级 | 10(4.29) | 133(32.76) | 29(11.11) | 4(6.35) | ||
3级 | 4(1.72) | 127(31.28) | 42(16.09) | 4(6.35) | ||
4级 | 4(1.72) | 46(11.33) | 72(27.59) | 6(9.52) | ||
5级 | 4(1.72) | 14(3.45) | 64(24.52) | 44(69.84) |
表3 造影时影响不孕症患者疼痛的多因素分析 |
因素 | β值 | P值 | OR值(95%可信区间) |
---|---|---|---|
体质量指数(kg/m2) | -0.040 | 0.123 | 0.961(0.913~1.011) |
既往痛经(是/否) | 0.535 | 0.009 | 1.708(1.144~2.550) |
水囊大小(ml) | 0.804 | 0.040 | 2.235(1.038~4.812) |
水囊大小/内膜长轴比值 | 0.074 | 0.958 | 1.077(0.070~16.493) |
水囊大小/子宫长轴比值 | -1.841 | 0.500 | 0.159(0.001~33.364) |
造影剂逆流(是/否) | 0.753 | 0.009 | 2.124(1.208~3.736) |
造影剂推注压力(低、中、高压力) | 0.937 | 0.001 | 2.551(1.826~3.564) |
输卵管通畅程度(0~5级) | 1.120 | 0.001 | 3.066(2.573~3.653) |
常量 | -1.760 | 0.032 | 0.172 |
表4 造影术后不同时间点不孕症患者疼痛发生的单因素分析 |
组别 | 例数 | 既往痛经[例(%)] | 造影剂逆流[例(%)] | 造影剂推注压力[例(%)] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有 | 无 | 是 | 否 | 低压力 | 中压力 | 高压力 | ||
术后30 min | ||||||||
无疼痛组 | 495 | 228(46.06) | 267(53.94) | 81(16.36) | 414(83.64) | 322(65.05) | 105(21.21) | 68(13.74) |
疼痛组 | 468 | 263(56.20) | 205(43.80) | 116(24.79) | 352(75.21) | 215(45.94) | 141(30.13) | 112(23.93) |
统计值 | χ2=9.890 | χ2=10.488 | Z=6.006 | |||||
P值 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
术后1 h | ||||||||
无疼痛组 | 660 | 331(50.15) | 329(49.85) | 126(19.09) | 534(80.91) | 406(61.52) | 146(22.12) | 108(16.36) |
疼痛组 | 303 | 180(59.41) | 223(40.59) | 74(23.43) | 229(76.57) | 131(43.24) | 100(33.00) | 72(23.76) |
统计值 | χ2=12.541 | χ2=2.405 | Z=5.048 | |||||
P值 | 0.001 | 0.121 | 0.001 | |||||
术后24 h | ||||||||
无疼痛组 | 540 | 263(48.70) | 277(51.30) | 107(19.81) | 433(80.19) | 328(60.74) | 130(24.07) | 82(15.19) |
疼痛组 | 86 | 49(56.98) | 37(43.02) | 18(20.93) | 68(79.07) | 41(47.67) | 29(33.72) | 16(18.61) |
统计值 | χ2=2.031 | χ2=0.058 | Z=2.104 | |||||
P值 | 0.154 | 0.810 | 0.035 | |||||
组别 | 例数 | 水囊大小(ml,![]() | 输卵管通畅程度[例(%)] | |||||
0级 | 1级 | 2级 | 3级 | 4级 | 5级 | |||
术后30 min | ||||||||
无疼痛组 | 495 | 2.16±0.47 | 201(40.61) | 69(13.94) | 72(14.55) | 63(12.73) | 46(9.29) | 44(8.89) |
疼痛组 | 468 | 2.17±0.44 | 63(13.46) | 23(4.92) | 104(22.22) | 114(24.36) | 82(17.52) | 82(17.52) |
统计值 | t=0.547 | Z=10.449 | ||||||
P值 | 0.584 | 0.001 | ||||||
术后1 h | ||||||||
无疼痛组 | 660 | 2.16±0.46 | 224(33.94) | 86(11.51) | 111(16.82) | 104(15.76) | 77(11.67) | 68(10.30) |
疼痛组 | 303 | 2.17±0.44 | 39(13.20) | 16(5.28) | 65(21.46) | 73(24.09) | 51(16.83) | 58(19.14) |
统计值 | t=0.298 | Z=7.664 | ||||||
P值 | 0.766 | 0.001 | ||||||
术后24 h | ||||||||
无疼痛组 | 540 | 2.18±0.46 | 165(30.56) | 53(9.81) | 104(19.26) | 85(15.74) | 78(14.44) | 55(10.19) |
疼痛组 | 86 | 2.18±0.44 | 16(18.60) | 5(5.81) | 16(18.60) | 19(22.10) | 19(22.10) | 11(12.79) |
统计值 | t=0.122 | Z=2.895 | ||||||
P值 | 0.903 | 0.004 |
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