2024 , Vol. 21 >Issue 03: 251 - 256
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.03.002
颈后透明层和头臀长在妊娠11~13+6周双胎心脏畸形筛查中的价值
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2023-07-01
网络出版日期: 2024-06-05
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1000104)
版权
Value of fetal nuchal translucency and crown-rump length in screening for fetal heart malformation in twins at 11-13+6 weeks of pregnancy
Received date: 2023-07-01
Online published: 2024-06-05
Copyright
探讨妊娠11~13+6周双胎颈后透明层(NT)增厚、NT差异及头臀长(CRL)差异在筛查双胎胎儿不同严重程度心脏畸形中的临床价值。
回顾性分析在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院(2012年1月至2016年12月)和石家庄市第四医院(2014年1月至2018年12月)建档并已知妊娠结局的双胎病例,筛选双胎之一或两胎儿发生心脏畸形的病例,按照心脏畸形严重程度分为轻度心脏畸形组和复杂心脏畸形组,将同时期分娩的正常双胎作为对照组。记录所有入组病例在妊娠11~13+6周的NT值、NT值≥第95百分位数和NT值≥第99百分位数的例数、NT差异≥20%和CRL差异≥10%的例数。采用χ2检验或Fisher's确切概率法进行组间对比分析,再应用Logistic回归分析筛选双胎心脏畸形发生的危险因素。
(1)双胎心脏畸形者共23例,其中轻度心脏畸形组14例,复杂心脏畸形组9例,正常对照组1906例。(2)与正常对照组相比,复杂心脏畸形组NT值≥第95百分位数和NT值≥第99百分位数的发生率、CRL差异≥10%的发生率明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=63.628、53.480、8.064,P<0.001、<0.001、=0.020),而NT差异≥20%的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。轻度心脏畸形组与正常对照组相比各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。轻度心脏畸形组与复杂心脏畸形组之间除NT值≥第95百分位数的发生率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.480,P=0.014),其他指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。(3)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,NT值增厚(即NT值≥第95百分位数)是双胎复杂心脏畸形发生的独立危险因素(OR=31.571,95%CI:8.022~124.246,P<0.001),但CRL差异≥10%并不是双胎复杂心脏畸形发生的独立危险因素(P>0.05)。
妊娠11~13+6周超声发现一胎或两胎NT值增厚、两胎儿间CRL差异≥10%提示双胎发生复杂性心脏畸形的风险增加;NT增厚是双胎发生复杂性心脏畸形的危险因素。
尹宏宇 , 吴青青 , 李晓菲 . 颈后透明层和头臀长在妊娠11~13+6周双胎心脏畸形筛查中的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024 , 21(03) : 251 -256 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.03.002
To assess the clinical value of nuchal translucency (NT) thickening, NT discordance, and crown-rump length (CRL) discordance in screening twins with different degrees of congenital heart malformation at 11-13+6 weeks of pregnancy.
A retrospective analysis was performed on twin fetal cases collected from Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical University/Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (January 2012 to December 2016) and the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang City (January 2014 to December 2018). Fetuses with cardiac malformation were screened out and divided into either a mild cardiac malformation group or a complex cardiac malformation group according to the degree of cardiac malformation, and normal twins delivered at the same time were used as controls. The NT value of all enrolled cases at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation was obtained, and the number of cases with NT value ≥ the 95th percentile, NT value ≥ the 99th percentile, NT discordance ≥ 20%, and CRL discordance ≥ 10% was recorded. The χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method was used for comparative analysis between groups, and Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for cardiac malformations in twins.
There were 23 cases of twins with cardiac malformation, including 14 cases in the mild cardiac malformation group, 9 cases in the complex cardiac malformation group, and 1906 cases in the normal control group. Compared with the control group, the incidence of NT value ≥ the 95th percentile, NT value ≥ the 99th percentile, and CRL discordance ≥ 10% in the complex cardiac malformation group was significantly higher (χ2=63.628, 53.480, and 8.064; P<0.001, <0.001, and =0.020, respectively), while the incidence of NT discordance ≥ 20% was not statistically different between the complex cardiac malformation group and the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in various indicators between the mild cardiac malformation group and the control group. Except for the NT value ≥ the 95th percentage (χ2=4.480, P=0.014), there was no significant difference in other indicators between the mild cardiac malformation group and the complex cardiac malformation group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased NT (NT value ≥ the 95th percentile) was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of complex cardiac malformations in twins (odds ratio=31.571, 95% confidence interval: 8.022-124.246, P<0.001), but CRL discordance ≥ 10% was not an independent risk factor for complex cardiac malformation in twins (P>0.05).
Ultrasound at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation reveals NT increase in one or two fetuses of the twins, and CRL discordance ≥ 10% indicates an increased risk of complex cardiac malformations in twins. Increased NT is a risk factor for complex heart malformations in twins.
表1 23例双胎心脏畸形病例超声诊断和随访结果 |
心脏畸形种类 | 例数 | 诊断方式 | 妊娠结局 |
---|---|---|---|
轻度心脏畸形组 | 14 | ||
单纯性室间隔缺损 | 12 | 中孕期胎儿超声心动图 | 均正常分娩,新生儿超声心动图证实 |
轻度肺动脉狭窄 | 1 | ||
完全性血管环 | 1 | ||
复杂心脏畸形组 | 9 | ||
房、室间隔缺损 | 1 | 孕16周胎儿超声心动图 | 16周减胎治疗,另一胎足月分娩 |
房、室间隔缺损 | 1 | 孕20周胎儿超声心动图检查 | 一胎22周胎死宫内,另一胎35周分娩 |
右位心合并单心房、单心室 | 1 | 孕25周胎儿超声心动图检查 | 36周分娩,新生儿超声心动图证实 |
三尖瓣隔瓣下移 | 1 | 中孕期系统排畸检查及胎儿超声心动图检查 | 30周引产 |
重度肺动脉狭窄 | 1 | 中孕期系统排畸检查及胎儿超声心动图检查 | 23周减胎治疗,另一胎足月分娩 |
右心室双出口合并主动脉狭窄及室间隔缺损 | 1 | 孕24周胎儿超声心动图检查 | 36周分娩,新生儿超声心动图证实 |
主动脉狭窄合并室间隔缺损 | 1 | 孕22周胎儿超声心动图检查 | 25周减胎治疗,另一胎39周分娩 |
一胎法洛四联症、另一胎室间隔缺损 | 1 | 孕22周胎儿超声心动图检查 | 36周分娩,新生儿超声心动图证实 |
一胎三尖瓣发育不良合并室间隔缺损、另一胎室间隔缺损 | 1 | 孕18周胎儿超声心动图检查 | 20周引产 |
表2 3组研究对象各超声检查指标比较(例) |
组别 | 例数 | NT值≥95th | NT值≥99th | NT差异≥20% | CRL差异≥10% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
正常对照组 | 1906 | 45 | 13 | 656 | 242 |
轻度心脏畸形组 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
复杂心脏畸形组 | 9 | 4ab | 2a | 5 | 4a |
χ2值 | 19.756 | 13.912 | 1.981 | 6.421 | |
P值 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.422 | 0.030 |
注:NT为颈后透明层厚度,CRL为头臀长;a与正常对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=63.628、53.480、8.064,P<0.001、<0.001、=0.020),b与轻度心脏畸形组比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.480,P=0.014) |
表3 双胎复杂心脏畸形发生的多因素Logistic回归分析结果 |
因素 | β值 | Wald值 | P值 | OR值 | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT值≥95th | 3.452 | 24.392 | <0.001 | 31.571 | 8.022~124.246 |
CRL差异≥10% | 0.927 | 1.569 | 0.210 | 2.526 | 0.593~10.768 |
注:NT为颈后透明层厚度,CRL为头臀长 |
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