2024 , Vol. 21 >Issue 09: 859 - 864
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.09.006
阴道斜隔综合征的超声诊断与临床分析
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2024-01-01
网络出版日期: 2024-10-16
版权
Ultrasound diagnosis and clinical analysis of obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome
Received date: 2024-01-01
Online published: 2024-10-16
Copyright
目的
探讨阴道斜隔综合征的超声声像图特点与临床特征。
方法
2013 年1 月至2022年6 月在湖北省妇幼保健院由超声诊断并经手术、病理证实的阴道斜隔综合征患者32 例,回顾性分析其临床表现,总结超声声像图资料,并与手术、病理结果对照。
结果
斜隔发生于左侧者14 例,右侧18 例。手术方式:22 例行单纯阴道斜隔切除术。10 例行宫腔镜及腹腔镜联合斜隔切除术,其中因宫颈闭锁或发育不良行患侧子宫切除术4 例,因肾盆腔异位并发育不良、输尿管异位开口行患侧肾和输尿管切除术2 例。超声声像图与手术、病理综合分析:(1)生殖系统:子宫畸形为双子宫22 例,完全纵隔子宫7 例,双角子宫3 例;并发斜隔侧宫颈闭锁2 例,宫颈发育不良8 例;并发隔后腔积液30 例,宫腔积液21 例,输卵管积血17 例,输卵管积脓2 例,卵巢巧克力样囊肿5 例,盆腔粘连10例。(2)泌尿系统:32 例均合并泌尿系统发育异常,其中肾缺如29 例,肾囊性发育不良1 例,肾盆腔异位并发育不良、输尿管异位开口2 例。分型:Ⅰ型无孔斜隔型14 例,超声诊断准确;Ⅱ型有孔斜隔型9 例,超声显示阴道斜隔瘘口1 例;Ⅲ型无孔斜隔合并子宫颈瘘管型7 例,超声显示宫颈瘘管2 例;Ⅳ型子宫颈闭锁型2 例,超声显示双子宫、双宫颈畸形1 例。超声能准确诊断子宫畸形、阴道积液、宫腔积液、盆腔内病灶及肾缺如、囊性发育不良、肾盆腔异位等,部分阴道斜隔瘘口及宫颈瘘管可显示,但超声分型仍然困难。
结论
超声检查为诊断阴道斜隔综合征首选且可靠的方法。
包艳娟 , 杨小红 , 张涛 , 赵胜 , 张莉 . 阴道斜隔综合征的超声诊断与临床分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024 , 21(09) : 859 -864 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2024.09.006
Objective
To investigate the clinical features of obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome and analyze the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of this condition.
Methods
From January 2013 to June 2022, 32 cases of OHVIRA syndrome diagnosed and surgically treated at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Oblique septum occurred on the left side in 14 cases and on the right side in 18. Twenty-two cases underwent oblique vaginal septum resection, and ten underwent combined hysteroscopic and laparoscopic oblique septum resection. Four cases underwent unilateral hysterectomy due to cervical atresia or dysplasia,and two underwent nephroureterectomy due to pelvic renal ectopia with dysplasia and ectopic ureteral orifice.With regard to reproductive system involvement, there were 22 cases of duplex uterus, 7 cases of complete septate uterus, and 3 cases of bicornuate uterus; there were 2 cases of cervical atresia and 8 cases of cervical dysplasia; there were 30 cases of hematocolpos, 21 cases of hematometra, 17 cases of hematosalpinx, 2 cases of pyosalpinx, 5 cases of hemoperitoneum, and 10 cases of pelvic adhesion. Regarding urinary system involvement, all 32 cases were complicated with abnormal development of the urinary system. One of the kidneys was absent in 29 cases, and there was one case of renal cystic dysplasia and two cases of pelvic renal ectopia and renal dysplasia with ectopic ureteral orifice. Among the 32 cases of OHVIRA syndrome, there were 14 cases of type I, 9 cases of type II, 7 cases of type III, and 2 cases of type Ⅳ. Ultrasonography can accurately diagnose uterine malformation, hematocolpos, hematometra, hemoperitoneum, and renal dysplasia.
Conclusion
Ultrasonography is the preferred and reliable method for diagnosing OHVIRA syndrome.
Key words: Ultrasonography; Uterovaginal anomaly; OHVIRA syndrome
表1 阴道斜隔综合征不同分型患者发病年龄、初潮至发病时间比较[ |
分型 | 例数 | 发病年龄(岁) | 初潮至发病时间(年) |
---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ型 | 14 | 17.36±4.67a | 5.29±4.23a |
Ⅱ型 | 9 | 24.89±6.85 | 11.83±6.33 |
Ⅲ型 | 7 | 20.14±5.08 | 7.43±4.89 |
Ⅳ型 | 2 | 21.50(10.50,23.50) | 9.00(1.50,13.75) |
表2 阴道斜隔综合征各类型患者的主要临床症状(例) |
分型 | 例数 | 无痛经 | 轻度痛经 | 重度痛经 | 经期淋漓不尽或不规则出血 | 阴道排液和阴道炎 | 尿路感染 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ型 | 14 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Ⅱ型 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 1 |
Ⅲ型 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
Ⅳ型 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
图1 阴道斜隔综合征Ⅲ型患者(31 岁,12 岁初潮,开放性左侧子宫切除术后18 年,超声显示左侧宫颈残腔与对侧宫颈管有细小管道相通)影像图像。图a:三维超声显示右侧子宫大小正常,内膜可显示,宫腔呈单角。图b:宫颈与膀胱之间可见形态不规则的液性无回声区(箭头所示)包绕宫颈并向会阴部延伸,范围约75 mm×30 mm,内可见细密点状高回声,呈上宽下窄的漏斗形,并与宫颈管有细小管道相通。图c:液性无回声区与右侧宫颈管有细小瘘管相通(黄色箭头)。图d:宫腔镜检显示阴道前壁膨出明显,阴道壁未见开口。宫腔镜下沿宫颈外口进入,挤压时宫颈管左侧壁可见少许褐色血性黏液(黄色箭头)自细小孔隙流出,宫腔镜头无法进入 |
图2 阴道斜隔综合征Ⅳ型(双子宫畸形,右侧子宫体积偏小,右侧宫颈下段闭锁,右侧宫腔宫颈管内积液)患者影像及手术图像。患者16 岁,月经初潮11 岁,痛经5 年并进行性加重。图a:2020 年9 月1 日(15 岁),超声显示双子宫、双宫颈畸形,双侧子宫大小相近,右侧宫腔积液、宫颈管内积液。图b:2021年8 月31 日(16 岁),复查超声显示双子宫畸形、左侧子宫大小正常(52 mm×31 mm×29 mm),内膜可显示;图c:右侧子宫体积偏小(35 mm×28 mm×25 mm),宫颈发育不良,右侧宫腔、宫颈管内积液(积液范围较1 年前增大),积液范围距离处女膜位置较高,其下方阴道内未见积液。右侧附件区巧克力囊肿形成(48 mm×42 mm×36 mm)(黄色箭头);图d:术中见左侧子宫大小正常(绿色箭头),右侧子宫体积偏小(红色箭头) |
表3 生殖系统畸形的超声声像图与手术及病理对照分析 |
生殖系统畸形 | 手术及病理 | 超声诊断 |
---|---|---|
双子宫 | 22 | 22 |
完全纵隔子宫 | 7 | 7 |
双角子宫 | 3 | 3 |
斜隔侧宫颈闭锁 | 2 | 1 |
斜隔侧宫颈发育不良 | 8 | 2 |
隔后腔积液 | 30 | 30 |
斜隔侧宫腔积液 | 21 | 21 |
斜隔侧输卵管积血 | 17 | 15 |
斜隔侧输卵管积脓 | 2 | 0 |
卵巢巧克力样囊肿 | 5 | 3 |
盆腔粘连 | 10 | 3 |
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