2025 , Vol. 22 >Issue 04: 328 - 336
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.008
消融对T1N0M0 甲状腺乳头状癌患者抑郁状态及生活质量的影响
Copy editor: 汪荣
收稿日期: 2025-02-06
网络出版日期: 2025-06-09
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目(82030047)国家杰出青年科学基金(82325027)
版权
Effect of ablation on quality of life and depressive status in patients with T1N0M0 papillary thyroid cancer
Received date: 2025-02-06
Online published: 2025-06-09
Copyright
目的
探讨T1N0M0 期甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者微波消融(MWA)术前术后的生活质量、抑郁状态及消融后抑郁未缓解的影响因素。
方法
本研究采用前瞻性纵向研究设计,于2023 年11 月至2024 年10 月,前瞻性选取解放军总医院介入超声科行MWA 的T1N0M0 期PTC 患者302 例作为研究对象。采用患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)、欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织生活质量问卷(EORTC QLQ-C30)和甲状腺癌特异性生活质量问卷(THYCA-QoL)对患者接受MWA 治疗前及术后1 个月的生活质量及抑郁状态进行评估。对比治疗前后的各项评分差异,并采用多因素Logistic 回归分析PTC 患者消融后抑郁未缓解的独立影响因素。
结果
排除93 例未完整填写术后问卷的患者,本研究共纳入209 例PTC 患者。与MWA 术前相比,术后1 个月患者的抑郁评分显著降低(3.74±2.69 vs 2.64±2.15,P<0.001),抑郁发生率(PHQ-9 评分≥5 分)由术前的30.6%(64/209)降低至术后的17.2%(36/209),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。与MWA 治疗前相比,治疗后EORTC QLQ-C30 生活质量总分无明显改变(P=0.947),但情绪功能和认知功能评分有所提高(P=0.048、0.035),角色功能降低(P=0.002);治疗后THYCA-QoL 总评分显著降低(17.60±3.41 vs 16.80±2.80,P=0.009),其中神经肌肉、注意力、交感神经、心理、感官、感到寒冷等症状显著改善(P=0.013、0.010、0.031、0.003、0.031、0.010)。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,女性(OR=5.598,95%CI:1.127 ~27.813,P=0.035)和病灶邻近危险三角区(OR=10.230,95%CI:2.542 ~41.168,P=0.001)是MWA 后抑郁未缓解的独立危险因素。
结论
MWA 能改善早期PTC 患者的抑郁状态、甲状腺癌特异性症状及情绪、认知相关生活质量。但女性或结节邻近危险三角区患者术后抑郁状况缓解欠佳,临床应对此类患者给予更多心理支持,以更好地帮助这部分患者缓解抑郁情绪,提高生活质量。
张娅茹 , 逄川 , 庞宇 , 范方莹 , 梁萍 , 于杰 . 消融对T1N0M0 甲状腺乳头状癌患者抑郁状态及生活质量的影响[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025 , 22(04) : 328 -336 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.008
Objective
To investigate the quality of life, depression status, and the influencing factors of non-remission of depression in patients with T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) before and after microwave ablation (MWA).
Methods
A prospective longitudinal study design was adopted.A total of 302 T1N0M0 PTC patients who underwent MWA in the Department of Interventional Ultrasound of Chinese PLA General Hospital from November 2023 to October 2024 were prospectively selected.The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and Thyroid Cancer-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (THYCA-QoL)were used to evaluate quality of life (QOL) and depressive status of the patients before and one month after surgery.The scores before and after treatment were compared, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors related to unrelieved depression in PTC patients after ablation.
Results
After excluding 93 patients who did not complete the postoperative questionnaire, 209 patients with PTC were included in this study.Compared with the scores before MWA, depression scores were significantly decreased one month after MWA (3.74±2.69 vs 2.64±2.15, P<0.001).The incidence of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥5 points) decreased from 30.6% (64/209) before MWA to 17.2% (36/209) after MWA, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.001).Compared with those before MWA treatment, the total QOL score of EORTC QLQ-C30 had no significant change (P=0.947), but the scores of emotional and cognitive function were improved (P=0.048 and 0.035, respectively), and that of role function was decreased (P=0.002).THYCA-QoL total score decreased significantly after treatment (17.60±3.41 vs 16.80±2.80, P=0.009), and neuromuscular, attention, sympathetic nerve, psychological, sensory, and feeling cold scores were significantly improved (P=0.013, 0.010, 0.031, 0.001, 0.031, and 0.010, respectively).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (odds ratio [OR]=5.598, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.127-27.813, P=0.035) and nodules adjacent to the danger triangle of the face (OR=10.230, 95%CI: 2.542-41.168, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for unrelieved depression in PTC patients after MWA.
Conclusion
MWA can improve depression,thyroid cancer-specific symptoms, and quality of life related to emotional and cognitive function in early PTC patients.However, female patients or patients with nodules adjacent to the death triangle have poor relief in depression after MWA, and they should receive additional psychological support to better relieve depression and improve the QOL.
Key words: Papillary thyroid cancer; Depression; Quality of life; Microwave ablation
表1 甲状腺乳头状癌患者微波消融治疗前后生活质量和心理状态量表评分比较( |
量表评分项目 | 治疗前(n=209 例) | 治疗后(n=209 例) | 统计值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
EORTC QLQ-C30 | ||||
总体生活质量 | 74.16±16.37 | 80.90±16.42 | t= -4.202 | < 0.001 |
躯体功能 | 93.08±11.03 | 93.62±11.18 | t= -0.499 | 0.618 |
角色功能 | 97.37±9.23 | 93.70±14.11 | t= 3.145 | 0.002 |
情绪功能 | 85.09±14.53 | 87.92±14.62 | t= -1.983 | 0.048 |
认知功能 | 90.75±15.14 | 93.62±12.52 | t= -2.113 | 0.035 |
社会功能 | 95.85±11.85 | 93.94±13.88 | t= 1.516 | 0.130 |
疲劳 | 10.52±15.42 | 12.28±16.52 | t= -1.125 | 0.261 |
恶心呕吐 | 1.91±6.46 | 1.67±5.77 | t= 0.400 | 0.690 |
疼痛 | 5.34±11.76 | 6.62±11.33 | t= -1.130 | 0.259 |
呼吸困难 | 6.06±14.45 | 6.38±15.39 | t= -0.219 | 0.827 |
失眠 | 12.92±21.38 | 13.08±21.41 | t= -0.076 | 0.939 |
食欲丧失 | 4.31±11.67 | 4.47±12.71 | t= -0.134 | 0.894 |
便秘 | 7.34±15.99 | 6.70±16.91 | t= 0.396 | 0.692 |
腹泻 | 4.62±12.00 | 3.83±10.65 | t= 0.718 | 0.473 |
经济困难 | 7.34±19.59 | 6.70±16.27 | t= 0.362 | 0.717 |
总分 | 92.44±8.11 | 92.39±8.39 | t= -0.497 | 0.947 |
THYCA-QoL | ||||
神经肌肉 | 1.28±0.38 | 1.20±0.30 | t= 2.501 | 0.013 |
声音 | 1.20±0.40 | 1.22±0.42 | t= -0.418 | 0.676 |
注意力 | 1.22±0.41 | 1.12±0.32 | t= 2.578 | 0.010 |
交感神经 | 1.49±0.60 | 1.37±0.55 | t= 2.164 | 0.031 |
咽喉/ 口腔 | 1.38±0.41 | 1.43±0.48 | t= -1.027 | 0.305 |
心理 | 1.43±0.46 | 1.30±0.40 | t= 2.996 | 0.003 |
感官 | 1.34±0.44 | 1.25±0.42 | t= 2.164 | 0.031 |
疤痕 | 1.03±0.25 | 1.02±0.14 | t= 0.733 | 0.464 |
感到寒冷 | 1.43±0.72 | 1.26±0.56 | t= 2.574 | 0.010 |
手/ 脚刺痛 | 1.10±0.36 | 1.11±0.31 | t= -0.290 | 0.772 |
体重增加 | 1.33±0.65 | 1.24±0.53 | t= 1.574 | 0.116 |
头痛 | 1.31±0.54 | 1.31±0.54 | t= 0.000 | 1.000 |
性兴趣 | 2.06±0.82 | 1.97±0.90 | t= 1.021 | 0.308 |
总分 | 17.60±3.41 | 16.80±2.80 | t= 2.410 | 0.009 |
PHQ-9 | ||||
抑郁 | 3.74±2.69 | 2.64±2.15 | t= 4.638 | < 0.001 |
否( < 5 分)[ 例(%)] | 145(69.4) | 173(82.8) | χ 2= 3.251 | 0.001 |
是(≥ 5 分)[ 例(%)] | 64(30.6) | 36(17.2) |
注:PHQ-9 为患者健康问卷;EORTC QLQ-C30 为欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量测定量表;THYCA-QoL 为甲状腺癌特异性生活质量量表 |
表2 甲状腺乳头状癌患者微波消融治疗前后EORTC QLQ-C30、THYCA-QoL 量表评分差值与PHQ-9 量表评分差值的相关性分析 |
量表评分项目 | EORTC QLQ-C30 评分差值与PHQ-9评分差值的相关性分析统计值 | |
---|---|---|
r值 | P值 | |
EORTC QLQ-C30 | ||
总体健康情况 | -0.120 | 0.084 |
躯体功能 | -0.249 | < 0.001 |
角色功能 | -0.167 | 0.016 |
情绪功能 | -0.363 | < 0.001 |
认知功能 | -0.238 | 0.001 |
社会功能 | -0.296 | < 0.001 |
疲劳 | 0.213 | 0.002 |
恶心、呕吐 | 0.008 | 0.907 |
疼痛 | -0.060 | 0.388 |
呼吸困难 | 0.170 | 0.014 |
失眠 | 0.302 | < 0.001 |
食欲丧失 | 0.285 | < 0.001 |
便秘 | -0.027 | 0.703 |
腹泻 | 0.098 | 0.160 |
经济困难 | 0.249 | < 0.001 |
总分 | -0.402 | < 0.001 |
THYCA-QoL | ||
神经肌肉 | 0.083 | 0.230 |
声音 | 0.032 | 0.645 |
注意力 | 0.364 | < 0.001 |
交感神经 | 0.115 | 0.098 |
咽喉/ 口腔 | 0.121 | 0.080 |
心理 | 0.287 | < 0.001 |
感官 | 0.121 | 0.081 |
瘢痕 | 0.033 | 0.634 |
感到寒冷 | 0.159 | 0.022 |
手/ 脚刺痛 | -0.114 | 0.100 |
体重增加 | -0.026 | 0.714 |
头痛 | 0.224 | 0.001 |
性兴趣 | -0.162 | 0.019 |
总分 | 0.217 | 0.002 |
注:PHQ-9 为患者健康问卷;EORTC QLQ-C30 为欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量测定量表;THYCA-QoL 为甲状腺癌特异性生活质量量表 |
表3 甲状腺乳头状癌患者微波消融后抑郁缓解的单因素分析结果[例(%)] |
影响因素 | 抑郁缓解(n=33) | 抑郁未缓解(n=31) | χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 4.280 | 0.039 | ||
男性 | 13(39.4) | 5(16.1) | ||
女性 | 20(60.6) | 26(83.9) | ||
年龄 | 0.502 | 0.479 | ||
≥ 45 岁 | 9(27.3) | 11(35.5) | ||
< 45 岁 | 24(72.7) | 20(64.5) | ||
BMI | 0.563 | 0.453 | ||
< 24 kg/m2 | 15(45.5) | 17(54.8) | ||
≥ 24 kg/m2 | 18(54.5) | 14(45.2) | ||
学历 | 1.610 | 0.205 | ||
本科及以上 | 18(54.5) | 12(38.7) | ||
本科以下 | 15(45.5) | 19(61.3) | ||
婚姻状况 | 0.198 | 0.656 | ||
有配偶 | 28(84.8) | 25(80.6) | ||
无配偶 | 5(15.2) | 6(19.4) | ||
工作状态 | 0.986 | 0.321 | ||
稳定 | 19(57.6) | 14(45.2) | ||
不稳定 | 14(42.4) | 17(54.8) | ||
月收入 | 4.321 | 0.038 | ||
≥ 3000 元 | 27(81.8) | 18(58.1) | ||
< 3000 元 | 6(18.2) | 13(41.9) | ||
TNM 分期 | 0.604 | 0.437 | ||
T1a | 29(87.9) | 24(77.4) | ||
T1b | 4(12.1) | 7(22.6) | ||
邻近危险三角区 | 8.962 | 0.001 | ||
否 | 25(75.8) | 11(35.5) | ||
是 | 8(24.2) | 20(64.5) |
注:BMI 为体质量指数;TNM 分期为甲状腺肿瘤分期 |
表4 甲状腺乳头状癌患者微波消融后抑郁未缓解的多因素Logistic 回归分析结果 |
影响因素 | β 值 | 标准误 | Wald 值 | OR 值 | 95%CI | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别(女性) | 1.722 | 0.818 | 4.435 | 5.598 | 1.127 ~ 27.813 | 0.035 |
学历(本科以下) | -0.188 | 0.746 | 0.063 | 0.829 | 0.192 ~ 3.577 | 0.802 |
工作状态(不稳定) | -0.530 | 0.751 | 0.498 | 0.589 | 0.135 ~ 2.563 | 0.480 |
月收入( < 3000 元) | 1.101 | 0.769 | 2.050 | 3.009 | 0.666 ~ 13.589 | 0.152 |
TNM 分期(T1b) | 0.692 | 0.811 | 0.728 | 1.998 | 0.407 ~ 9.802 | 0.394 |
邻近危险三角区(是) | 2.325 | 0.710 | 10.714 | 10.230 | 2.542 ~ 41.168 | 0.001 |
注:TNM 分期为甲状腺肿瘤分期;模型拟合优度通过Hosmer-Lemeshow 检验评估,P=0.907,表明模型拟合良好,即预测值与实际观测值无显著差异 |
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