2025 , Vol. 22 >Issue 04: 368 - 373
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.013
超声造影在评估颞浅动脉巨细胞动脉炎患者临床分期中的应用价值
Copy editor: 汪荣
收稿日期: 2024-12-28
网络出版日期: 2025-06-09
版权
Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluating clinical stage of patients with temporal artery giant cell arteritis
Received date: 2024-12-28
Online published: 2025-06-09
Copyright
目的
探讨超声造影(CEUS)在评估颞浅动脉巨细胞动脉炎(GCA)患者临床分期中的应用价值。
方法
收集2020 年1 月至2024 年3 月宁波市第二医院临床诊断为颞浅动脉GCA的患者87 例,根据美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)制定的标准,将患者分为活动期和非活动期。所有患者均行血液炎性指标检测、颞浅动脉常规超声和CEUS 检查,比较分析活动期与非活动期患者的血液炎性指标、颞浅动脉常规超声和CEUS 检查各项参数的差异,以及不同CEUS 分级患者的各项指标参数。分析活动期患者在治疗前后各项检查参数的变化情况,以及活动期患者管壁内中膜厚度(IMT)和CEUS 分级与C 反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)和单核细胞的相关性。
结果
纳入的87 例患者中,颞浅动脉GCA 活动期患者72 例,非活动期患者15 例,两组患者的血液CRP、ESR、IMT 和CEUS 分级差异有统计学意义(t=8.976、9.029、3.324,χ2=12.135,P 均<0.05)。不同CEUS 分级之间的CRP、ESR、单核细胞和IMT 的差异具有统计学意义(F=32.978、81.550、6.432、21.664,P 均<0.05)。以CEUS 分级≥2 级作为评价颞浅动脉GCA 活动期的标准,其诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为75%和100%。在颞浅动脉GCA 活动期患者中,CEUS 分级与CRP 呈中度正相关(r=0.72,P<0.001)、与ESR 呈显著正相关(r=0.846,P<0.001)。颞浅动脉GCA 活动期患者治疗前CEUS 分级越高,治疗后CRP 和ESR 下降越明显(F=36.653、98.279,P<0.001),而IMT 变化的差异无统计学意义(H=20.465,P>0.05)。
结论
CEUS 可准确评估颞浅动脉GCA 临床分期及其炎症程度,为指导临床及时调整治疗方案,改善颞浅动脉GCA 患者预后提供影像学依据。
顾乡 , 田喜元 , 贲志飞 . 超声造影在评估颞浅动脉巨细胞动脉炎患者临床分期中的应用价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025 , 22(04) : 368 -373 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.013
Objective
To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in evaluating the clinical stage of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) of superficial temporal arteries.
Methods
From January 2020 to March 2024, 87 patients clinically diagnosed with GCA at Ningbo No.2 Hospital were enrolled.According to the criteria established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), patients were categorized into active and inactive groups.All patients underwent blood inflammatory index testing, routine temporal artery ultrasound, and CEUS examinations.The differences in blood inflammatory indices, routine temporal artery ultrasound parameters, and CEUS parameters between patients in the active and inactive groups were comparatively analyzed, as well as the various parameters among patients with different CEUS grades.The changes in various parameters before and after treatment in patients in the active phase were analyzed, along with the correlations between the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the vessel wall, CEUS grade, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and monocytes in patients in the active phase.
Results
Among the 87 patients, 72 were in the active phase of GCA and 15 were in the inactive phase.The differences in CRP, ESR, IMT, and CEUS grade between the two groups were statistically significant (t=8.976, 9.029, and 3.324, and χ2=12.135, respectively, all P<0.05).The differences in CRP, ESR,monocytes, and IMT among different CEUS grades were statistically significant (F=32.978, 81.550, 6.432,and 21.664, respectively, all P<0.05).Using CEUS grade ≥ 2 as the criterion for evaluating the active phase of GCA, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 100%, respectively.In patients with active GCA, CEUS grade was moderately positively correlated with CRP (r=0.72, P<0.001) and significantly positively correlated with ESR (r=0.846, P<0.001).In patients with active temporal artery GCA, the higher the CEUS grade before treatment, the more significant the decrease in CRP and ESR after treatment(F=36.653 and 98.279, respectively, P<0.001), while IMT had no significant difference (H=20.465, P>0.05).
Conclusion
CEUS can accurately assess the clinical stages and the degree of inflammation of GCA,providing imaging evidence to guide timely adjustment of clinical treatment plans and improve the prognosis of patients with temporal artery GCA.
±s表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t 检验,多组间比较采用方差分析;不符合正态分布的计量资料采用M(Q1,Q3)表示,两组之间比较采用非参数Mann-Whitney U 检验,多组数据之间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H 检验;计数资料采用例(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2 检验。CEUS 分级与血液炎性指标之间的相关性采用Pearson 或Spearman 分析。P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。表1 颞浅动脉GCA 活动期与非活动期患者的一般临床资料和超声检查结果比较 |
| 资料 | 活动期组(n=72) | 非活动期组(n=15) | 统计值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别[ 例(%)] | χ 2=-0.722 | 0.472 | ||
| 男 | 41(56.94) | 7(46.67) | ||
| 女 | 31(63.06) | 8(53.33) | ||
| 年龄(岁, ± s ) | 73.39±8.99 | 64.8±8.79 | t= 0.377 | 0.651 |
| 身高(cm, ± s ) | 163.38±0.08 | 162.27±0.09 | t= 0.485 | 0.629 |
| 体重(kg, ± s ) | 60.14±11.09 | 59.83±7.45 | t= 0.102 | 0.919 |
| BMI(kg/m2, ± s ) | 22.4±2.97 | 22.78±2.76 | t= -0.456 | 0.65 |
| CRP[mg/L,M ( Q1, Q3 )] | 84.43(12.1,152.4) | 4.8(2.14,6.23) | Z= 8.976 | < 0.001 |
| ESR[mm/h,M ( Q1, Q3 )] | 49.13(19.2,92.1) | 13.53(5.23,21.12) | Z= 9.029 | < 0.001 |
| 单核细胞[109/L,M ( Q1, Q3 )] | 0.67(0.23,0.98) | 0.46(0.23,0.58) | Z= 0.596 | 0.543 |
| 血小板[109/L,M ( Q1, Q3 )] | 272.71(171.21,321.85) | 254.47(144.23,381.23) | Z= 0.597 | 0.552 |
| IMT(mm, ± s ) | 0.49±0.20 | 0.31±0.15 | t= 3.324 | 0.001 |
| 管径(mm, ± s ) | 1.79±0.34 | 1.65±0.29 | t= 1.532 | 0.129 |
| CEUS 分级[ 例(%)] | χ 2=12.135 | < 0.001 | ||
| 0 级 | 8(11.11) | 14(93.33) | ||
| 1 级 | 10(13.89) | 1(6.67) | ||
| 2 级 | 22(30.56) | 0 | ||
| 3 级 | 32(44.44) | 0 |
注:GCA 为巨细胞动脉炎;BMI 为体质量指数;CRP 为C 反应蛋白;ESR 为红细胞沉降率;IMT 为管壁内中膜厚度;CEUS 为超声造影 |
表2 不同CEUS 分级患者的一般临床资料及超声检查结果比较( |
| 资料 | 0 级(n=22) | 1 级(n=11) | 2 级(n=22) | 3 级(n=32) | 统计值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 性别[ 例(%)] | χ 2=0.165 | 0.919 | ||||
| 男 | 11(50.0) | 6(54.5) | 11(50.0) | 18(56.3) | ||
| 女 | 11(50.0) | 5(45.5) | 11(50.0) | 14(43.7) | ||
| 年龄(岁) | 69.08±10.27 | 73.75±8.11 | 72.23±11.46 | 73.16±8.47 | F= 1.170 | 0.326 |
| 身高(cm) | 162.46±9.47 | 164.13±7.38 | 164.00±6.31 | 162.97±7.95 | F= 0.191 | 0.902 |
| 体重(kg) | 60.20±9.80 | 60.19±9.15 | 65.81±11.74 | 57.62±10.74 | F= 1.933 | 0.131 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 22.76±2.85 | 22.26±2.28 | 24.43±3.76 | 21.54±2.57c | F= 3.404 | 0.021 |
| CRP(mg/L) | 11.55±9.08 | 21.68±9.93 | 98.03±59.65ab | 132.18±74.47ab | F= 32.978 | < 0.001 |
| ESR(mm/h) | 13.27±6.54 | 20.50±8.77 | 57.92±21.40ab | 72.31±20.58abc | F= 81.550 | < 0.001 |
| 单核细胞(109/L) | 0.48±0.15 | 0.54±0.25 | 0.76±0.33a | 0.76±0.33a | F= 6.432 | < 0.001 |
| 血小板(109/L) | 240.77±114.85 | 266.63±87.91 | 327.92±75.34 | 270.72±114.86 | F= 1.979 | 0.123 |
| IMT(mm) | 0.30±0.14 | 0.38±0.13 | 0.56±0.13ab | 0.60±0.18ab | F= 21.664 | < 0.001 |
| 管径(mm) | 1.71±0.30 | 1.73±0.25 | 1.91±0.40 | 1.77±0.36 | F= 1.142 | 0.337 |
注:CEUS 为超声造影;BMI 为体质量指数;CRP 为C 反应蛋白;ESR 为红细胞沉降率;IMT 为管壁内中膜厚度;与0 级比较,aP<0.05;与1 级比较,bP<0.05;与2 级比较,cP<0.05;所有两两比较均经过Bonferroni 校正 |
表3 不同CEUS 分级的颞浅动脉GCA 活动期患者在治疗前后CRP、ESR 和IMT 变化的绝对值比较 |
| 参数 | 0 级(n=8) | 1 级(n=10) | 2 级(n=22) | 3 级(n=32) | 统计值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRP(mg/L, ± s ) | 5.06±3.42 | 11.82±7.26 | 56.18±34.8 | 84.12±47.88 | F=36.653 | < 0.001 |
| ESR(mm/h, ± s ) | 3.75±4.16 | 10.88±6.6 | 35.23±15.1 | 46.16±13.44 | F=98.279 | < 0.001 |
| IMT [mm,M ( Q1, Q3 )] | 0.00(0.00,0.00) | 0.00(0.00,0.00) | 0.10(0.00,0.10) | 0.10(0.00,0.10) | H=20.465 | 0.106 |
注:GCA 为巨细胞动脉炎;CEUS 为超声造影;CRP 为C 反应蛋白;ESR 为红细胞沉降率;IMT 为管壁内中膜厚度 |
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