2025 , Vol. 22 >Issue 04: 354 - 359
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.011
梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者左心房/左心室内径比值与左心室流出道梗阻程度的相关性研究
Copy editor: 汪荣
收稿日期: 2024-12-11
网络出版日期: 2025-06-09
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(82230065)
版权
Correlation between left atrial/left ventricular diameter ratio and degree of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Received date: 2024-12-11
Online published: 2025-06-09
Copyright
目的
探讨梗阻性肥厚型心肌病(HOCM)患者左心房/左心室内径比值与左心室流出道(LVOT)梗阻程度的相关性。
方法
这是一项回顾性观察性研究。连续纳入2021 年1 月至2023 年12 月空军军医大学附属西京医院就诊的HOCM 患者364 例,收集患者人口统计学参数以及24 h 肱动脉血压参数。采用超声心动图测量室间隔基底最大室间隔厚度(MIVS)、二尖瓣前瓣叶(AML)和后瓣叶(PML)长度、二尖瓣闭合点与室间隔距离(CS)、左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVi)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVi)、左心室舒张末期左心房前后径(LAD)和左心室前后径(LVD),计算左心房/左心室内径比值(LAD/LVD),同时记录二尖瓣前向运动(SAM)征以及E/e’,采用连续多普勒超声测量LVOT 静息压差(LVOTPG-r)以及采用运动负荷超声心动图测量LVOT 负荷压差(LVOTPG-p)。分析静息和运动负荷LVOT 压差与各参数的相关性。
结果
Pearson相关性分析显示,LVOTPG-r 自然对数值[ln(LVOTPG-r)]与年龄(r =0.240,P<0.001)、MIVS(r =-0.224,P<0.001)、AML(r =0.135,P =0.010)、LAD/LVD(r =0.195,P<0.001)、LVESVi(r =0.113,P =0.031)以及E/e’(r =0.195,P<0.001)呈线性相关;Spearman 相关性分析显示,ln(LVOTPG-r)与性别(r=0.191,P<0.001)和SAM 征分级(r=0.343,P<0.001)呈线性相关。多变量线性回归分析显示,LAD/LVD 与ln(LVOTPG-r)独立相关(P =0.008)。Pearson 相关性分析显示,LVOTPG-p 自然对数值[ln(LVOTPG-p)]与年龄(r =0.128,P<0.001)、平均肱动脉舒张压(r =-0.127,P =0.015)、心率(r =0.104,P =0.048)、MIVS(r =-0.210,P<0.001)、AML(r =0.116,P =0.027)、PML(r =0.184,P<0.001)、LAD/LVD 比值(r =0.195,P<0.001)以及E/e’(r =0.201,P<0.001)呈线性相关;Spearman 相关性分析显示,ln(LVOTPG-p)与性别(r =0.125,P =0.017)和SAM 征分级(r =0.296,P<0.001)呈线性相关。多变量线性回归分析显示,LAD/LVD 与ln(LVOTPG-p)独立相关(P =0.017)。
结论
无论是静息还是运动负荷状态,HOCM 患者LAD/LVD 与LVOT 梗阻程度存在一定的相关关系,提示临床需要充分考虑HOCM 患者房室不成比例对LVOT 梗阻的贡献,以制定合理的治疗方案以及预后评估策略。
徐博 , 郭瀚琳 , 雷常慧 , 李静 , 周一丁 , 拓胜军 , 段维勋 , 赵荣 , 刘金成 , 刘丽文 . 梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者左心房/左心室内径比值与左心室流出道梗阻程度的相关性研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025 , 22(04) : 354 -359 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.011
Objective
To investigate the correlation between left atrial/ventricular diameter ratio(LAD/LVD) and the degree of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM).
Methods
A total of 364 HOCM patients in Xijing Hospital were continuously enrolled.The demographic parameters and 24-hour brachial artery blood pressure parameters of the patients were collected.The following parameters were obtained using transthoracic echocardiography:maximum septal thickness (MIVS) at the base of the septum, length of anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and posterior mitral leaflet (PML), coaptation point of the leaflets and the septum (CS), left ventricular enddiastolic volume index (LVEDVi), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi), left ventricular enddiastolic left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVD), and left atrial/ ventricular diameter ratio (LAD/LVD).SAM and E/e' were recorded as well.LVOT resting gradient (LVOTPG-r) was measured by continuous Doppler and LVOT provoking gradient (LVOTPG-p) was measured by exercise stress echocardiography.The correlation between LAD/LVD and LVOTPG-r and LVOTPG-p was analyzed.
Results
Pearson correlation analysis showed that natural logarithm LVOTPG-r [ln(LVOTPG-r)] was linearly correlated with age (r =0.240, P<0.001), MIVS (r =-0.224, P<0.001), AML (r =0.135, P =0.010),LAD/LVD ratio (r =0.195, P <0.001), LVESVi (r =0.113, P =0.031), and E/e' (r =0.195, P <0.001).Spearman's correlation analysis showed that ln(LVOTPG-r) was linearly correlated with gender (r =0.191,P<0.001) and SAM classification (r =0.343, P<0.001).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, MIVS, AML, SAM classification, LVESVi, and E/e', the LAD/LVD ratio was independently correlated with ln(LVOTPG-r) (P =0.008).Pearson correlation analysis showed that natural logarithm LVOTPG-p [ln(LVOTPG-p)] was linearly correlated with age (r =0.128, P<0.001), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r =-0.127, P =0.015), heart rate (HR) (r =1.04, P =0.048), MIVS (r =-0.210,P<0.001), AML (r =0.116, P =0.027), PML (r =0.184, P<0.001), LAD/LVD ratio (r =0.195, P<0.001),and E/e' (r =0.201, P<0.001).Spearman's correlation analysis showed that ln(LVOTPG-p) was linearly correlated with gender (r =0.125, P =0.017) and SAM classif ication (r =0.296, P<0.001).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, mean DBP, HR, MIVS, AML, PML, and E/e',the LAD/LVD ratio was independently correlated with ln(LVOTPG-p) (P =0.017).
Conclusion
There is an independent correlation between the LAD/LVD and the degree of LVOT obstruction in patients with HOCM,whether at rest or under exercise state.This suggests that clinicians need to fully consider the contribution of LAD/LVD ratio to LVOT obstruction in patients with HOCM, in order to develop reasonable treatment plans and prognostic evaluation strategies.
表1 不同LAD/LVD 比值的3 组HOCM 患者的临床资料比较( |
临床资料 | LAD/LVD ≤ 0.89 组(n=122) | 0.89 <LAD/LVD< 1.0组(n=132) | LAD/LVD≥ 1.0 组(n=110) | 统计值 | P0 | P1 | P2 | P3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别[ 男,例(%)] | 88(72.1) | 84(63.6) | 62(56.4) | χ 2=6.966 | 0.030 | 0.148 | 0.250 | 0.016 |
年龄(岁) | 43.85±13.61 | 48.64±11.94 | 50.38±13.46 | F=8.062 | < 0.001 | 0.011 | < 0.001 | 0.901 |
BSA(m2) | 1.80±0.22 | 1.79±0.21 | 1.75±0.18 | F=1.691 | 0.186 | - | - | - |
BMI(kg/m2) | 25.32±3.66 | 25.74±3.83 | 24.95±3.00 | F=1.532 | 0.218 | - | - | - |
平均SBP(mmHg) | 119.19±16.50 | 117.88±16.63 | 117.52±19.02 | F=1.535 | 0.217 | - | - | - |
平均DBP(mmHg) | 69.62±10.85 | 70.00±11.43 | 68.43±11.30 | F=0.640 | 0.528 | - | - | - |
平均HR(次/min) | 69.62±10.85 | 70.00±11.43 | 68.43±11.64 | F=2.941 | 0.054 | - | - | - |
MIVS(mm) | 24.29±5.91 | 24.15±5.26 | 24.42±5.45 | F=0.073 | 0.930 | - | - | - |
AML(mm) | 27.41±4.81 | 26.79±4.64 | 27.00±5.09 | F=0.523 | 0.593 | - | - | - |
PML(mm) | 17.60±4.55 | 17.07±4.07 | 17.37±4.41 | F=0.468 | 0.627 | - | - | - |
SAM 征Ⅲ级[ 例(%)] | 48(39.3) | 62(47.0) | 67(60.9) | χ 2=13.166 | 0.040 | 0.220 | 0.001 | 0.060 |
CS(mm) | 12.84±2.37 | 12.05±2.10 | 11.96±2.43 | F=5.420 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.029 | 1.000 |
LVOTPG-r[mmHg,M(QR)] | 72.0(39.5) | 82.0(48.0) | 91.0(46.8) | H=14.155 | 0.001 | 0.064 | < 0.001 | 0.048 |
LVORPG-p[mmHg,M(QR)] | 104.0(60.5) | 117.0(71.0) | 125.0(67.8) | H=12.744 | 0.002 | 0.012 | 0.001 | 0.265 |
LVEDVi(ml) | 44.00±8.73 | 43.86±8.84 | 43.62±8.89 | F=0.055 | 0.946 | - | - | - |
LVESVi(ml) | 18.74±4.39 | 17.31±4.29 | 17.35±4.65 | F=4.113 | 0.017 | 0.032 | 0.052 | 1.000 |
LVEF(%) | 59.38±4.48 | 59.83±3.87 | 59.87±5.00 | F=0.464 | 0.629 | - | - | - |
E/e’ | 15.41±6.75 | 16.75±5.70 | 17.44±6.26 | F=3.605 | 0.028 | 0.212 | 0.028 | 1.000 |
注:1 mmHg =0.133 kPa;HOCM 为梗阻性肥厚型心肌病;LAD/LVD 为左心房/左心室内径比值;BSA 为体表面积;BMI 为体质量指数;SBP为肱动脉收缩压;DBP 为肱动脉舒张压;HR 为心率;MIVS 为最大室间隔厚度;AML 为二尖瓣前叶长度;PML 为二尖瓣后叶长度;SAM 为二尖瓣收缩期前向运动;CS 为二尖瓣关闭点与室间隔的距离;LVOTPG-r 为左心室流出道静息压差;LVOTPG-p 为左心室流出道负荷压差;LVEDVi为左心室舒张末期容积指数;LVESVi 为左心室收缩末期容积指数;LVEF 为左心室射血分数;P0 为3 组比较的P 值;P1 为LAD/LVD ≤0.89 组与0.89<LAD/LVD<1.0 组比较;P2 为LAD/LVD ≤0.89 组与LAD/LVD ≥1.0 组比较;P3 为0.89<LAD/LVD<1.0 组与LAD/LVD ≥1.0 组比较;-表示无相关统计值 |
表2 LVOTPG-r 与临床指标的多变量线性回归分析 |
变量 | 未标准化系数 | 标准化系数 | t值 | P值 | 共线性统计 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β 值 | 标准误 | β 值 | 容差 | 方差膨胀因子 | |||
常数 | 3.573 | 0.210 | 17.039 | < 0.001 | |||
年龄 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.104 | 1.928 | 0.045 | 0.769 | 1.301 |
MIVS | -0.017 | 0.004 | -0.208 | -3.923 | < 0.001 | 0.819 | 1.221 |
SAM 征分级 | 0.190 | 0.032 | 0.292 | 5.933 | < 0.001 | 0.934 | 1.071 |
LVESVi | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.098 | 1.999 | 0.046 | 0.930 | 1.075 |
LAD/LVD | 0.426 | 0.159 | 0.138 | 2.683 | 0.008 | 0.853 | 1.172 |
注:模型检验:F = 18.877,P<0.001;R2 = 0.461;LVOTPG-r 为左心室流出道静息压差;MIVS 为最大室间隔厚度;SAM 为二尖瓣收缩期前向运动;LVESVi 为左心室收缩末期容积指数;LAD/LVD 为左心房/左心室内径比值 |
表3 LVOTPG-p 与临床指标的多变量线性回归分析 |
变量 | 未标准化系数 | 标准化系数 | t值 | P值 | 共线性统计 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β 值 | 标准误 | β 值 | 容差 | 方差膨胀因子 | |||
常数 | 4.709 | 0.277 | 17.001 | < 0.001 | |||
平均DBP | -0.005 | 0.002 | -0.099 | -2.167 | 0.031 | 0.975 | 1.025 |
MIVS | -0.023 | 0.005 | -0.229 | -5.016 | < 0.001 | 0.982 | 1.019 |
SAM 征分级 | 0.324 | 0.038 | 0.403 | 8.608 | < 0.001 | 0.934 | 1.070 |
PML | -0.021 | 0.006 | -0.171 | -3.701 | < 0.001 | 0.928 | 1.077 |
LAD/LVD | 0.428 | 0.178 | 0.113 | 2.403 | 0.017 | 0.928 | 1.025 |
注:模型检验:F=28.300,P<0.001;R2=0.538;LVOTPG-p 为左心室流出道负荷压差;DBP 为肱动脉舒张压;MIVS 为最大室间隔厚度;SAM 为二尖瓣收缩期前向运动;PML 为二尖瓣后瓣叶;LAD/LVD 为左心房/左心室内径比值 |
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