2025 , Vol. 22 >Issue 03: 215 - 223
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.03.005
超声引导下医用无水乙醇硬化治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿疗效的影响因素分析
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2024-12-31
网络出版日期: 2025-06-10
版权
Analysis of factors associated with ineffectiveness of ultrasound-guided medical anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometriotic cysts
Received date: 2024-12-31
Online published: 2025-06-10
Copyright
目的
探讨影响超声引导下医用无水乙醇硬化治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿疗效的相关因素。
方法
回顾性纳入2022年6月至2023年11月浙江大学附属浙江医院超声医学中心接受超声引导下医用无水乙醇硬化治疗的42个卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿。根据术后12个月超声随访测量结果,计算囊肿体积缩小率(VRR),随后将患者分为疗效欠佳组(VRR≤50%)和有效组(VRR>50%)。采用χ2检验和t检验分析比较2组年龄、病程、血清癌抗原12-5(CA12-5)水平、术前囊肿最大径、囊肿基线体积、囊壁厚度、内部回声及是否存在单发的纤细分隔方面的差异,探讨2组间疗效差异可能的影响因素。最终,通过多因素Logistic回归分析构建疗效欠佳的列线图预测模型,并采用受试者操作特征曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、校准曲线及临床决策曲线对列线图模型效能进行系统验证。
结果
42个囊肿包括疗效欠佳组9个(9/42,21.4%)与有效组33个(33/42,78.6%),囊肿终末体积为分别为(177.64±28.66)cm3、(29.07±4.94)cm3,平均VRR分别为48.09%、85.98%。疗效欠佳组术前囊肿最大径及基线体积大于有效组[(9.43±2.07)cm vs (7.50±1.34)cm;(342.97±165.25)cm³ vs (176.46±88.52)cm³],血清CA12-5水平亦较高[(71.69±12.78)U/ml vs(56.06±16.11)U/ml],差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.706,P=0.001;t=-4.326,P<0.001;t=-2.682,P=0.011)。同时,2组在病程、囊肿内部回声和囊壁厚度方面差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而2组年龄和囊内分隔比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。进一步多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术前囊肿最大径和囊壁厚度≥3 mm是影响疗效的2个独立危险因素(回归系数=0.817、2.149,OR=2.263、8.575,P=0.021、0.033)。基于此构建的列线图模型具有良好的区分度、准确性及临床应用价值。
结论
术前囊肿最大径、囊壁厚度≥3 mm是影响超声引导下医用无水乙醇硬化治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿疗效的2个独立危险因素。基于此构建的列线图模型可以识别预期疗效欠佳的高风险人群,为临床决策提供参考。
朱晓璐 , 孙希希 , 柴佳园 , 董泽洋 , 赵梦瑶 , 黄斌 . 超声引导下医用无水乙醇硬化治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿疗效的影响因素分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025 , 22(03) : 215 -223 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.03.005
Objective
To identify the factors associated with the ineffectiveness of ultrasoundguided medical anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometrial cysts.
Methods
This retrospective study included 42 ovarian endometrial cysts that underwent ultrasound-guided medical anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy at the Ultrasound Medical Center of Zhejiang Hospital from June 2022 to November 2023.The volume reduction rate (VRR%) of the cysts was calculated based on the ultrasound measurements at the 12-month follow-up. The patients were then divided into an ineffective group (VRR% ≤ 50%) and an effective group (VRR% > 50%). The χ² test and t-test were employed to compare intergroup differences in age, disease duration, serum cancer antigen 12-5 (CA12-5) levels, initial maximum diameter and volume,cyst wall thickness, internal echogenicity, and presence of fine septa. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the ineffectiveness of ultrasound-guided medical anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy to construct a nomogram model, which was validated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.
Results
Among the 42 cysts, 9 were in the ineffective group (9/42, 21.4%) and 33 in the effective group (33/42, 78.6%). Final cyst volumes were (177.64±28.66) cm³ versus (29.07±4.94) cm³ in the ineffective group and effective group, with a mean VRR of 48.09% and 85.98%, respectively. The ineffective group exhibited significantly larger initial maximum diameter [(9.43±2.07) cm vs (7.50±1.34) cm, t=-3.706, P=0.001], greater initial volume [(342.97±165.25) cm³ vs (176.46±88.52) cm³, t=-4.326, P<0.001], and higher CA12-5 levels[(71.69±12.78) U/ml vs (56.06±16.11) U/ml, t=-2.682, P=0.011]. Significant intergroup differences were observed in disease duration, internal echogenicity, and cyst wall thickness (P<0.05) between the two groups, though there was no statistically significant difference in age or intracystic septation (P>0.05).Multivariate logistic regression identified initial maximum diameter (odds ratio [OR]=2.263, P=0.021) and cyst wall thickness ≥ 3 mm (OR=8.575, P=0.033) as independent risk factors. The constructed nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC=0.891), calibration, and clinical applicability.
Conclusion
The initial maximum diameter and cyst wall thickness ≥ 3 mm are independent risk factors for the ineffectiveness of ultrasound-guided medical anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy of ovarian endometrial cysts. The nomogram model constructed based on these factors can help physicians early identify high-risk patients with poor efficacy.
Key words: Endometriosis; Ovarian cysts; Slerotherapy; Risk factors; Regression analysis
表示,有效组与疗效欠佳组组间差异比较前先进行方差齐性Levene检验,若方差齐,采用t检验,若方差不齐,采用非参数检验;病程、囊肿内部回声、囊壁厚度、囊内分隔为计数资料,以例数(%)表示,组间差异比较采用χ2检验。表1 卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿术后不同疗效组间影响因素差异比较 |
| 因素 | 疗效欠佳组(n=9) | 有效组(n=33) | 统计值 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄(岁, ± s ) | 32.11±6.64 | 30.67±6.86 | t=-0.563 | 0.576 |
| 病程[ 例(%)] | χ 2=5.727 | 0.041 | ||
| < 1 年 | 3(33.33) | 25(75.76) | ||
| ≥ 1 年 | 6(66.67) | 8(24.24) | ||
| 血清癌抗原12-5(U/ml, ± s ) | 71.69±12.78 | 56.06±16.11 | t=-2.682 | 0.011 |
| 术前囊肿最大径(cm, ± s ) | 9.43±2.07 | 7.50±1.34 | t=-3.706 | 0.001 |
| 囊肿基线体积(cm3, ± s ) | 342.97±165.25 | 176.46±88.52 | t=-4.326 | <0.001 |
| 囊肿内部回声[ 例(%)] | χ 2=4.100 | 0.043 | ||
| 单纯囊肿型 | 1(11.11) | 16(48.48) | ||
| 混合回声型 | 8(88.88) | 17(51.52) | ||
| 囊壁厚度[ 例(%)] | χ 2=8.827 | 0.003 | ||
| < 3 mm | 2(22.22) | 25(75.76) | ||
| ≥ 3 mm | 7(77.78) | 8(24.24) | ||
| 囊内分隔[ 例(%)] | χ 2=1.974 | 0.160 | ||
| 无 | 5(55.55) | 26(78.79) | ||
| 有 | 4(44.44) | 7(21.21) |
表2 卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿术后疗效影响因素Logistic回归分析赋值表 |
| 变量名称 | 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|---|---|
| 病程 | X1 | < 1 年=0,≥ 1 年=1 |
| 术前癌抗原12-5 | X2 | 连续变量 |
| 术前囊肿最大径 | X3 | 连续变量 |
| 囊肿内部回声 | X4 | 单纯囊肿型=0,混合回声型=1 |
| 囊壁厚度 | X5 | 厚度< 3 m=0,厚度≥ 3 mm=1 |
表3 卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿医用无水乙醇硬化治疗术后疗效影响因素的Logistic逐步回归分析结果 |
| 因素 | 回归系数 | 标准误 | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR 值 | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 术前囊肿最大径 | 0.817 | 0.354 | 5.339 | 0.021 | 2.263 | 1.132 ~ 4.526 |
| 囊壁厚度≥ 3 mm | 2.149 | 1.005 | 4.568 | 0.033 | 8.575 | 1.196 ~ 61.518 |
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