2025 , Vol. 22 >Issue 03: 253 - 260
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.03.010
常规超声联合自动乳腺容积成像对乳腺非肿块型病变良恶性的诊断价值
Copy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2024-12-02
网络出版日期: 2025-06-10
版权
Diagnostic value of conventional ultrasound combined with automated breast volume scanning in breast non-mass lesions
Received date: 2024-12-02
Online published: 2025-06-10
Copyright
目的
探讨常规超声联合自动乳腺容积成像(ABVS)对乳腺非肿块型病变(NML)良恶性的诊断价值。
方法
收集2023年1月至11月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院常规超声拟诊为乳腺NML的152例患者。将NML分为导管型与非导管型,记录其在常规超声与ABVS下的超声征象(如血流分布情况、微钙化、内部回声、后方特征、周围结构扭曲及腋窝淋巴结有无异常,汇聚征、跳跃征、病变分布、导管型NML的导管改变,以及非导管型NML的病变方向)。以病理学结果为金标准,联合2种检查的超声征象行单因素自变量分析,显示有统计学意义的自变量采用Logistic逐步回归分析筛选出独立影响因素,构建常规超声+ABVS模型的诊断标准,并采用Z检验对比其与常规超声诊断效能的差异。
结果
多因素Logistic回归分析显示:(1)微钙化、汇聚征(ABVS)与导管走行僵直、截断为预测导管型NML良恶性的独立影响因素(OR=55.522、12.321、3.740,P=0.001、0.015、0.033)。常规超声与常规超声+ABVS模型诊断导管型NML病灶良恶性的敏感度、特异度及曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.679、0.677、0.678和0.786、0.968、0.877,常规超声+ABVS模型的诊断效能更高,差异具有统计学意义(Z=-3.479,P=0.001);(2)微钙化、汇聚征(ABVS)、血流信号为预测非导管型NML恶性病变的独立影响因素(OR=46.435、11.914、9.594,P=0.002、0.002、0.013)。常规超声与常规超声+ABVS模型鉴别非导管型NML良恶性病灶的敏感度、特异度及AUC分别为0.867、0.848、0.858和0.917、0.909、0.913,两者诊断效能比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
结论
与常规超声相比,常规超声+ABVS模型可提高乳腺NML良恶性的诊断性能,该模型对导管型NML的诊断价值较高,对非导管型NML的良恶性诊断无显著优势。
王思琪 , 邢萍 , 张春梅 , 刘千琪 , 吴长君 . 常规超声联合自动乳腺容积成像对乳腺非肿块型病变良恶性的诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025 , 22(03) : 253 -260 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.03.010
Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound combined with automated breast volume scanning (ABVS) for breast non-mass lesions (NMLs).
Methods
From January 2023 to November 2023, a total of 152 patients preliminarily diagnosed with breast NMLs by routine ultrasound at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were retrospectively collected.NMLs were categorized into ductal and non-ductal types. The ultrasonic characteristics, including blood flow distribution, microcalcification, internal echogenicity, posterior features, peripheral structural distortion,axillary lymph node abnormalities, convergence sign, stierlin sign, lesion distribution, ductal morphology changes of ducted NMLs, and directional features of non-ducted NMLs, were systematically recorded using both conventional ultrasound and ABVS. Using pathological results as the gold standard, univariate analysis was conducted based on the ultrasonic findings from both modalities. Significant independent variables were subjected to Logistic stepwise regression analysis to identify independent influencing factors. Based on these findings, a diagnostic model integrating conventional ultrasound with ABVS was established, and its diagnostic efficacy was compared with that of conventional ultrasound alone using the Z-test.
Results
Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that microcalcification, convergence sign (ABVS),ductal rigidity, and amputation were independent predictors of benign versus malignant ductal NMLs (odds ratio [OR]=55.522, 12.321, and 3.740, P=0.001, 0.015, 0.033,respectively). The sensitivity, specificity,and area under the curve (AUC) for conventional ultrasound alone and the model integrating conventional ultrasound with ABVS in diagnosing benign and malignant ductal NMLs were 0.679, 0.677, 0.678, and 0.786, 0.968, 0.877, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the combination model was significantly higher than that of conventional ultrasound alone (Z=-3.479, P=0.001). Microcalcification, convergence sign(ABVS), and blood flow signal were identified as independent predictors of malignant non-ductal NMLs(OR=46.435, 11.914, and 9.594, P=0.002, 0.002, 0.013,respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for conventional ultrasound alone and the model integrating conventional ultrasound with ABVS in differentiating benign from malignant NMLs were 0.867, 0.848, 0.858, and 0.917, 0.909, 0.913, respectively.No statistically significant difference was observed in diagnostic efficacy between the two models (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared to conventional ultrasound, the model integrating conventional ultrasound with ABVS enhances the diagnostic performance for NMLs. This model demonstrates greater diagnostic value for ductal NMLs but does not provide significant advantages in the qualitative diagnosis of non-ductal NMLs.
Key words: Breast; Non-mass lesions; Ultrasound; Automated breast volume scanning
表1 常规超声和自动乳腺容积成像评价乳腺导管型非肿块病变良恶性的特征比较[例(%)] |
项目 | 良性(n=31) | 恶性(n=28) | χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
常规超声 | ||||
腋窝淋巴结异常 | 6.048 | 0.019 | ||
无 | 31(100) | 23(82.14) | ||
有 | 0(0) | 5(17.86) | ||
血流信号 | 23.111 | < 0.001 | ||
稀少 | 26(83.87) | 6(21.43) | ||
丰富 | 5(16.13) | 22(78.57) | ||
内部回声 | 20.824 | < 0.001 | ||
低回声 | 11(35.48) | 26(92.86) | ||
等回声 | 17(54.83) | 2(7.14) | ||
高回声 | 3(9.69) | 0(0) | ||
后方特征 | 16.766 | < 0.001 | ||
无特征 | 19(61.30) | 14(50.00) | ||
衰减 | 3(9.69) | 14(50.00) | ||
增强 | 9(29.01) | 0(0) | ||
周围结构扭曲 | ||||
无 | 23(74.19) | 11(39.29) | 7.342 | 0.006 |
有 | 8(25.81) | 17(60.71) | ||
微钙化 | 35.112 | < 0.001 | ||
无 | 30(96.78) | 6(21.43) | ||
有 | 1(3.22) | 22(78.57) | ||
病变分布 | 0.073 | 0.786 | ||
中心型 | 11(35.48) | 9(32.14) | ||
周围型 | 20(64.52) | 19(67.86) | ||
导管改变 | 21.496 | < 0.001 | ||
走行平直 | 22(70.97) | 5(17.86) | ||
走行扭曲、连续 | 7(22.58) | 7(25.00) | ||
走行僵直、截断 | 2(6.45) | 16(57.14) | ||
自动乳腺容积成像 | ||||
汇聚征 | 28.416 | < 0.001 | ||
无 | 27(87.10) | 5(17.86) | ||
有 | 4(12.90) | 23(82.14) | ||
跳跃征 | 0.345 | 0.660 | ||
无 | 29(93.55) | 25(89.29) | ||
有 | 2(6.45) | 3(10.71) |
表2 常规超声和自动乳腺容积成像评价乳腺非导管型非肿块病变良恶性的特征比较[例(%)] |
项目 | 良性(n=33) | 恶性(n=60) | χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
常规超声 | ||||
腋窝淋巴结异常 | 8.312 | 0.003 | ||
无 | 33(100) | 47(78.33) | ||
有 | 0(0) | 13(21.67) | ||
血流信号 | 26.154 | < 0.001 | ||
稀少 | 23(69.70) | 10(16.67) | ||
丰富 | 10(30.30) | 50(83.33) | ||
内部回声 | 4.065 | 0.160 | ||
低回声 | 26(78.79) | 53(88.33) | ||
等回声 | 7(21.21) | 5(8.33) | ||
高回声 | 0(0) | 2(3.34) | ||
后方特征 | 49.424 | < 0.001 | ||
无特征 | 28(84.85) | 7(11.67) | ||
衰减 | 4(12.12) | 51(85.00) | ||
增强 | 1(3.03) | 2(3.33) | ||
周围结构扭曲 | ||||
无 | 23(69.70) | 12(20.00) | 22.403 | < 0.001 |
有 | 10(30.30) | 48(80.00) | ||
微钙化 | 44.116 | < 0.001 | ||
无 | 32(96.97) | 15(25.00) | ||
有 | 1(3.03) | 45(75.00) | ||
病变方向 | 0.047 | 1.000 | ||
非平行 | 2(6.06) | 3(5.00) | ||
平行 | 31(93.94) | 57(95.00) | ||
病变分布 | 20.580 | < 0.001 | ||
弥漫性 | 1(3.03) | 0(0) | ||
节段性 | 9(27.27) | 45(75.00) | ||
局灶性 | 23(69.70) | 15(25.00) | ||
自动乳腺容积成像 | ||||
汇聚征 | ||||
无 | 28(84.85) | 6(10.00) | 51.426 | < 0.001 |
有 | 5(15.15) | 54(90.00) | ||
跳跃征 | ||||
无 | 30(90.90) | 58(96.67) | 1.387 | 0.342 |
有 | 3(9.10) | 2(3.33) |
表3 乳腺导管型非肿块恶性病变的Logistic多因素回归分析结果 |
变量 | 回归系数 | 标准误 | Wald 值 | P值 | OR 值(95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
微钙化 | 4.0168 | 1.2418 | 10.4626 | 0.001 | 55.522(4.869~633.147) |
汇聚征 | 2.5113 | 1.0329 | 5.9119 | 0.015 | 12.321(1.627~93.287) |
导管走行僵直、截断 | 1.319 | 0.6183 | 4.5501 | 0.033 | 3.740(1.113~12.564) |
表4 乳腺非导管型非肿块恶性病变的Logistic多因素回归分析结果 |
变量 | 回归系数 | 标准误 | Wald 值 | P值 | OR 值(95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
微钙化 | 3.8381 | 1.2327 | 9.6935 | 0.002 | 46.435(4.145~520.188) |
汇聚征 | 2.4777 | 0.8079 | 9.4064 | 0.002 | 11.914(2.446~58.042) |
血流信号 | 2.2611 | 0.9077 | 6.2054 | 0.013 | 9.594(1.619~56.833) |
图2 乳腺导管型非肿块病变病理结果为浸润性导管癌的声像图。图a:常规超声显示导管扩张、截断;图b:常规超声显示导管内低回声伴散在钙化;图c:自动乳腺容积成像(ABVS)显示汇聚征(箭头),常规超声+ABVS联合诊断将其归为恶性 |
表5 常规超声与常规超声+ABVS模型对乳腺导管型NML和非导管型NML的诊断与病理结果对照(例) |
病理结果 | 导管型NML | 非导管型NML | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
常规超声 | 常规超声+ABVS | 常规超声 | 常规超声+ABVS | |||||
良性 | 恶性 | 良性 | 恶性 | 良性 | 恶性 | 良性 | 恶性 | |
良性 | 21 | 10 | 30 | 1 | 26 | 7 | 30 | 3 |
恶性 | 9 | 19 | 6 | 22 | 10 | 50 | 5 | 55 |
注:ABVS为自动乳腺容积成像,NML为非肿块病变 |
表6 常规超声与常规超声+ABVS模型对乳腺导管型NML与非导管型NML的诊断价值 |
组别 | 常规超声 | 常规超声+ABVS | Z值 | P值 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUC | PPV | NPV | 敏感度 | 特异度 | AUC | PPV | NPV | 敏感度 | 特异度 | |||
导管型NML | 0.678 | 0.655 | 0.700 | 0.679 | 0.677 | 0.877 | 0.957 | 0.833 | 0.786 | 0.968 | -3.479 | 0.001 |
非导管型NML | 0.858 | 0.912 | 0.778 | 0.867 | 0.848 | 0.913 | 0.948 | 0.857 | 0.917 | 0.909 | -1.558 | 0.1194 |
注:ABVS为自动乳腺容积成像,NML为非肿块病变,AUC为曲线下面积,PPV为阳性预测值,NPV为阴性预测值 |
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