2025 , Vol. 22 >Issue 07: 614 - 619
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.07.005
甲状腺转移癌多模态超声及临床特征
通信作者:
董凤林,Email:fldong@suda.edu.cnCopy editor: 吴春凤
收稿日期: 2025-05-15
网络出版日期: 2025-10-01
基金资助
苏州大学附属第一医院博习临床研究项目(BXLC002)
苏州大学附属第一医院自然科学基金博习培育计划(BXQN2024001)
版权
Multimodal ultrasound and clinical characteristics of thyroid metastases: a decade-long retrospective analysis
Corresponding author:
Dong Fenglin, Email: fldong@suda.edu.cnReceived date: 2025-05-15
Online published: 2025-10-01
Copyright
分析甲状腺转移癌(TM)常规超声及超声造影(CEUS)特征,提升超声医师对TM的影像学识别能力与临床诊断水平。
回顾性收集2015年1月至2024年12月期间苏州大学附属第一医院经病理确诊的TM患者17例,记录其临床特征,并由2名医师对超声图像进行判读,分析TM的常规超声和CEUS特征。
本研究共纳入17例经病理证实的TM患者,原发肿瘤来源依次为:肺癌及食管癌各5例(29.41%),喉癌3例(17.65%),鼻咽癌、胰腺癌、胸部软骨肉瘤、乳腺癌各1例(5.88%)。临床表现方面,41.18%(7/17)的患者短期内病灶明显增大、23.53%(4/17)出现呼吸困难、58.82%(10/17)出现声音嘶哑、47.06%(8/17)伴吞咽哽噎。常规超声显示,病灶累及单侧叶者14例(82.35%),累及双侧叶者3例(17.65%);病灶以结节型(88.24%,15/17)、低回声(82.35%,14/17)、边缘模糊或不规则或向甲状腺外延伸(88.24%,15/17)为主,弥漫型2例(11.76%)。47.06%(8/17)为囊实性;23.53%(4/17)可见粗大钙化,35.29%(6/17)可见微钙化。CEUS图像特征:CEUS资料完整的10例患者中,8例(80.00%)表现为不均匀增强,8例(80.00%)可见灌注缺损区;增强强度方面,呈低增强者与等/高增强者各占50.00%。
TM在常规超声与CEUS中表现出一定影像学特征,结合患者的原发病史及临床症状,应用多模态超声有助于提高对TM的早期识别与准确诊断。
武晓凤 , 谷杨 , 黄莹 , 张丽红 , 孙梦瑶 , 胡梦裳 , 王洁 , 房钰婷 , 金晨阳 , 王葛超 , 董凤林 . 甲状腺转移癌多模态超声及临床特征[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025 , 22(07) : 614 -619 . DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.07.005
To investigate the utility of conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of thyroid metastases (TM), aiming to enhance the imaging-based recognition and clinical diagnostic accuracy among ultrasound physicians.
This retrospective study analyzed 17 cases of TM confirmed by histopathological examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2015 to December 2024. Clinical characteristics were systematically documented, and ultrasound images were independently reviewed by two experienced radiologists. The study primarily assessed conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic features of TM.
Seventeen patients with pathologically confirmed TM were included. The primary tumors originated from lung cancer and esophageal cancer in 5 cases each (29.41%), laryngeal cancer in 3 (17.65%), and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, thoracic chondrosarcoma, and breast cancer in 1 case each (5.88%). Clinically, rapid lesion enlargement within a short interval was observed in 7 patients (41.18%), dyspnea in 4 (23.53%), hoarseness in 10 (58.82%), and dysphagia in 8 (47.06%). Conventional ultrasound revealed unilateral lobe involvement in 14 patients (82.35%) and bilateral involvement in 3 (17.65%). Most lesions were nodular (88.24%, 15/17), hypoechoic (82.35%, 14/17), and characterized by ill-defined or irregular margins or extrathyroidal extension (88.24%, 15/17); 2 cases (11.76%) presented with a diffuse pattern. Cystic-solid composition was detected in 8 cases (47.06%), coarse calcifications in 4 (23.53%), and microcalcifications in 6 (35.29%). Among the 10 patients with complete CEUS data, 8 (80.00%) exhibited heterogeneous enhancement and 8 (80.00%) demonstrated perfusion defects. Enhancement intensity was equally divided between low enhancement and iso-/hyperenhancement (50.00% each).
TM exhibit distinct conventional ultrasound and CEUS features. When integrated with clinical history, multimodal ultrasound evaluation significantly enhances early detection and diagnostic accuracy of TM.
Key words: Thyroid; Metastases; Ultrasound; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
表1 甲状腺转移癌超声检查表现 |
患者 | 性别 | 年龄(岁) | 常规超声表现 | 超声造影表现 | 原发肿瘤来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
病例1 | 女 | 62 | 结节型,实性,极低回声,边缘光滑,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 不均匀、低增强,无增强区 | 胰腺癌 |
病例2 | 男 | 72 | 结节型,囊实性结节,边缘模糊,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 不均匀、低增强,无增强区 | 食管癌 |
病例3 | 男 | 55 | 结节型,囊实性,边缘模糊,CDFI:Adler 2级 | 不均匀、低增强,无增强区 | 食管癌 |
病例4 | 男 | 56 | 结节型,实性,低回声,边缘模糊,点状强回声,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 不均匀、低增强,无增强区 | 喉癌 |
病例5 | 男 | 73 | 结节型,囊实性,边缘向甲状腺外延伸,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 不均匀、等/高增强,无增强区 | 喉癌 |
病例6 | 男 | 71 | 弥漫型,实性,低回声,边缘模糊,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 均匀、等/高增强 | 肺癌 |
病例7 | 男 | 51 | 结节型(多发),实性,低回声,边缘向甲状腺外延伸,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 不均匀、等/高增强,无增强区 | 食管癌 |
病例8 | 男 | 62 | 结节型,囊实性,边缘模糊,点状强回声,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 不均匀、低增强,无增强区 | 喉癌 |
病例9 | 女 | 54 | 结节型,实性,低回声,纵横比<1,边缘模糊,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 均匀、等/高增强 | 乳腺癌 |
病例10 | 女 | 70 | 结节型,囊实性,边缘模糊,CDFI:Adler 1级 | 不均匀、等/高增强,无增强区 | 食管癌 |
注:CDFI为彩色多普勒血流成像,Adler为血流分级 |
图1 患者男性,72岁,因“发现颈部肿胀1个月,疑似颈部脓肿拟行超声引导下置管引流”来诊。患者1年前于外院行喉部分切除术+暂时性气管切开术,术后病理:中分化鳞状细胞癌(分期T2N0M0)。图a、b、c分别为横切(左侧叶)、纵切(左侧叶)、横切(双侧叶+狭部)灰阶超声图像:甲状腺左侧叶内见低回声,大小约43 mm×29 mm,纵横比<1,边缘向甲状腺外延伸,其内可见无回声区,甲状腺右侧叶正常。图d:侧颈区可见肿大淋巴结,淋巴门回声消失。图e:超声造影呈不均匀等/高增强,内可见大片状无增强区。图f:CT显示甲状腺左侧叶占位。图g:病理染色结果为转移性鳞癌伴坏死(HE×40) |
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