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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2018, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (01) : 31 -42. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2018.01.007

所属专题: 文献

腹部超声影像学

超声实时组织弹性成像无创预测慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的前瞻性研究
许世豪1, 应莉1, 厉乔1, 林舒婷1, 李佳1(), 胡元平1,()   
  1. 1. 325015 温州医科大学附属第一医院超声影像科
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-16 出版日期:2018-01-01
  • 通信作者: 李佳, 胡元平
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省自然科学基金(LY18H030011)

Real-time tissue elastography-based noninvasive prediction model for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a prospective study

Shihao Xu1, Li Ying1, Qiao Li1, Shuting Lin1, Yuanping Hu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
  • Received:2017-10-16 Published:2018-01-01
  • Corresponding author: Yuanping Hu
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Hu Yuanping, Email:
引用本文:

许世豪, 应莉, 厉乔, 林舒婷, 李佳, 胡元平. 超声实时组织弹性成像无创预测慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的前瞻性研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2018, 15(01): 31-42.

Shihao Xu, Li Ying, Qiao Li, Shuting Lin, Yuanping Hu. Real-time tissue elastography-based noninvasive prediction model for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a prospective study[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2018, 15(01): 31-42.

目的

进一步提高超声实时组织弥散定量分析技术中的肝纤维化指数(LF指数)评估肝纤维化的临床应用价值。

方法

选取2015年1月到12月在温州医科大学附属第一医院就诊的116例明确诊断为慢性乙型肝炎的患者,均行实时组织弹性成像(RTE)检查及肝组织活检。所有患者根据是否为重度肝纤维化,以及是否为肝硬化分别分组,采用Logistic回归单因素及多因素分析筛选出重度肝纤维化与肝硬化的独立预测因子,并由此构建预测模型。

结果

(1)多因素分析确认脾门指数(OR=13.956,P=0.002)、LF指数(OR=6.283,P=0.023)为重度肝纤维化的独立危险因素;γ-谷氨酸转肽酶(OR=1.012,P=0.049)、脾门指数(OR=5.676,P=0.002)、LF指数(OR=14.102,P=0.001)为肝硬化的独立危险因素。由此新建了重度肝纤维化与肝硬化的预测模型:LFI-SPI评分(LSP评分)与LFI-SPI-GGT评分(LSPG评分)。(2)LSP评分的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUROC)为0.87,相对于现有的纤维化预测模型:LF指数(AUROC=0.76,P=0.0109),天冬氨酸转氨酶/血小板比值(APRI)评分(AUROC=0.64,P=0.0031),FIB-4评分(AUROC=0.67,P=0.0044)及FibroScan(AUROC=0.68,P=0.0021),LSP评分诊断准确度最高。(3)LSPG评分预测肝硬化的准确度较高,ROC曲线下面积0.93,除FibroScan(AUROC=0.85,P=0.134)外,LF指数(AUROC=0.81,P=0.0113)、APRI评分(AUROC=0.67,P<0.0001)、FIB-4评分(AUROC=0.72,P=0.0005)的诊断准确性均低于LSPG评分。

结论

预测重度肝纤维化与肝硬化的新模型,LSP评分主要用于筛查重度肝纤维化,而LSPG评分主要用于排除肝硬化。

Objective

To further improve the value of clinical application of a quantitative analysis method called LF-index (LFI) which based on real-time tissue elastography (RTE).

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 116 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and all patients underwent a liver biopsy and RTE between January 2015 and December 2015 at the First affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and the prediction models for predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were derived from independent predictors.

Results

(1) In multivariate analyses, spleno-portal index (SPI) (OR=13.956, P=0.002) and LFI (OR=6.283, P=0.023) were confirmed as independent predictors of significant fibrosis. In multivariate analyses of patients with and without cirrhosis, we found significant differences in the γ-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) (OR=1.012, P=0.049), SPI (OR=5.676, P=0.002) and LFI (OR=14.102, P=0.001). (2) A novel model called LFI-SPI score (LSPS) for prediction of significant fibrosis was developed (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC]=0.87), showing the superiority of diagnostic accuracy than LFI (AUROC=0.76, P=0.0109), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) (AUROC=0.64, P=0.0031), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) (AUROC=0.67, P= 0.0044) and Fibroscan (AUROC=0.68, P=0.0021). (3) We also developed a LFI-SPI-GGT score (LSPGS) for predicting cirrhosis, with an AUROC of 0.93. The diagnostic accuracy of LSPGS was similar to that of Fibroscan (AUROC=0.85, P=0.134), and was superior to LFI (AUROC=0.81, P=0.0113), APRI (AUROC=0.67, P<0.0001), and FIB-4 (AUROC=0.72, P=0.0005).

Conclusions

We developed new formulas, LSPS and LSPGS for predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in this prospective study. LSP score was mainly used for screening of significant liver fibrosis, and LSPG score was mainly used to exclude cirrhosis.

图3 肝硬化时实时组织弹性成像
图4 RTE参数在肝纤维化分期Ishak评分系统中的分布
表1 无或轻微肝纤维化与重度肝纤维化患者组间各参数特征的比较
参数 无或轻微肝纤维化组F0~2(33例) 重度肝纤维化组F3~6(83例) 统计值 P
临床信息 ? ? ? ?
? 男性[例(%)] 15(45.5) 56(67.5) χ2=3.315 0.069
? 年龄(岁,±s 36.33±7.86 38.82±8.33 t=1.258 0.212
? 体质量指数(kg/m2±s 22.46±3.83 22.97±2.93 t=0.657 0.513
生化指标 ? ? ? ?
? 丙氨酸转氨酶(U/L,±s 48.08±26.36 47.46±21.64 t=0.845 0.401
? 天冬氨酸转氨酶(U/L,±s 64.96±27.53 63.89±29.92 t=0.948 0.346
? γ-谷氨酸转肽酶(U/L,±s 48.50±29.11 47.46±23.72 t=1.398 0.166
? 白蛋白(g/L,±s 41.87±3.87 40.42±3.85 t=-1.557 0.123
? 总胆红素(μmol/L,±s 11.35±4.84 16.17±14.62 t=0.929 0.356
? 白细胞(×1000/mm3±s 6.24±1.51 5.73±1.61 t=-1.325 0.189
? 血小板(×1000/mm3±s 196.25±37.01 180.07±69.00 t=-1.087 0.280
? 空腹血糖(mmol/L,±s 5.20±1.09 5.52±1.52 t=0.933 0.354
? HBV-DNA(log10 IU/L,±s 6.34±2.19 6.07±1.81 t=-0.585 0.560
? HbeAg阳性率[例(%)] 13(54.2%) 34(55.7%) χ2=2.643 0.102
超声参数(±s ? ? ? ?
? 门静脉内径(mm) 10.87±1.70 11.58±1.47 t=1.902 0.061
? 门静脉平均流速(cm/s) 22.80±5.36 21.40±7.02 t=-0.882 0.380
? 肝动脉内径(mm) 3.24±0.45 3.42±0.62 t=2.728 0.008
? 肝动脉最大流速(cm/s) 67.81±25.41 73.22±27.81 t=0.985 0.328
? 肝动脉阻力指数 0.73±0.052 0.75±0.082 t=0.648 0.519
? 脾脏厚径(mm) 31.27±4.80 33.52±6.17 t=1.842 0.069
? 脾脏长径(mm) 89.50±6.80 93.98±10.38 t=1.954 0.054
? 脾脏指数 30.15±7.03 36.53±9.76 t=2.914 0.005
? 脾门指数 1.21±0.27 2.02±0.87 t=4.412 <0.001
? 脾动脉内径(mm) 4.10±0.71 4.43±0.86 t=1.704 0.092
? 脾动脉最大流速(cm/s) 73.48±19.37 73.75±22.37 t=0.053 0.958
? 脾动脉阻力指数 0.60±0.070 0.61±0.060 t=0.635 0.527
? 脾静脉内径(mm) 5.97±1.08 6.17±1.23 t=0.684 0.496
? 脾静脉平均流速(cm/s) 19.28±8.47 16.91±5.46 t=-1.529 0.130
APRI(±s 21.91±21.71 29.60±7.17 t=1.167 0.247
FIB-4(±s 1.08±0.67 1.62±1.03 t=2.389 0.019
肝脏硬度(kPa,±s 6.84±2.46 10.00±7.17 t=2.101 0.039
LF指数(±s 1.83±0.33 2.26±0.49 t=3.960 <0.001
表2 非肝硬化组与肝硬化组患者间各参数特征的比较
参数 非肝硬化F0~4(84例) 肝硬化F5~6(32例) 统计值 P
临床信息 ? ? ? ?
? 男性[例(%)] 50(59.5) 21(65.6) χ2=0.217 0.641
? 年龄(岁,±s 37.39±8.14 40.09±8.33 t=1.350 0.181
? 体质量指数(kg/m2±s 22.45±3.05 23.83±3.43 t=1.787 0.078
生化指标 ? ? ? ?
? 丙氨酸转氨酶(U/L,±s 44.44±30.97 45.83±29.41 t=0.123 0.902
? 天冬氨酸转氨酶(U/L,±s 61.11±28.36 62.74±25.24 t=0.544 0.588
? γ-谷氨酸转肽酶(U/L,±s 30.89±21.39 72.35±58.61 t=3.155 0.002
? 白蛋白(g/L,±s 41.48±3.71 39.08±3.92 t=-2.610 0.011
? 总胆红素(μmol/L,±s 12.43±5.58 20.78±18.46 t=1.626 0.108
? 白细胞(×1000/mm3±s 5.95±1.50 5.69±1.84 t=-0.668 0.506
? 血小板(×1000/mm3±s 196.71±61.85 152.09±45.00 t=-3.101 0.003
? 空腹血糖(mmol/L,±s 5.39±1.17 5.52±1.96 t=0.369 0.713
? HBV-DNA(log 10 IU/L,±s 6.16±1.99 6.11±1.74 t=-0.104 0.917
? HbeAg阳性率[例(%)] 36(58.1%) 12(52.2%) χ2=0.237 0.627
超声参数(±s ? ? ? ?
? 门静脉内径(mm) 11.16±1.65 11.95±1.16 t=2.096 0.039
? 门静脉平均流速(cm/s) 22.32±6.29 20.37±7.29 t=-1.216 0.227
? 肝动脉内径(mm) 3.35±0.52 3.65±0.61 t=4.524 0.004
? 肝动脉最大流速(cm/s) 70.76±24.11 74.21±19.17 t=0.617 0.539
? 肝动脉阻力指数 0.75±0.053 0.72±0.11 t=-1.551 0.125
? 脾脏厚径(mm) 32.19±4.96 34.57±5.25 t=2.103 0.038
? 脾脏长径(mm) 90.57±7.68 98.50±12.09 t=3.584 0.001
? 脾脏指数 31.51±7.25 43.39±9.49 t=6.158 <0.001
? 脾门指数 1.51±0.66 2.54±0.80 t=6.037 <0.001
? 脾动脉内径(mm) 4.20±0.76 4.71±0.92 t=2.573 0.012
? 脾动脉最大流速(cm/s) 73.36±21.31 74.55±22.30 t=0.226 0.822
? 脾动脉阻力指数 0.63±0.083 0.64±0.075 t=-0.592 0.555
? 脾静脉内径(mm) 5.89±1.08 6.71±1.29 t=2.972 0.004
? 脾静脉平均流速(cm/s) 18.50±6.76 15.11±5.00 t=-2.190 0.031
APRI(±s 24.85±27.65 34.37±26.11 t=1.430 0.156
FIB-4(±s 1.27±0.85 2.00±1.09 t=3.210 0.002
肝脏硬度(kPa,±s 7.20±2.72 14.25±9.80 t=5.200 <0.001
LF指数(±s 2.00±0.42 2.52±0.46 t=4.971 <0.001
表3 重度肝纤维化Logistic回归单因素分析
参数 OR 95%CI P
临床信息 ? ? ?
? 男性(%) 2.423 0.923~6.357 0.072
? 年龄(岁) 1.038 0.979~1.101 0.211
? 体重指数(kg/m2 1.054 0.903~1.230 0.508
生化指标 ? ? ?
? 丙氨酸转氨酶(U/L) 1.008 0.989~1.026 0.418
? 天冬氨酸转氨酶(U/L) 1.004 0.995~1.104 0.369
? γ-谷氨酸转肽酶(U/L) 1.011 0.995~1.027 0.191
? 白蛋白(g/L) 0.901 0.789~1.029 0.126
? 总胆红素(μmol/L) 1.061 0.962~1.169 0.236
? 白细胞(×1000/mm3 0.821 0.611~1.103 0.190
? 血小板(×1000/mm3 0.996 0.988~1.004 0.295
? 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 1.213 0.807~1.823 0.354
? HBV-DNA(log10 IU/L) 0.927 0.721~1.192 0.555
? HbeAg阳性率(%) 1.066 0.413~2.751 0.896
超声参数 ? ? ?
? 门静脉内径(mm) 1.352 0.981~1.863 0.066
? 门静脉平均流速(cm/s) 0.968 0.901~1.040 0.376
? 肝动脉内径(mm) 3.417 1.326~8.811 0.011
? 肝动脉最大流速(cm/s) 1.011 0.989~1.033 0.325
? 肝动脉阻力指数 1.069 0.980~1.166 0.134
? 脾脏厚径(mm) 1.102 0.991~1.226 0.074
? 脾脏长径(mm) 1.061 0.998~1.128 0.057
? 脾脏指数 1.098 1.025~1.176 0.007
? 脾门指数 20.532 4.116~102.418 <0.001
? 脾动脉内径(mm) 1.723 0.909~3.266 0.096
? 脾动脉最大流速(cm/s) 1.001 0.979~1.023 0.957
? 脾动脉阻力指数 1.045 0.979~1.115 0.184
? 脾静脉内径(mm) 1.153 0.769~1.727 0.491
? 脾静脉平均流速(cm/s) 0.947 0.881~1.018 0.141
APRI 1.105 0.989~1.403 0.259
FIB-4 2.267 1.091~4.711 0.028
肝脏硬度(kPa) 1.230 1.041~1.454 0.015
LF指数 11.345 2.787~46.179 0.001
表4 重度肝纤维化Logistic回归多因素分析
表5 肝硬化Logistic回归单因素分析
参数 OR 95%CI P
临床信息 ? ? ?
? 男性(%) 1.267 0.468~3.433 0.642
? 年龄(岁) 1.042 0.981~1.108 0.181
? 体重指数(kg/m2 1.143 0.981~1.331 0.086
生化指标 ? ? ?
? 丙氨酸转氨酶(U/L) 1.001 0.991~1.011 0.901
? 天冬氨酸转氨酶(U/L) 1.001 0.996~1.006 0.590
? γ-谷氨酸转肽酶(U/L) 1.014 1.002~1.026 0.018
? 白蛋白(g/L) 0.849 0.744~0.969 0.015
? 总胆红素(μmol/L) 1.024 0.975~1.076 0.341
? 白细胞(×1000/mm3 0.898 0.656~1.229 0.502
? 血小板(×1000/mm3 0.982 0.970~0.993 0.002
? 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 1.064 0.767~1.475 0.710
? HBV-DNA(log 10 IU/L) 0.987 0.768~1.268 0.916
? HbeAg阳性率(%) 0.842 0.322~2.198 0.725
超声参数 ? ? ?
? 门静脉内径(mm) 1.418 1.010~1.992 0.044
? 门静脉平均流速(cm/s) 0.954 0.883~1.030 0.226
? 肝动脉内径(mm) 2.133 1.539~4.589 0.002
? 肝动脉最大流速(cm/s) 1.007 0.986~1.028 0.543
? 肝动脉阻力指数 0.979 0.897~1.069 0.640
? 脾脏厚径(mm) 1.102 1.002~1.213 0.045
? 脾脏长径(mm) 1.101 1.032~1.176 0.004
? 脾脏指数 1.188 1.094~1.290 <0.001
? 脾门指数 6.513 2.583~16.422 <0.001
? 脾动脉内径(mm) 2.103 1.14~3.874 0.017
? 脾动脉最大流速(cm/s) 1.003 0.981~1.025 0.820
? 脾动脉阻力指数 1.051 0.984~1.122 0.139
? 脾静脉内径(mm) 1.890 1.199~2.980 0.006
? 脾静脉平均流速(cm/s) 0.896 0.809~0.992 0.034
APRI 1.011 0.995~1.029 0.186
FIB-4 2.082 1.254~3.456 0.005
肝脏硬度(kPa) 1.492 1.247~1.785 <0.001
LF指数 13.944 3.603~53.960 <0.001
表6 肝硬化Logistic回归多因素分析
图5 重度纤维化预测模型曲线下面积分析比较
图6 肝硬化预测模型曲线下面积分析比较
表7 各个模型诊断重度肝纤维化的准确度比较
表8 各个模型诊断肝硬化的准确度比较
图8 Fagan列线图分析肝硬化模型的临床应用价值
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