Risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic lesions in middle adults

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.08.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To analyze carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in middle adults using carotid Doppler ultrasound (CDU), and to identify the risk factors for CAS.

Methods

A total of 607 healthy subjects under the age of 60 who underwent physical examination at Tsinghua University Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were involved. Data including CDU, cerebrovascular risk factors, and laboratory tests were collected. Carotid intima-media thickening (IMT≥1.0 mm) was used as a marker of early CAS. The subjects were divided into either a CAS group (271 cases) or a non-CAS group (336 cases), and the CAS group was further divided into an IMT thickening group (100 cases) and a carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) group (171 cases). Independent risk factors for CAS and CAP were analyzed by Logistic regression.

Results

The total detection rate of CAS in middle adults was 44.6% (271/607), which was higher in males (55.3%, 187/338) than in females (31.2%, 84/269; P<0.01). In the CAS group, the detection rate of IMT alone was 36.9% (100/271), and that of IMT with CAP was 63.1% (171/271), without carotid stenosis (stenosis rate≥50%). In the CAP group, subclavian artery plaques were detected in 136 cases (136/607, 22.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio [OR]=2.174, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-3.49，P=0.001) and hyperlipidemia (OR=1.957, 95%CI: 1.37-2.80，P<0.001) were risk factors for CAS in middle adults. Hypertension (OR=2.332, 95%CI: 1.24-4.37, P=0.008) and hyperlipidemia (OR=1.659, 95%CI: 1.00-2.75, P=0.049) were also identified to be risk factors for CAP in middle adults.

Conclusion

The prevalence of CAS in males is higher than that in females, and hypertension and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors for CAS and CAP in middle adults.

Key words: Atherosclerosis, Carotid Doppler ultrasound, Intima-media thickness, Risk factors

Yanbo Ma, Yang Hua, Guimei Liu, Xiufeng Meng, Liping Cui. Risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic lesions in middle adults[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(08): 822-826.

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References 23

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临床资料	CAS组（n=271）	无CAS组（n=336）	统计值	P值
年龄（岁，）	47±7	40±7	t=-13.583	<0.001
男性[例（%）]	187（69.0）	151（44.9）	χ²=35.199	<0.001
高血压病[例（%）]	69（25.5）	36（10.7）	χ²=22.804	<0.001
高脂血症[例（%）]	152（56.1）	120（35.7）	χ²=25.180	<0.001
糖尿病[例（%）]	18（6.6）	10（3.0）	χ²=4.582	0.032
HCY（μmol/L，）	11.34±4.47	9.92±3.86	t=-4.194	<0.001
BMI（kg/m²，）	24.32±3.51	23.20±3.58	t=-3.863	<0.001

临床资料	CAS组（n=271）	无CAS组（n=336）	统计值	P值
年龄（岁，）	47±7	40±7	t=-13.583	<0.001
男性[例（%）]	187（69.0）	151（44.9）	χ²=35.199	<0.001
高血压病[例（%）]	69（25.5）	36（10.7）	χ²=22.804	<0.001
高脂血症[例（%）]	152（56.1）	120（35.7）	χ²=25.180	<0.001
糖尿病[例（%）]	18（6.6）	10（3.0）	χ²=4.582	0.032
HCY（μmol/L，）	11.34±4.47	9.92±3.86	t=-4.194	<0.001
BMI（kg/m²，）	24.32±3.51	23.20±3.58	t=-3.863	<0.001

因素	回归系数	OR值	95%CI	P值
超重	-0.022	0.978	0.93~-1.04	0.444
高同型半胱氨酸	0.033	1.034	0.99~-1.08	0.165
高脂血症	0.671	1.957	1.37~-2.80	<0.001
高血压病	0.777	2.174	1.35~-3.49	0.001
糖尿病	0.380	1.463	0.63~-3.38	0.373

因素	回归系数	OR值	95%CI	P值
超重	-0.022	0.978	0.93~-1.04	0.444
高同型半胱氨酸	0.033	1.034	0.99~-1.08	0.165
高脂血症	0.671	1.957	1.37~-2.80	<0.001
高血压病	0.777	2.174	1.35~-3.49	0.001
糖尿病	0.380	1.463	0.63~-3.38	0.373

临床资料	单纯IMT增厚组（n=100）	CAP组（n=171）	统计值	P值
年龄（岁，）	47±7	48±7	t=-1.854	0.165
男性[例（%）]	65（65.0）	122（71.3）	χ²=1.188	0.276
高血压病[例（%）]	16（16.0）	53（31.0）	χ²=7.475	0.006
高脂血症[例（%）]	48（48.0）	104（60.8）	χ²=4.210	0.043
糖尿病[例（%）]	3（3.0）	15（8.8）	χ²=3.390	0.079
HCY（μmol/L，）	11.21±4.14	11.41±4.66	t=-0.370	0.712
BMI（kg/m²，）	23.71±3.29	24.67±3.59	t=-2.206	0.028

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