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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2015, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (04) : 312 -318. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2014.04.012

所属专题: 文献

妇产科超声影像学

二维超声对胎儿肺部发育规律的研究
钟华1, 马小燕1,(), 张海春1, 肖珍1   
  1. 1. 511400 广州医科大学附属广东省妇儿医院
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-06 出版日期:2015-04-01
  • 通信作者: 马小燕
  • 基金资助:
    广东省医学科研基金(B2014026)

Assessment of fetal lung development in using two-dimensional ultrasonography

Hua Zhong1, Xiaoyan Ma1,(), Haichun Zhang1, Zhen Xiao1   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
  • Received:2014-08-06 Published:2015-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Xiaoyan Ma
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Ma Xiaoyan, Email:
引用本文:

钟华, 马小燕, 张海春, 肖珍. 二维超声对胎儿肺部发育规律的研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2015, 12(04): 312-318.

Hua Zhong, Xiaoyan Ma, Haichun Zhang, Zhen Xiao. Assessment of fetal lung development in using two-dimensional ultrasonography[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2015, 12(04): 312-318.

目的

探讨二维超声测量胎儿左右肺面积、左右肺纵径、左右肺体积及总肺体积,及通过其测量值评价胎儿肺部发育的应用价值。

方法

2013年6月至2014年6月在广东省妇幼保健院进行产前超声检查并足月分娩的孕妇489例,对此489例12~40周胎儿进行二维超声扫查,在四腔心切面应用Trace法分别描迹左肺、右肺面积;在胎儿左、右侧肺最大矢状切面分别测量左、右侧膈顶至左、右肺尖的距离,应用体积公式长(cm)×宽(cm)×高(cm)×0.52分别计算左、右肺体积,总肺体积。应用Bivariate法分析孕周与左右肺面积、左右肺纵径、左右肺体积及总肺体积的相关性,绘制12~40周胎儿左右肺面积、左右肺纵径、左右肺体积及总肺体积的生长曲线,获取12~40周胎儿左右肺体积及总肺体积的第5,25,50,75,95百分位数。

结果

(1)孕周与胎儿左右肺面积、左右肺纵径、左右肺体积及总肺体积的Spearson相关系数分别为0.929、0.923、0.923、0.917、0.946、0.943、0.951,且呈正相关,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)左右肺面积、左右肺纵径、左右肺体积及总肺体积测值的增长速率趋势一致,均随孕周增加而增长;肺面积在孕26周前增长速度较快,26周后增长速度减缓;肺纵径及肺体积在整个孕期呈均速增长,但肺纵径增长速度略快于肺体积。(3)成功获取12~40周胎儿左右肺体积及总肺体积的第5、25、50、75、95百分位数参考值范围。

结论

12~40周胎儿左右肺面积、左右肺纵径、左右肺体积及总肺体积随孕周的增加而增长。左右肺体积及总肺体积的第5、25、50、75、95百分位数为产前诊断胎儿肺发育不良提供有价值的参考指标。获取胎儿四腔心切面及左、右侧肺最大矢状切面操作简单、便捷、可行性良好,可能成为一种新型的评价胎儿肺部发育常规手段。

Objective

To explore the application value of two-dimensional ultrasonic measurement of fetal left and right lung area, left and right pulmonary longitudinal diameter, left and right lung volume and total lung volume in evaluation of fetal lung development.

Methods

In 489 cases of normal singleton pregnancy, two-dimensional ultrasound scanning were conducted at 12-40 weeks. The left and right lung area was traced in the four chamber view using Trace method. The distances of left diaphragmatic dome to left lung apex and the right diaphragmatic dome to right lung apex were measured respectively on the left and right fetal lung parasagittal planes. Then calculation of left and right lung volume and total lung volume was carried out.

Results

Spearman correlation coefficient of gestational age and left and right lung area, left and right pulmonary longitudinal diameter, left lung volume and total lung volume were 0.929, 0.923, 0.923, 0.917, 0.946, 0.943, 0.951, and a positive correlation, with statistical significance (P<0.05). At 12-40 weeks, fetal left and right lung area, left and right pulmonary longitudinal diameter, left and right lung volume and total lung volume increased with gestational age and fetal growth. Pulmonary area increased faster before 26 weeks than that after 26 weeks. Pulmonary longitudinal diameter and lung volume grew at a constant rate throughout pregnancy, but the growth rate of pulmonary longitudinal diameter was slightly faster than that of lung volume. The fifth, twenty-fifth, fiftieth, seventy-fifth, ninety-fifth percentile of fetal left and right lung volume and total lung volume at 12-40 weeks were obtained.

Conclusions

Fetal left and right lung area, left and right pulmonary longitudinal diameter, left and right lung volume and total lung volume were positively correlated with gestational age between 12 and 40 week. The normal values of lung volume and total lung volume provide a reference index for prenatal diagnosis of fetal pulmonary hypoplasia. The fetal four chamber view and fetal left parasagittal section was easy to obtain, and may serve as a new conventional method in evaluating fetal lung developments.

图1~3 胎儿左右肺面积及左右肺纵径的测量。图1胎儿左右肺面积测量标准:获取四腔心平面,要求显示左右心基本对称,或右心系统稍大,清晰显示卵圆孔及卵圆孔瓣,二三尖瓣开闭清晰可见,至少显示2条肺静脉入左心房,至少显示一对对称、完整的肋骨回声,在心脏舒张末期停帧存图,应用Trace法分别沿左、右侧肺边缘描计左、右肺面积;图2胎儿左肺纵径测量标准:获取左肺最大矢状切面,须同时显示左肺尖、左侧膈肌穹窿及胃泡回声,测量左肺尖至膈肌穹窿顶部的垂直距离;图3胎儿右肺纵径测量标准:获取右肺最大矢状切面,须同时显示右肺尖、右侧膈肌穹窿及肝脏回声,测量右肺尖至膈肌穹窿顶部的垂直距离
表1 孕周(12~40周)与胎儿肺面积、肺纵径及肺体积的相关性分析
图4~6 胎儿左右肺面积、左右肺纵径、左右肺体积及总肺体积的生长曲线图。图4左右肺面积测值的随孕周增加而增大,左肺面积略小于右肺面积(蓝色为左肺面积,绿色为右肺面积);26周前肺面积增长速度较快,26周后增长速度减缓。图5左右肺纵径测值随孕周增加而增大,左肺纵径略大于右肺纵径;肺纵径在整个孕期呈均速增长状态,但略快于肺体积的增长(蓝色为左肺纵径,绿色为右肺纵径)。图6左右肺体积及总肺体积测值的增长随孕周增加而增大,左肺体积略小于右肺体积;肺体积在整个孕期呈均速增长状态(蓝色为左肺体积,绿色为右肺体积,棕色为总肺体积)
表2 12~40孕周胎儿左肺体积百分位数
表3 12~40孕周胎儿右肺体积百分位数
表4 12~40孕周胎儿总肺体积百分位数
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