切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2020, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (11) : 1114 -1120. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2020.11.011

所属专题: 文献

浅表器官超声影像学

超声鉴别甲状腺峡部结节良恶性的研究
郑祎1, 詹维伟1,()   
  1. 1. 200025 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-20 出版日期:2020-11-01
  • 通信作者: 詹维伟
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81671688)

Diagnosis of nodules located in the thyroid isthmus by sonography

Yi Zheng1, Weiwei Zhan1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Received:2019-01-20 Published:2020-11-01
  • Corresponding author: Weiwei Zhan
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Zhan Weiwei, Email:
引用本文:

郑祎, 詹维伟. 超声鉴别甲状腺峡部结节良恶性的研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2020, 17(11): 1114-1120.

Yi Zheng, Weiwei Zhan. Diagnosis of nodules located in the thyroid isthmus by sonography[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2020, 17(11): 1114-1120.

目的

研究通过甲状腺峡部结节的超声特征鉴别其良恶性。

方法

回顾分析2016年1月至12月于上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行甲状腺全切术及颈部中央组淋巴结清扫术,且有病灶位于峡部的196个甲状腺结节的超声特征,根据手术石蜡病理将结节分为良恶性2组,对2组结节的超声特征进行分析比较。回顾分析同期于本院行甲状腺全切术及颈部中央组淋巴结清扫术,且位于甲状腺侧叶的239个甲状腺恶性结节的超声特征,比较分析峡部与侧叶甲状腺恶性结节各超声特征的差异。验证2种甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS)对甲状腺峡部结节的诊断效能。用独立样本t检验比较良恶性结节患者年龄及结节大小有无显著差异;用χ2检验比较良恶性结节各超声特征及患者性别有无显著差异;用χ2检验,必要时用Fisher确切概率法比较峡部与侧叶恶性结节各超声特征有无显著差异。

结果

低回声、实性结构、边缘不光整、微钙化、周围型血供、低血供等超声特征为甲状腺峡部结节恶性风险的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。峡部恶性甲状腺结节比侧叶恶性甲状腺结节更易表现为纵横比≤1、甲状腺外侵犯、与包膜接触面积>25%、周围型血供、低血供(P均<0.05),且更易发生颈部中央组淋巴转移(P=0.041)。本组4A、4B类甲状腺峡部结节的实际恶性率皆明显高于2种TI-RADS的推荐恶性率。

结论

纵横比>1并非鉴别甲状腺峡部结节良恶性的良好超声指标,周围型血供、低血供等非灰阶超声特征可协助峡部结节的良恶性鉴别;与侧叶结节不同,当甲状腺峡部结节为低回声时,就应提高警惕;当对峡部结节进行风险分层时,应适当升级。

Objective

To analyze the ultrasonic features of thyroid nodules originating in the thyroid isthmus in order to distinguish malignant nodules from benign ones.

Methods

One hundred and ninety-six nodules located in the thyroid isthmus of 194 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy with bilateral central lymph node dissection at Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January to December 2016 were included in this study. The ultrasonic images were reviewed and all nodules had surgical pathology. The sonographic nodular features were compared between malignant ones and benign ones. In the meantime, 239 nodules located in thyroid lobes of 226 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy with bilateral central lymph node dissection were included. The differences in ultrasonic characteristics between the isthmus and non-isthmus thyroid malignant nodules were analyzed. The evaluation of two types of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) to nodules located in thyroid isthmus were validated. Student's t test was used to compare the age and size of benign and malignant nodules. Chi square test was applied to compare the ultrasonic characteristics of benign and malignant nodules, the gender of patients, and the ultrasonic characteristics of malignant nodules located in the isthmus with those in the lateral lobe, with Fisher's exact probability test used when necessary.

Results

The ultrasonic characteristics such as irregular margins, solid nature, hypoechogenicity, microcalcification, peripheral vascularization, and low vascularization degree were risk factors for malignancy of nodules located in the thyroid isthmus (P<0.05). Compared with malignant nodules located in thyroid lobes, the tumors located in the isthmus more frequently had a wider-than-tall shape, clear and regular margins, peripheral vascularization, low vascularization degree, and cervical central lymph nodes metastasis (P<0.05). The actual malignancy rate of TIRADS 4A and 4B nodules located in the thyroid isthmus was higher than those suggested by the two types of TIRADS.

Conclusion

A taller-than-wide shape and ill-defined margins are ineffective ultrasonic features to distinguish malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones originating in the thyroid isthmus. Low vascularization degree can help diagnosing nodules in the thyroid isthmus. It is necessary to pay more attention to hypoechoic nodules located in the thyroid isthmus. When the thyroid isthmus nodules are stratified, appropriate upgrading should be made.

图1 患者女性,39岁,甲状腺峡部极低回声实性结节超声图像、彩色多普勒血流成像。图a为超声图像示:左右径5.9 mm,前后径3.9 mm,手术病理证实甲状腺乳头状癌;图b为彩色多普勒血流信号显示:周边型血供,血供程度较低;图c为颈侧组Ⅳ区可疑淋巴结超声图像,手术病理证实为淋巴结乳头状癌转移
表1 甲状腺峡部结节基本特征及超声特征的良恶性比较
超声特征 恶性(129例) 良性(67例) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,±s 46.5±13.0 53.4±12.2 t=0.999 0.319
性别[例(%)]     χ2=0.505 0.520
  男性 43(69.35) 19(30.65)    
  女性 86(64.18) 48(35.82)    
结节大小(mm,±s 10.8±5.5 11.5±5.8 t=1.112 0.408
内部结构[例(%)]     χ2=26.451 0.000
  实性 123(75.00) 41(25.00)    
  非实性 6(18.75) 26(81.25)    
回声水平[例(%)]     χ2=35.090 0.000
  122(72.62) 46(27.38)    
  非低 7(21.21) 26(78.79)    
纵横比(横切面)[例(%)]     χ2=2.820 0.093
  A/T>1 18(81.82) 4(18.18)    
  A/T≤1 111(63.79) 63(36.21)    
纵横比(纵切面)[例(%)]     χ2=3.139 0.076
  A/T>1 13(86.67) 2(13.33)    
  A/T≤1 116(64.09) 65(35.91)    
纵横比(任一切面)[例(%)]     χ2=3.415 0.065
  A/T>1 22(81.48) 5(18.52)    
  A/T≤1 107(63.31) 62(36.69)    
边缘[例(%)]     χ2=4.393 0.000
  不光整 95(75.40) 31(24.60)    
  光整 34(48.57) 36(51.43)    
边界[例(%)]     χ2=0.236 0.627
  不清晰 74(67.27) 36(32.73)    
  清晰 55(84.62) 31(36.05)    
均匀性[例(%)]     χ2=3.812 0.051
  不均匀 98(70.00) 42(30.00)    
  均匀 31(55.36) 25(44.64)    
钙化[例(%)]     χ2=15.276 0.000
  微钙化 55(84.62) 10(15.38)    
  非微钙化 74(56.49) 57(43.51)    
后方声衰减[例(%)]     χ2=0.624 0.430
  有衰减 23(71.88) 9(28.13)    
  无衰减 106(64.63) 58(35.37)    
血管模式[例(%)]     χ2=30.245 0.000
  周围型 98(80.33) 24(19.67)    
  非周围型 31(41.89) 43(58.11)    
血供程度[例(%)]     χ2=31.825 0.000
  低血供 96(81.36) 22(18.64)    
  非低血供 33(42.31) 45(57.69)    
弹性评分[例(%)]     χ2=23.532 0.000
  3~4分 30(90.91) 3(9.09)    
  0~2分 21(38.18) 34(61.82)    
甲状腺外侵犯[例(%)]     χ2=2.979 0.084
  有扩展 21(80.77) 5(19.67)    
  无扩展 108(63.53) 62(36.47)    
与包膜接触面积[例(%)]     χ2=0.112 0.738
  25%~100% 61(67.03) 30(32.97)    
  <25% 68(64.76) 37(35.24)    
合并弥漫性病变[例(%)]     χ2=0.173 0.677
  14(70.00) 6(30.00)    
  115(65.34) 61(34.66)    
表2 甲状腺峡部与侧叶恶性结节基本特征及超声特征比较[例(%)]
指标 峡部(129例) 侧叶(239例) χ2 P 指标 峡部(129例) 侧叶(239例) χ2 P
年龄     2.017 0.156   清晰 55(55.56) 44(41.38)    
  <45岁 58(31.52) 126(68.48)     均匀性     31.279 0.000
  ≥45岁 71(38.59) 113(61.41)       不均匀 98(30.06) 228(69.94)    
性别     0.302 0.583   均匀 31(73.81) 11(26.19)    
  男性 43(37.07) 73(62.93)     钙化     12.603 0.000
  女性 86(34.13) 166(62.93)       微钙化 55(27.09) 148(72.91)    
结节大小     0.225 0.635   非微钙化 74(44.85) 91(55.15)    
  <1 cm 69(33.99) 134(66.01)     后方声衰减     12.709 0.000
  ≥1 cm 60(36.36) 105(63.54)       有衰减 23(21.30) 85(78.70)    
内部结构     0.311 0.577   无衰减 106(40.77) 154(59.23)    
  实性 123(34.65) 232(65.35)     血管模式     14.804 0.000
  非实性 6(46.15) 7(53.85)       周围型 98(42.42) 133(57.58)    
回声水平     2.878 0.090   非周围型 31(22.63) 106(77.37)    
  122(34.65) 235(65.83)     血供程度     36.617 0.000
  非低 7(63.64) 4(36.36)       低血供 96(49.23) 99(50.77)    
纵横比(横切面)     63.509 0.000   非低血供 33(19.08) 140(80.92)    
  A/T>1 18(11.69) 136(88.31)     甲状腺外侵犯     6.767 0.009
  A/T≤1 111(51.87) 103(48.13)       有扩展 21(53.85) 18(46.15)    
纵横比(纵切面)     14.123 0.000   无扩展 108(32.83) 221(67.17)    
  A/T>1 13(16.88) 64(83.12)     与包膜接触面积     33.086 0.000
  A/T≤1 116(39.86) 175(60.14)       25~100% 68(25.95) 194(74.05)    
纵横比(任一切面)     54.301 0.000   <25% 61(57.55) 45(42.45)    
  A/T>1 22(13.92) 136(86.08)     合并弥漫性病变     0.493 0.483
  A/T≤1 107(50.95) 103(49.05)       14(30.43) 32(69.57)    
边缘     16.796 0.000   115(35.71) 207(64.29)    
  不光整 95(30.65) 215(69.35)     有无中央组淋巴结转移(病理)     4.181 0.041
  光整 34(58.62) 24(41.38)       55(41.67) 77(58.33)    
边界     25.003 0.000   74(31.09) 164(68.91)    
  不清晰 74(27.51) 195(72.49)                
表3 甲状腺峡部结节各分类实际恶性率与2种TI-RADS推荐恶性率的比较
1
Lee YS, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, et al. Papillary carcinoma located in the thyroid isthmus [J]. World J Surg, 2010, 34(1): 36-39.
2
Kwak JY, Han KH, Yoon JH, et al. Thyroid imaging reporting and data system for US features of nodules: a step in establishing better stratification of cancer risk [J]. Radiology, 2011, 260(3): 892-899.
3
Xu SY, Zhan WW, Wang WH. Evaluation of thyroid nodules by a scoring and categorizing method based on sonographic features [J]. J Ultrasound Med, 2015, 34(12): 2179-2185.
4
范凤景,秦玲,丁红宇, 等. 甲状腺峡部乳头状癌超声征象分析 [J/CD]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2015, 9(20): 41-43.
5
邵堂雷,汪洋,吴志浩, 等. 甲状腺峡部乳头状癌手术切除范围探讨 [J]. 中国实用外科杂志, 2012, 32(10): 841-843.
6
韩志江,项晶晶,包凌云, 等. 甲状腺钙化性病变的超声和CT联合诊断 [J]. 国际医学放射学杂志, 2016, 39(4): 416-421.
7
Moon HJ, Kwak JY, Kim MJ, et al. Can vascularity at power Doppler US help predict thyroid malignancy? [J] Radiology, 2010, 255(1): 260-269.
8
计静丹,詹维伟,徐上研. 彩色多普勒超声鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性价值的再探讨 [J/CD]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2011, 8(6): 62-65.
9
Horvath E, Majlis S, Rossi R, et al. An ultrasonogram reporting system for thyroid nodules stratifying cancer risk for clinical management [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2009, 94(5): 1748-1751.
[1] 丁雷, 罗文, 杨晓, 庞丽娜, 张佩蒂, 刘海静, 袁佳妮, 刘瑾. 高帧频超声造影在评价C-TIRADS 4-5类甲状腺结节成像特征中的应用[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 887-894.
[2] 张茜, 陈佳慧, 高雪萌, 赵傲雪, 黄瑛. 基于高帧频超声造影的影像组学特征鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(09): 895-903.
[3] 李卫民, 陈军民, 黄艳丽, 范晓芳, 韩文, 贾磊, 张俊超, 瞿辰. 基于中国甲状腺超声报告与数据系统分析超声在不同大小甲状腺结节中的诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(07): 743-748.
[4] 付泽辉, 王思齐, 卢叶君, 张剑, 贺烨, 陈卉. 超声对易误诊的等回声、高回声甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(05): 517-523.
[5] 郭云云, 解翔, 彭梅, 姜凡, 毕玉, 何年安, 胡蕾, 杨杨, 王涛, 石玉洁, 陈冬冬. ACR-TIRADS与C-TIRADS分类分别联合二维剪切波弹性成像对甲状腺结节分类的诊断效能——多中心回顾性研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(05): 511-516.
[6] 李俊, 彭健韵, 邱婉冰, 窦倩怡, 潘福顺, 梁瑾瑜. 甲状腺结节恶性风险分层(指南):ACR TI-RADS与C-TIRADS诊断效能及不同医师使用指南一致性的多中心回顾性比较研究[J]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 401-407.
[7] 李永浩, 高雪菲, 郭田田, 张进, 刘静. 峡部甲状腺乳头状癌手术方式的研究现状[J]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 225-230.
[8] 付曾强, 罗洪, 彭晶晶. 老年乳腺浸润性导管癌超声特征及其与分子分型相关性研究[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 258-261.
[9] 柴吉鑫, 张雪, 何时知, 齐艳涛, 王婧婧, 敖亚洲, 陈泳. 不同穿刺方法对甲状腺结节细胞学检查的应用[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(03): 315-318.
[10] 李全喜, 唐辉军, 唐友杰, 杨飞. DISCO成像技术在前列腺增生与前列腺癌鉴别诊断中的应用价值[J]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(04): 332-335.
[11] 吴新兰, 余静. 彩色多普勒超声在腹股沟斜疝和直疝与股疝鉴别诊断中的应用价值[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 611-614.
[12] 张霄峰, 王军. 腹股沟疝与股疝的超声征象及鉴别诊断价值分析[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(05): 615-618.
[13] 朱风尚, 舍玲, 丁永年, 杨长青. 警惕炎症性肠病与少见肠道疾病的鉴别诊断[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(05): 273-276.
[14] 吴枫, 刘晓璐, 王谦, 徐娟. 彩色多普勒超声对胃间质瘤的诊断价值[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2023, 13(04): 229-231.
[15] 周晓晴, 宁波, 令狐恩强. 肠系膜脂膜炎临床诊治的研究进展[J]. 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志, 2023, 10(04): 267-270.
阅读次数
全文


摘要