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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (05) : 405 -415. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2022.05.004

妇产科超声影像学

IETA常规超声特征与超声造影对子宫内膜癌病理分期的评估价值
林冬梅1, 朱云晓2, 袁鲲2, 黄羽君2, 刘文芬2, 徐作峰2, 郝轶1,()   
  1. 1. 518100 广东深圳,南方医科大学深圳医院超声科;510000 广东广州,南方医科大学第三临床学院
    2. 518107 广东深圳,中山大学附属第七医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-29 出版日期:2022-05-01
  • 通信作者: 郝轶
  • 基金资助:
    广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2021A1515011585); 深圳市科创委面上项目(JCYJ20190814110207603)

Diagnostic value of IETA conventional ultrasound imaging characteristics versus contrast-enhanced ultrasound in predicting pathological stage of endometrial carcinoma

Dongmei Lin1, Yunxiao Zhu2, Kun Yuan2, Yujun Huang2, Wenfen Liu2, Zuofeng Xu2, Yi Hao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
    2. Department of Medical Ultrasonics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
  • Received:2021-03-29 Published:2022-05-01
  • Corresponding author: Yi Hao
引用本文:

林冬梅, 朱云晓, 袁鲲, 黄羽君, 刘文芬, 徐作峰, 郝轶. IETA常规超声特征与超声造影对子宫内膜癌病理分期的评估价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2022, 19(05): 405-415.

Dongmei Lin, Yunxiao Zhu, Kun Yuan, Yujun Huang, Wenfen Liu, Zuofeng Xu, Yi Hao. Diagnostic value of IETA conventional ultrasound imaging characteristics versus contrast-enhanced ultrasound in predicting pathological stage of endometrial carcinoma[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2022, 19(05): 405-415.

目的

联合使用国际子宫内膜肿瘤分析(IETA)经阴道常规超声与超声造影评估子宫内膜癌(EC)患者肌层浸润深度及宫颈有无侵犯,预测EC的病理分期;比较此2种方法的诊断价值。

方法

将南方医科大学深圳医院及中山大学附属第七医院2017年1月至2020年12月间83例已手术的EC患者纳入研究,所有患者术前1个月内均行经阴道常规超声及超声造影检查,由2名具有10年以上妇产超声工作经验的超声医师,掌握IETA专家小组拟定的子宫内膜病变共识的具体内容,对所有入组病例的常规超声及超声造影图像进行盲法分析,以病理结果为参考,比较分析常规超声主、客观测量法及超声造影主、客观测量法对EC病理分期的诊断符合率,采用Kappa检验分析超声与病理结果的一致性。同时采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析超声客观测量方法对EC深肌层浸润及宫颈有无侵犯的诊断效能。

结果

本研究发现IETA专家共识总结的子宫内膜厚度、病灶回声、宫腔线的形状、子宫内膜-肌层交界处(结合带)情况、无“亮边”征及子宫内膜病灶血管模式在不同病理分期的EC中,均有较高的特异度及一致性,是预测EC较好的超声指标。超声造影主观评估法(Kappa=0.873,P<0.001)、超声造影客观测量法(Kappa=0.842,P<0.001)、IETA常规超声主观评估法(Kappa=0.811,P<0.001)、IETA常规超声客观测量法(Kappa=0.764,P<0.001)此4种诊断方法与病理结果一致性均良好,超声造影较常规超声对EC病理分期的诊断符合率有一定程度的提高[主观评估法、客观评估法:(90.36%、87.95%) vs(85.54%、81.93%)]。常规超声或超声造影显示病灶前后径、病灶的体积、病灶与子宫前后径的比值对预测EC深肌层浸润(浸润深度≥1/2)均有较好的诊断效能,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)均≥0.945,常规超声或超声造影显示病灶外缘与浆膜层的最小距离评估法诊断效能较差,AUC仅为0.414、0.462。常规超声或超声造影显示病灶下缘与宫颈外口距离评估法对预测EC有无宫颈侵犯的诊断效能一般,AUC为0.521、0.559。

结论

IETA经阴道常规超声声像特征与超声造影对EC的诊断及预测病理分期均具有较好的效果,且对超声术语进行规范化描述,临床上值得推荐使用。超声造影较经阴道常规超声的诊断效能有一定程度提高,能更好地显示病变对周围肌层及宫颈的浸润深度、侵犯范围;超声造影联合经阴道常规超声,可能达到EC早期发现、准确分期、早期治疗的目的。

Objective

To compare the value of IETA conventional transvaginal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in evaluating the depth of muscular invasion and cervical invasion in patients with endometrial cancer (EC), and in predicting the pathological stage of EC.

Methods

A total of 83 EC patients who had been operated on at Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University or the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2017 to December 2020 were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent conventional transvaginal ultrasound and CEUS examination within one month before surgery. The conventional ultrasound and CEUS images of all enrolled patients were analyzed by two sonographers with more than 10 years of experience in obstetrics and gynecology ultrasound, both of whom had been familiar with the specific contents of the consensus on endometrial lesions by the IETA expert group prior to the analysis. The diagnostic coincidence rate of conventional ultrasound and CEUS for EC pathological staging was compared by using pathological results as the reference, and the kappa value was used to test the consistency between ultrasound and pathological results. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of objective ultrasonic measurement methods for deep muscle invasion and cervical invasion in EC.

Results

The endometrial thickness, endometrial echogenicity, endometrial midline appearance, endometrial-myometrial junction, absence of "bright edge" sign, and vascular pattern of endometrial lesions concluded by IETA experts had high specificity and consistency in EC with different pathological stages in this study, and they were good ultrasonic indicators for predicting EC. The CEUS subjective assessment (Kappa=0.873, P<0.001), CEUS objective measurement (Kappa=0.842, P<0.001), IETA conventional ultrasound subjective assessment (Kappa=0.811, P<0.001), and IETA conventional ultrasound objective measurement (Kappa=0.764, P<0.001) were in good agreement with pathological results. The diagnostic coincidence rate of CEUS for EC pathological stages was somewhat improved compared with that of conventional ultrasound. On conventional ultrasound or CEUS, the anterior and posterior diameter of the lesion, the volume of the lesion, and the ratio of the anterior and posterior diameter of the lesion to the uterine anterior and posterior diameter (AP ratio) all had good diagnostic efficacy in predicting deep muscular invasion (invasion depth ≥1/2) in EC, and the areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were all ≥0.945; the minimum distance between the outer edge of the lesion and the serous layer had poor diagnostic efficiency, with AUCs of only 0.414 and 0.462, respectively; the distance between the lower edge of the lesion and the external cervical opening was not effective in predicting the presence of cervical invasion in EC, with AUCs of 0.521 and 0.559, respectively.

Conclusion

Both IETA routine transvaginal ultrasonography and CEUS have high diagnostic efficacy in the prediction of pathological stages of EC. The diagnostic efficiency of CEUS is somewhat improved compared with that of conventional transvaginal ultrasound, and it can better display the depth of lesion invasion to the muscular layer and the scope of cervical invasion. Combining CEUS with routine transvaginal ultrasound may help achieve the goal of early detection, accurate staging, and early treatment of EC.

图1 不同病理分期的子宫内膜癌(EC)超声检查彩色血流图。图a、b均为ⅠA期EC患者,病灶显示少量血流信号;图c为ⅠB期EC患者,病灶显示中等量血流信号;图d为Ⅱ期EC患者,病灶显示中-大量血流信号;图e为Ⅲ期EC患者,病灶显示大量血流信号;图f为Ⅳ期EC患者,病灶显示大量血流信号
图2 子宫内膜癌(EC)患者不同造影时相图显示无论是增强期或是消退期,造影图显示病灶边界均较灰阶超声图像清晰。患者女性,67岁,绝经15年余,异常阴道出血2月余就诊,术后病理:子宫内膜样腺癌ⅠA期。图a为第21秒造影时相图,显示病灶为早期高增强,呈快进模式,二维图像无法区分EC病灶与缺血坏死区,造影能清晰分辨病灶及缺血坏死区(缺血坏死区呈无增强);图b为第35秒造影时相图,显示病灶呈“快退”模式,消退时间明显早于周边正常肌层;图c、d分别为第1分12秒及第2分35秒消退期造影时相图注:黑色箭头所指处为子宫内膜病变的病灶处
表1 IETA常规超声声像和超声造影与子宫内膜癌病理分期的关系
项目 ⅠA ⅠB
病例总数(83例) 33 15 13 11 11

绝经后(53例)

15 12 10 7 9

绝经前(30例)

18 3 3 4 2
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
50.07±11.19 54.32±9.68 56.75±8.85 58.60±15.39 62.47±7.54
子宫内膜厚度(mm,
x¯
±s
14.71±4.65 21.47±2.62 24.58±2.57 26.89±4.99 32.18±3.71

绝经前(mm,

x¯
±s

15.60±3.82 23.87±2.43 25.96±3.37 27.78±5.85 33.65±4.82

绝经后(mm,

x¯
±s

12.41±4.86 20.43±3.11 23.52±2.34 25.14±4.79 29.14±3.35
常规超声

病灶前后径(mm,

x¯
±s

13.79±4.72 20.80±2.91 24.77±4.78 26.40±4.86 30.91±4.06

病灶体积[ml,

x¯
±s/MQR)]

4.44(2.39,5.88) 16.99±2.82 21.71±4.79 31.46±7.47 32.71±6.04

病灶前后径与子宫前后径的比值

0.36±0.12 0.55±0.02 0.61±0.09 0.68±0.11 0.83±0.07

病灶外缘到浆膜层的最小距离[mm,

x¯
±s/MQR)]

6.00(5.37,11.00) 10.66±1.44 8.78±2.21 1.85(-0.75,3.25) 0.00(-12.00,2.00)

病灶下缘至宫颈外口的距离[mm,

x¯
±s/MQR)]

16.95(15.60,27.25) 17.44±3.41 23.11±3.89 19.53±3.97 12.00(-11.00,21.00)

病灶回声

均匀等回声1例;非均匀背景不伴囊性区21例;非均匀背景伴不规则囊性区11例 非均匀背景不伴囊性区8例;非均匀背景伴不规则囊性区7例 非均匀背景不伴囊性区7例;非均匀背景伴不规则囊性区6例 非均匀背景不伴囊性区6例;非均匀背景伴不规则囊性区5例 非均匀背景不伴囊性区4例;非均匀背景伴不规则囊性区7例

宫腔线的形状

线性2例;局部中断15例;不明确16例 局部中断7例;不明确8例 局部中断5例;不明确8例 局部中断4例;不明确7例 局部中断2例;不明确9例

子宫内膜-肌层交界处(结合带)

规则的13例;局部中断12例;不明确的8例 局部中断7例;不明确的8例 局部中断6例;不明确的7例 局部中断3例;不明确的8例 局部中断1例;不明确的10例

“亮边”征

均无 均无 均无 均无 均无
宫腔积液的描述 无积液21例;呈“无回声或低回声”6例;呈“磨砂玻璃”征4例;呈“混合”回声2例 无积液7例;呈“无回声或低回声”5例;呈“混合”回声3例 无积液5例;呈“无回声或低回声”3例;呈“磨砂玻璃”征1例;呈“混合”回声4例 无积液3例;呈“无回声或低回声”2例;呈“磨砂玻璃”征1例;呈“混合”回声5例 无积液4例;呈“无回声或低回声”2例;呈“混合”回声5例
超声血流评分 1分:2例;2分:9例;3分:19例;4分:3例 2分:2例;3分:8例;4分:5例 3分:7例;4分:6例 3分:4例;4分:7例 3分:2例;4分:9例
子宫内膜血管模式 无血管显示模式:2例;单条优势血管(无分支)模式:1例;单条优势血管(有分支)模式:2例;多条优势血管(局灶性起源)模式:12例;多条优势血管(多灶性起源)模式:15例;散点型血管模式:1例 单条优势血管(有分支)模式:1例;多条优势血管(局灶性起源)模式:6例;多条优势血管(多灶性起源)模式:8例 多条优势血管(局灶性起源)模式:5例;多条优势血管(多灶性起源)模式:8例 多条优势血管(局灶性起源)模式:2例;多条优势血管(多灶性起源)模式:9例 多条优势血管(局灶性起源)模式:1例;多条优势血管(多灶性起源)模式:10例
超声造影

增强模式

快进快退32例;快进慢退1例 快进快退15例 快进快退12例;同步增强,早消退1例 快进快退11例 快进快退11例

增强强度

31例显示片状不均匀高增强,未见粗大血管,部分病例可见不规则无增强区;2例显示等增强,未见无增强区 全部病例显示片状不均匀高增强,未见粗大血管,部分病例可见不规则无增强区 12例显示片状不均匀高增强,未见粗大血管,部分病例可见不规则无增强区;1例显示均匀等增强,未见粗大血管,未见无增强区 全部病例显示片状不均匀高增强,未见粗大血管,部分病例可见不规则无增强区 全部病例显示片状不均匀高增强,未见粗大血管,部分病例可见不规则无增强区

病灶的前后径(mm,

x¯
±s

15.24±4.72 21.80±2.62 25.62±4.13 28.20±3.65 32.18±3.92

病灶体积[ml,

x¯
±s/MQR)]

4.99(2.83,6.55) 18.50(17.10,20.20) 23.02±4.99 29.00(27.93,35.27) 33.41(29.90,40.60)

病灶前后径与子宫前后径的比值(

x¯
±s

0.39±0.10 0.58±0.02 0.63±0.08 0.73±0.11 0.85±0.07

病灶外缘到浆膜层的最小距离[mm,

x¯
±s/MQR)]

6.95(6.00,11.08) 10.79±1.59 9.68±2.32 2.65(-1.05,5.70) 0.00(-13.00,2.70)

病灶下缘至宫颈外口的距离[mm,

x¯
±s/MQR)]

16.95(15.70,26.25) 17.35±3.50 23.07±3.96 20.23±4.70 18.60(-6.00,21.00)
表2 IETA常规超声声像和超声造影对子宫内膜癌病理分期的诊断符合率
图3 评估子宫内膜癌病例深肌层浸润(浸润深度≥1/2)各客观测量方法受试者操作特征曲线图注:A为常规超声显示病灶前后径评估法;B为超声造影显示病灶前后径评估法;C为常规超声显示病灶体积评估法;D为超声造影显示病灶体积评估计法;E为常规超声显示病灶与子宫前后径的比值评估法;F为超声造影显示病灶与子宫前后径的比值评估法;G为常规超声显示病灶外缘至浆膜层最小距离评估法;H为超声造影显示病灶外缘至浆膜层最小距离评估法;I为常规超声显示的病灶与子宫前后径的比值与病灶外缘至浆膜层最小距离联合评估法;J为超声造影显示的病灶与子宫前后径的比值与病灶外缘至浆膜层最小距离联合评估法
表3 评估子宫内膜癌深肌层浸润及宫颈有无侵犯各客观测量诊断方法受试者操作特征曲线分析数值
图4 评估子宫内膜癌病例宫颈有无侵犯测量方法的受试者操作特征曲线图注:A为常规超声显示病灶下缘至宫颈外口的距离评估法;B为超声造影显示病灶下缘至宫颈外口的距离评估法
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