探讨睾丸结核的临床及超声影像学特征。

回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年10月西藏自治区人民医院37例临床诊断为睾丸结核的患者的临床及超声影像学资料，总结其特征。

37例患者中单侧睾丸结核26例，双侧睾丸结核11例。临床症状以阴囊肿大、慢性肿胀疼痛为主。超声检查表现多样，以片状低回声及混合回声（17/37，45.9%）、粟粒样结节（18/37，48.6%）、结节或肿块（6/37，16.2%）、窦道形成（8/37，21.62%）为主要超声表现，部分患者可多种征象并存。32例患者同时伴发附睾结核声像图改变，表现为附睾弥漫性增大、结节或脓肿。

睾丸结核的临床表现及超声声像图表现多样。详细了解相关病史，熟练掌握其超声声像图特征及鉴别诊断要点，有助于做出正确诊断。

To investigate the clinical and ultrasonographic features of testicular tuberculosis.

Thirty-seven patients clinically diagnosed with testicular tuberculosis at Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2013 to October 2020 were reviewed retrospectively, and the clinical and sonographic imaging characteristics were summarized.

Among the 37 cases included, 26 were unilateral testicular tuberculosis and 11 were bilateral. The main clinical symptoms were scrotal enlargement, chronic swelling, and pain. The ultrasonographic findings of testicular tuberculosis were diverse and nonspecific, mainly including patchy hypoechoic and mixed echo (17/37, 45.9%), miliary nodules (18/37, 48.6%), nodule or mass (6/37, 16.2%), and sinus formation (8/37, 21.62%). Some patients could have multiple signs. Thirty-two patients were accompanied with epididymal tuberculosis, which showed diffuse enlargement, nodules, or abscesses.

The clinical and ultrasonic manifestations of testicular tuberculosis are diverse. A detailed understanding of relevant medical history, the ultrasonic image characteristics, and the key points of differential diagnosis will help to make a correct diagnosis.