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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (06) : 547 -555. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.06.008

浅表器官超声影像学

基于高频超声与剪切波弹性成像评估继发性淋巴水肿患者术后疗效的初步研究
张硕1,2, 袁建军2, 崔明哲2, 丁晓2, 吴铭2, 郭艳艳2, 彭会娟2, 秦亚飞2, 陈晨2, 朱好辉2,()   
  1. 1453000 新乡医学院
    2450003 郑州,河南省人民医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27 出版日期:2025-06-01
  • 通信作者: 朱好辉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82371980); 2021年度河南省卫生健康中青年学科带头人培育项目; 2022年度河南省科技厅河南省科技攻关项目(SBGJ202102013)

High-frequency ultrasound combined with shear wave elastography for evaluation of surgical outcomes in secondary lymphedema: a preliminary study

Shuo Zhang1,2, Jianjun Yuan2, Mingzhe Cui2, Xiao Ding2, Ming Wu2, Yanyan Guo2, Huijuan Peng2, Yafei Qin2, Chen Chen2, Haohui Zhu2,()   

  1. 1Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
    2Department of Ultrasound, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
  • Received:2025-02-27 Published:2025-06-01
  • Corresponding author: Haohui Zhu
引用本文:

张硕, 袁建军, 崔明哲, 丁晓, 吴铭, 郭艳艳, 彭会娟, 秦亚飞, 陈晨, 朱好辉. 基于高频超声与剪切波弹性成像评估继发性淋巴水肿患者术后疗效的初步研究[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(06): 547-555.

Shuo Zhang, Jianjun Yuan, Mingzhe Cui, Xiao Ding, Ming Wu, Yanyan Guo, Huijuan Peng, Yafei Qin, Chen Chen, Haohui Zhu. High-frequency ultrasound combined with shear wave elastography for evaluation of surgical outcomes in secondary lymphedema: a preliminary study[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(06): 547-555.

目的

应用高频超声与剪切波弹性成像(SWE)技术评估淋巴静脉吻合术(LVA)治疗继发性淋巴水肿的疗效。

方法

本研究为一项前瞻性研究。纳入2023年8月至2024年8月于河南省人民医院血管外科接受LVA手术的继发性淋巴水肿患者34例,治疗前后患者均接受肢体周径测量、生物电阻抗分析(BIA)以及高频超声与SWE的检查。分析比较治疗前与治疗后多个肢体测量点的真皮层剪切波速度和厚度以及皮下组织层剪切波速度和皮下组织厚度,采用Pearson或Spearman检验分析各超声测量值治疗后改善率与患侧肢体过剩体积百分比(PEV)改善率及细胞外水比率(ECW/TBW)改善率的相关性。

结果

34例患者中,健侧肢体与患侧肢体对应部位真皮层、皮下组织层的厚度与剪切波速度均存在显著差异(P均<0.001)。LVA后,患侧PEV及ECW/TBW均降低,差异均具统计学意义(P<0.001);各测量点真皮层剪切波速度降低、皮下组织层剪切波速度升高、皮下组织层厚度降低,差异均具统计学意义(P<0.001);真皮层厚度治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各测量点真皮层剪切波速度改善率与ΔPEV均呈正相关(r =0.392~0.709,P均<0.05),与Δ(ECW/TBW)均呈正相关(r =0.346~0.687,P均<0.05)。皮下组织剪切波速度改善率与ΔPEV均呈负相关,膝关节上下的两个平面(髌骨上缘下10 cm平面和髌骨上缘平面)及小腿中点平面各点的相关性较高(r均<-0.5,P均<0.01);皮下组织剪切波速度改善率与Δ(ECW/TBW)呈负相关,以膝关节上下两个平面(髌骨上缘下10 cm平面和髌骨上缘平面)及小腿中点平面各点的相关性较高(r均<-0.41,P均<0.05)。皮下组织厚度改善率与ΔPEV及Δ(ECW/TBW)呈正相关(r =0.316~0.708,P均<0.05)。

结论

继发性淋巴水肿患者LVA术后肢体真皮层剪切波速度降低、皮下组织层变薄。采用高频超声与SWE技术评估淋巴水肿手术治疗效果,可精细化反映患侧肢体治疗前后各组织层次改变情况,为术后随访及治疗提供超声影像学证据。

Objective

To explore the application of high-frequency ultrasound combined with shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing the efficacy of lymphatic venous anastomosis (LVA) in the treatment of secondary lymphedema.

Methods

This prospective study included 34 patients with secondary lymphedema who underwent LVA at the Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between August 2023 and August 2024. Limb circumference measurement, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and high-frequency ultrasound combined with SWE were performed both before and after treatment. We analyzed and compared the dermal shear wave velocity and thickness, as well as the subcutaneous tissue shear wave velocity and thickness, at multiple limb measurement points pre- and post-treatment. Furthermore, Pearson or Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the correlation between the improvement rates of the ultrasound-derived parameters after treatment and the improvement rates of both the percentage of excess volume (PEV) in the affected limb and the extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW).

Results

Significant differences were observed in dermal thickness and shear wave velocity (SWV) of both the dermis and subcutaneous tissue layer between the healthy and affected limbs (P<0.001). Following LVA, PEV and ECW/TBW of the affected limb significantly decreased P<0.001); dermal SWV significantly decreased at all measurement points (P<0.001); subcutaneous tissue layer SWV significantly increased (P<0.001); and dermal thickness changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Positive correlations were found between ΔPEV and Δ(ECW/TBW) (r>0.7, P<0.001), between the change rate of dermal SWV and ΔPEV at each measurement point (r =0.392-0.709, P<0.05), and between the change rate of dermal SWV and Δ(ECW/TBW) (r =0.346-0.687, P<0.05) Negative correlations were found between the change rate of subcutaneous tissue SWV and ΔPEV, with higher correlations observed at planes near the knee (10 cm below the superior patellar border and the superior patellar border plane) and the calf mid-point plane (r<-0.5, P<0.01), and between the change rate of subcutaneous tissue SWV and Δ(ECW/TBW), with higher correlations observed at points on the knee-related planes and calf mid-point plan than at thigh segment points (r<-0.41, P<0.05). The change rate of subcutaneous tissue thickness was positively correlated with both ΔPEV and Δ(ECW/TBW) (r =0.316-0.708, P<0.05).

Conclusion

Following LVA in patients with secondary lymphedema, decreased SWV in the dermis and thinning of the subcutaneous tissue layer were observed. High-frequency ultrasound combined with SWE effectively quantifies these changes across different tissue layers before and after treatment, providing valuable ultrasonographic evidence for postoperative follow-up and treatment assessment.

图1 研究对象纳入流程图
图2 肢体周径测量示意图。M1为髌骨上缘上10 cm水平,M2为髌骨上缘水平,M3为髌骨上缘下10 cm水平,M4为小腿中点水平(髌尖与踝关节横纹连线的中点),M5为踝关节横纹水平,M6为足背中点水平(踝关节横纹与2、3趾间蹼蹼尖连线的中点);a测量点为各水平面与腹股沟中点与髌骨尖连线、髌尖与踝关节横纹连线的交叉点,b测量点为内侧1/4周径处,c测量点为外侧1/4周径处
图3 继发性淋巴水肿患者健侧与患侧肢体超声测量图像。图a,b分别为健侧肢体真皮层厚度、皮下组织层厚度的二维超声测量图和剪切波弹性成像模式下测量图;图c,d分别为对应的患侧肢体相同测量点的真皮层厚度、皮下组织层厚度二维超声测量图和剪切波弹性成像模式下测量图
图4 继发性淋巴水肿患者淋巴静脉吻合术(LVA)术前及术后超声测量图像。图a,b分别为LVA术前患侧肢体真皮层厚度和皮下组织层厚度的二维超声测量图和剪切波弹性成像模式下测量图;图c,d分别为LVA术后患侧肢体(与术前相同测量点)真皮层厚度和皮下组织层厚度的二维超声测量图和剪切波弹性成像模式下测量图
表1 34例继发性淋巴水肿患者下肢健侧与患侧相同部位真皮层剪切波速度和真皮层厚度的比较[±sM(IQR)]
测量点 真皮层剪切波速度(m/s) 真皮层厚度(cm)
健侧 患侧 统计值 P 健侧 患侧 统计值 P
足背中点 2.73±0.65 3.93±0.88 t = 94.33 <0.001 0.11±0.02 0.24±0.05 t  = 87.64 <0.001
足踝a点 2.61±0.41 4.21±0.81 t = 110.36 <0.001 0.08±0.06 0.28±0.06 t = 94.23 <0.001
足踝b点 2.39±0.51 4.32±0.80 t = 113.68 <0.001 0.09±0.04 0.28±0.05 t = 97.34 <0.001
足踝c点 2.66(0.29) 4.69(0.78) Z = 101.71 <0.001 0.10±0.04 0.27±0.06 t = 110.52 <0.001
小腿中a点 2.54±0.72 4.34±0.61 t = 114.49 <0.001 0.11±0.05 0.30±0.07 t = 121.30 <0.001
小腿中b点 2.46±0.19 4.32±0.69 t = 109.81 <0.001 0.09±0.05 0.28±0.06 t = 143.29 <0.001
小腿中c点 2.63±0.13 4.23±0.64 t = 167.91 <0.001 0.09±0.07 0.27±0.06 t = 117.53 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm a点 2.47±0.62 4.31±0.70 t = 116.14 <0.001 0.10±0.05 0.28±0.07 t = 127.32 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm b点 2.44±0.19 4.09±0.79 t = 109.33 <0.001 0.12±0.04 0.27±0.05 t = 129.37 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm c点 2.48±0.22 4.04±0.78 t = 118.35 <0.001 0.11±0.06 0.27±0.07 t = 98.51 <0.001
髌骨上缘a点 2.13(0.52) 2.94(0.72) Z = 90.12 <0.001 0.10±0.05 0.26±0.06 t = 87.62 <0.001
髌骨上缘b点 2.09(0.43) 2.97(0.91) Z = 76.14 <0.001 0.09±0.04 0.28±0.05 t = 135.27 <0.001
髌骨上缘c点 2.15±0.18 3.12±0.11 t = 98.34 <0.001 0.10±0.05 0.27±0.05 t = 167.33 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm a点 2.06(0.54) 2.61(0.81) Z = 102.42 <0.001 0.09(0.06) 0.25(0.09) Z = 114.83 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm b点 2.05±0.29 2.65±0.51 t = 114.31 <0.001 0.10±0.04 0.28±0.05 t = 127.54 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm c点 2.08±0.12 2.88±0.50 t = 113.67 <0.001 0.09±0.05 0.27±0.06 t = 112.76 <0.001
表2 34例继发性淋巴水肿患者下肢健侧与患侧相同部位皮下组织剪切波速度和皮下组织厚度的比较[±sM(IQR)]
测量点 皮下组织剪切波速度(m/s) 皮下组织厚度(cm)
健侧 患侧 统计值 P 健侧 患侧 统计值 P
足背中点 1.59±0.25 1.86±0.32 t = 97.66 <0.001 0.21±0.22 0.63±0.25 t = 94.35 <0.001
足踝a点 1.47±0.42 1.69±0.54 t = 76.21 <0.001 0.38±0.12 1.03±0.55 t = 87.29 <0.001
足踝b点 1.48±0.23 1.79±0.39 t = 113.29 <0.001 0.54±0.29 1.64±0.61 t = 91.37 <0.001
足踝c点 1.51±0.37 1.79±0.45 t = 115.03 <0.001 0.42(0.27) 1.13(0.72) Z = 92.31 <0.001
小腿中a点 1.46±0.28 1.97±0.17 t = 121.37 <0.001 0.27±0.13 1.01±0.44 t = 78.34 <0.001
小腿中b点 1.44±0.68 1.93±0.42 t = 106.18 <0.001 0.88±0.23 1.87±0.65 t = 91.20 <0.001
小腿中c点 1.44(0.36) 1.87(0.60) Z = 109.14 <0.001 0.39±0.17 1.47±0.54 t = 97.51 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm a点 1.45±0.24 1.85±0.33 t = 73.37 <0.001 0.39±0.26 1.18±0.61 t = 92.31 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm b点 1.34±0.72 1.84±0.39 t = 94.21 <0.001 0.82±0.25 2.37±0.81 t = 101.29 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm c点 1.42±0.31 1.79±0.31 t = 115.61 <0.001 0.47±0.21 1.50±0.61 t = 103.46 <0.001
髌骨上缘a点 1.43±0.42 1.72±0.19 t = 91.32 <0.002 0.74±0.23 1.88±0.73 t = 111.23 <0.001
髌骨上缘b点 1.39±0.71 1.77±0.22 t = 89.37 <0.001 1.01±0.35 2.93±0.95 t = 121.53 <0.001
髌骨上缘c点 1.42(0.25) 1.72(0.30) Z = 49.04 <0.001 0.69±0.23 1.78±0.82 t = 91.28 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm a点 1.38±0.26 1.73±0.18 t = 76.19 <0.001 1.02(0.38) 1.99(0.87) Z = 94.73 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm b点 1.29±0.18 1.85±0.29 t = 88.15 <0.001 1.21±0.470 3.03±0.81 t = 112.23 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm c点 1.29(0.20) 1.69(0.30) Z = 93.03 <0.001 0.87±0.28 2.00±0.88 t = 97.62 <0.001
表3 继发性淋巴水肿患者患侧肢体治疗前后PEV和ECW/TBW比较(%,±s
表4 34例继发性淋巴水肿患者患肢不同测量点真皮层剪切波速度和真皮层厚度治疗前后比较[±sM(IQR)]
测量点 真皮层剪切波速度(m/s) 真皮层厚度(cm)
治疗前 治疗后 统计值 P 治疗前 治疗后 统计值 P
足背中点 3.93±0.88 3.16±0.64 t = 99.39 <0.001 0.24±0.05 0.22±0.05 t = 0.59 0.42
足踝a点 4.21±0.81 3.32±0.69 t = 129.96 <0.001 0.28±0.06 0.27±0.06 t = 0.57 0.46
足踝b点 4.32±0.80 3.48±0.72 t = 125.98 <0.001 0.28±0.05 0.27±0.05 t = 0.70 0.41
足踝c点 4.69±0.78 3.64±0.60 t = 129.95 <0.001 0.27±0.06 0.26±0.05 t = 0.51 0.48
小腿中a点 4.34±0.61 3.45±0.56 t = 147.68 <0.001 0.30±0.07 0.29±0.06 t = 1.77 0.19
小腿中b点 4.32±0.69 3.45±0.64 t = 146.80 <0.001 0.28±0.06 0.28±0.06 t = 2.59 0.11
小腿中c点 4.23±0.63 3.26±1.04 t = 198.09 <0.001 0.27±0.06 0.28±0.06 t = 0.32 0.57
髌骨上缘下10 cm a点 4.31±0.70 3.38±0.59 t = 137.24 <0.001 0.28±0.07 0.28±0.06 t = 0.27 0.61
髌骨上缘下10 cm b点 4.09±0.79 3.25±0.63 t = 118.69 <0.001 0.27±0.05 0.27±0.05 t = 2.93 0.09
髌骨上缘下10 cm c点 4.04±0.78 3.13±0.68 t = 120.39 <0.001 0.27±0.07 0.27±0.07 t = 0.89 0.35
髌骨上缘a点 2.94(0.72) 2.55(0.49) Z = 70.04 <0.001 0.26±0.06 0.26±0.05 t = 0.38 0.55
髌骨上缘b点 2.97(0.91) 2.63(0.73) Z = 49.11 <0.001 0.28±0.05 0.27±0.05 t = 0.35 0.56
髌骨上缘c点 3.12(1.22) 2.54(0.77) Z = 91.64 <0.001 0.27±0.05 0.27±0.04 t = 0.67 0.42
髌骨上缘上10 cm a点 2.61±0.80 2.23±0.54 t = 121.32 <0.001 0.25±0.09 0.26±0.06 t = 0.84 0.37
髌骨上缘上10 cm b点 2.65(0.82) 2.18(0.51) Z = 104.38 <0.001 0.28±0.05 0.29±0.05 t = 0.57 0.45
髌骨上缘上10 cm c点 2.88±0.50 2.31±0.41 t = 131.79 <0.001 0.27±0.06 0.27±0.05 t = 0.66 0.42
表5 34例继发性淋巴水肿患者患肢不同测量点皮下组织剪切波速度和皮下组织厚度治疗前后比较[±sM(IQR)]
测量点 皮下组织剪切波速度(m/s) 皮下组织厚度(cm)
治疗前 治疗后 统计值 P 治疗前 治疗后 统计值 P
足背中点 1.86(0.32) 2.30(0.79) Z = 72.44 <0.001 0.63(0.27) 0.37(0.23) Z=81.05 <0.001
足踝a点 1.69±0.54 2.42±0.60 t = 61.96 <0.001 1.03±0.55 0.68±0.22 t=65.94 <0.001
足踝b点 1.79±0.39 2.41±0.41 t = 128.96 <0.001 1.64±0.61 0.95±0.44 t=88.96 <0.001
足踝c点 1.79±0.45 2.35±0.49 t = 45.00 <0.001 1.13(0.72) 0.68(0.38) Z=57.83 <0.001
小腿中a点 1.97(0.61) 2.37±0.42 115.53 <0.001 1.01±0.44 0.49±0.30 t=85.25 <0.001
小腿中b点 1.93(0.34) 2.27(0.48) Z = 136.83 <0.001 1.87±0.65 1.12±0.45 t=89.65 <0.001
小腿中c点 1.87(0.60) 2.30(0.68) Z = 110.72 <0.001 1.47±0.54 0.78±0.27 t=77.05 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm a点 1.85±0.33 2.27±0.72 t = 53.70 <0.001 1.18±0.61 0.68±0.36 t=67.92 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm b点 1.84±0.39 2.28±0.55 t = 44.91 <0.001 2.37±0.81 1.38±0.62 t=102.47 <0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm c点 1.79(0.38) 2.19(0.55) Z = 117.62 <0.001 1.50(0.61) 0.90(0.49) Z=83.66 <0.001
髌骨上缘a点 1.72±0.48 2.02±0.31 t = 11.75 <0.002 1.88±0.73 1.16±0.61 t=79.05 <0.001
髌骨上缘b点 1.77(0.41) 2.06(0.46) t = 69.97 <0.001 2.93±0.95 1.71±0.73 t=105.71 <0.001
髌骨上缘c点 1.72±0.30 1.97±0.43 t = 28.02 <0.001 1.78±0.82 1.08±0.50 t=51.11 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm a点 1.73±0.18 1.92±0.23 t = 73.28 <0.001 1.99±0.87 1.26±0.53 t=74.28 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm b点 1.85±0.29 2.03±0.37 t = 72.50 <0.001 3.03±0.81 1.92±0.70 t=110.82 <0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm c点 1.69(0.30) 1.86(0.28) Z = 94.11 <0.001 2.00±0.88 1.11±0.56 t=71.69 <0.001
表6 34例继发性淋巴水肿患者各超声测量值治疗前后的改善率与ΔPEV及ΔECW/TBW的相关性
测量点 ΔSWVa/ΔPEV ΔSWVa/Δ(ECW/TBW) ΔSWVb/ΔPEV ΔSWVb/Δ(ECW/TBW) Δ厚度/ΔPEV Δ厚度/Δ(ECW/TBW)
r P r P r P r P r P r P
足背中点 0.574 0.001 0.601 0.001 -0.300 0.045 -0.371 0.031 0.400 0.019 0.477 0.004
足踝a点 0.651 0.001 0.627 0.001 -0.357 0.038 -0.284 0.033 0.343 0.047 0.384 0.025
足踝b点 0.484 0.004 0.513 0.002 -0.370 0.031 -0.472 0.005 0.336 0.042 0.396 0.020
足踝c点 0.486 0.004 0.450 0.008 -0.441 0.009 -0.482 0.004 0.345 0.046 0.316 0.039
小腿中a点 0.704 0.001 0.664 0.001 -0.523 0.002 -0.565 0.001 0.688 0.001 0.708 0.001
小腿中b点 0.714 0.001 0.687 0.001 -0.594 0.001 -0.600 0.001 0.605 0.001 0.612 0.001
小腿中c点 0.709 0.001 0.656 0.001 -0.580 0.001 -0.592 0.001 0.589 0.001 0.654 0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm a点 0.544 0.001 0.514 0.001 -0.504 0.002 -0.436 0.010 0.518 0.002 0.437 0.010
髌骨上缘下10 cm b点 0.586 0.001 0.531 0.001 -0.604 0.001 -0.559 0.001 0.682 0.001 0.548 0.001
髌骨上缘下10 cm c点 0.490 0.003 0.415 0.015 -0.609 0.001 -0.499 0.001 0.685 0.001 0.657 0.001
髌骨上缘a点 0.529 0.001 0.390 0.023 -0.520 0.002 -0.501 0.003 0.577 0.001 0.672 0.001
髌骨上缘b点 0.558 0.001 0.443 0.009 -0.535 0.001 -0.510 0.002 0.638 0.001 0.531 0.001
髌骨上缘c点 0.417 0.014 0.409 0.016 -0.588 0.001 -0.410 0.016 0.445 0.008 0.574 0.001
髌骨上缘上10 cm a点 0.392 0.022 0.437 0.010 -0.399 0.019 -0.430 0.011 0.446 0.008 0.523 0.002
髌骨上缘上10 cm b点 0.496 0.003 0.606 0.001 -0.385 0.025 -0.423 0.013 0.486 0.004 0.326 0.040
髌骨上缘上10 cm c点 0.446 0.008 0.346 0.045 -0.352 0.041 -0.385 0.024 0.377 0.028 0.357 0.038
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