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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (08) : 740 -747. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.08.008

妇产科超声影像学

胎儿超声心动图在单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄及预后评估中的价值
罗兵1, 董凤群2, 牛艺臻3, 王锟2,(), 程志华1, 刘宏强1   
  1. 1 075000 张家口,河北北方学院附属第一医院超声医学科
    2 050090 石家庄,河北生殖妇产医院胎儿心脏超声科
    3 075000 张家口,河北北方学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-16 出版日期:2025-08-01
  • 通信作者: 王锟
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20211138)

Value of fetal echocardiography in severity and prognosis assessment of isolated pulmonary valve stenosis

Bing Luo1, Fengqun Dong2, Yizhen Niu3, Kun Wang2,(), Zhihua Cheng1, Hongqiang Liu1   

  1. 1 Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
    2 Department of Fetal Heart Ultrasonography, Hebei Maternity Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050090, China
    3 Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
  • Received:2025-01-16 Published:2025-08-01
  • Corresponding author: Kun Wang
引用本文:

罗兵, 董凤群, 牛艺臻, 王锟, 程志华, 刘宏强. 胎儿超声心动图在单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄及预后评估中的价值[J/OL]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2025, 22(08): 740-747.

Bing Luo, Fengqun Dong, Yizhen Niu, Kun Wang, Zhihua Cheng, Hongqiang Liu. Value of fetal echocardiography in severity and prognosis assessment of isolated pulmonary valve stenosis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2025, 22(08): 740-747.

目的

探讨胎儿超声心动图对单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)严重程度及预后的评估价值。

方法

回顾性分析2019年1月至2024年1月在河北北方学院附属第一医院及河北生殖妇产医院经胎儿超声心动图检查诊断为PS,并经出生后超声心动图证实的79例胎儿,根据出生后超声心动图PS的严重程度将其分为轻度PS组38例、中度PS组22例和重度PS组19例。胎儿超声心动图测量肺动脉瓣流速(PVV)、右心室与左心室上下径比值(RV/LV)、三尖瓣反流速度(VTR)、心胸比(C/T)、主肺动脉内径/主动脉内径(MPA/AO)、三尖瓣流入持续时间与心动周期比值(TVI/CC)、三尖瓣环与二尖瓣环横径比(TV/MV)等参数,并通过ROC曲线分析超声心动图参数对PS胎儿围产期结局的预测效能。

结果

3组胎儿超声心动图表现:轻度PS组右心室无显著重构,厚度和直径在正常范围内;中度PS组右心室轻微重构,厚度和直径略有增加;重度PS组右心室严重重构,且伴动脉导管血流反向。随着PS严重程度的增加,C/T、PVV和VTR显著升高,而MPA/AO、RV/LV、TV/MV和TVI/CC逐渐下降,3组间总体差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。轻度和中度PS组中,无动脉导管血流反向;重度PS组中,100%(19/19)的胎儿出现动脉导管血流反向。前列腺素E1的使用率随PS严重程度增加显著升高,其中轻度PS组无病例使用,而中度和重度PS组使用率分别为4.55%(1/22)和57.89%(11/19)。经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的实施率在中度(45.45%,10/22)和重度PS组(78.95%,15/19)显著高于轻度PS组(15.79%,6/38),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。死亡率在轻度和中度PS组均为0,但重度PS组为10.53%(2/19)。复合结局组胎儿PVV显著升高,RV/LV和TV/MV值显著低于无复合结局组,2组间差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。PVV、TV/MV和RV/LV预测胎儿发生复合结局的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.824、0.782和0.750,三者联合预测的ROC曲线下面积为0.919。

结论

胎儿超声心动图参数可有效评估单纯性PS的严重程度,并预测围产期结局。超声参数可用于早期识别高风险胎儿,为个体化围产期管理和干预策略提供科学依据,从而改善胎儿预后。

Objective

To evaluate the value of fetal echocardiography in assessing the severity and prognosis of isolated pulmonary valve stenosis (PS).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 79 fetuses with PS diagnosed by fetal echocardiography and confirmed by postnatal echocardiography between January 2019 and January 2024 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University and Hebei Reproductive and Obstetrics Hospital. According to the severity of PS on postnatal echocardiography, the fetuses were divided into a mild PS group (n=38), a moderate PS group (n=22), and a severe PS group (n=19). Fetal echocardiographic parameters measured included pulmonary valve velocity (PVV), right-to-left ventricular diameter ratio (RV/LV), tricuspid regurgitation velocity (VTR), cardiothoracic ratio (C/T), main pulmonary artery-to-aorta diameter ratio (MPA/AO), tricuspid valve inflow duration-to-cardiac cycle ratio (TVI/CC), and tricuspid-to-mitral valve annular diameter ratio (TV/MV). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive performance of these parameters for perinatal outcomes.

Results

Fetal echocardiographic findings showed no significant right ventricular remodeling in the mild PS group, mild remodeling with slightly increased thickness and diameter in the moderate PS group, and severe remodeling with reversed ductus arteriosus (DA) flow in the severe PS group. With increasing PS severity, C/T, PVV, and VTR increased significantly, while MPA/AO, RV/LV, TV/MV, and TVI/CC decreased progressively, with overall differences among the three groups being statistically significant (P<0.05). No reversed DA flow was observed in the mild and moderate groups; in the severe group, 100% (19/19) of fetuses had reversed DA flow. The use of prostaglandin E1 increased significantly with PS severity: 0 in mild, 4.55% (1/22) in moderate, and 57.89% (11/19) in severe cases. Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty rates were significantly higher in the moderate (45.45%, 10/22) and severe PS groups (78.95%, 15/19) compared with the mild group (15.79%, 6/38) (P<0.001). Mortality was 0 in both the mild and moderate groups but 10.53% (2/19) in the severe group. In patients with composite adverse outcomes, PVV was significantly higher, and RV/LV and TV/MV were significantly lower than those in patients with non-composite adverse outcomes (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve values of PVV, TV/MV, and RV/LV for predicting composite adverse outcomes were 0.824, 0.782, and 0.750, respectively; the AUC of the three parameters combined was 0.919.

Conclusion

Fetal echocardiographic parameters can effectively assess the severity of isolated PS, predict perinatal outcomes. facilitate early identification of high-risk fetuses, and provide a scientific basis for individualized perinatal management and intervention strategies, thereby improving fetal prognosis.

图1 不同程度肺动脉瓣狭窄胎儿四腔心切面超声图像。图a为轻度肺动脉瓣狭窄;图b为中度肺动脉瓣狭窄;图c为重度肺动脉瓣狭窄 注:RA为右心房;RV为右心室;LA为左心房;LV为左心室
图2 胎儿肺动脉瓣狭窄的典型超声表现。图a为二维超声图像显示肺动脉瓣瓣口狭窄,瓣叶活动受限;图b为彩色多普勒图像显示肺动脉流速增快,伴明显湍流;图c为频谱多普勒示肺动脉瓣口血流速度增快 注:RV为右心室;PV为肺动脉瓣;PS为肺动脉瓣狭窄;PA为肺动脉
表1 不同程度肺动脉瓣狭窄胎儿的超声心动图特征比较(
表2 肺动脉瓣狭窄胎儿的围产期结局及早期干预分析
表3 不同肺动脉瓣压力水平胎儿的超声心动图特征(
表4 PS有无复合结局组胎儿的超声心动图特征比较
表5 胎儿超声心动图参数预测PS胎儿出生后复合结局的效能分析
图3 胎儿超声心动图参数预测肺动脉瓣狭窄胎儿出生后发生复合结局的ROC曲线 注:PVV为肺动脉瓣流速;RV/LV为右心室与左心室上下径比值;TV/MV为三尖瓣环与二尖瓣环横径比
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