To investigate the clinical and ultrasonographic features of testicular tuberculosis.

Thirty-seven patients clinically diagnosed with testicular tuberculosis at Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2013 to October 2020 were reviewed retrospectively, and the clinical and sonographic imaging characteristics were summarized.

Among the 37 cases included, 26 were unilateral testicular tuberculosis and 11 were bilateral. The main clinical symptoms were scrotal enlargement, chronic swelling, and pain. The ultrasonographic findings of testicular tuberculosis were diverse and nonspecific, mainly including patchy hypoechoic and mixed echo (17/37, 45.9%), miliary nodules (18/37, 48.6%), nodule or mass (6/37, 16.2%), and sinus formation (8/37, 21.62%). Some patients could have multiple signs. Thirty-two patients were accompanied with epididymal tuberculosis, which showed diffuse enlargement, nodules, or abscesses.

The clinical and ultrasonic manifestations of testicular tuberculosis are diverse. A detailed understanding of relevant medical history, the ultrasonic image characteristics, and the key points of differential diagnosis will help to make a correct diagnosis.