Bladder leiomyoma is a rare type of benign bladder tumors. Because of the lack of knowledge about the ultrasonic patterns of this kind of disease, misdiagnosis frequently happens. Through reviewing the cases and relevant researches, we are able to understand the disease and figure it out in ultrasonic images.

Seventeen cases of patients with bladder leiomyoma were reviewed which were hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during 2000 to 2016. All of the patients underwent ultrasound examinations before surgery. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed in 2 cases. And the diagnosis of each patient was confirmed by pathologic findings.

In 14 Submucous leiomyomacases, hypoechoic mass with broad base was found in the bladder, circumscribed by a hyperechoic line, merging with mucous layer of the bladder. Circular shape was found in 6 cases, elliptical shape was in 9 cases, and 2 were lobulated. Blood signals were detected in 9 cases, while 8 cases showed no signals. Abundant regular blood flow was visualized in the 2 cases of transvaginal examinations.

There are some specific characteristics of bladder leiomyoma in ultrasound images, such as elliptical shape, hypoechoic mass with broad base, circumscribed by a hyperechoic line, merging with mucous layer of the bladder, thus it can be diagnosed before surgery by ultrasonography. Moreover, transvaginal ultrasound can provide more information for diagnosis and treatment planning of bladder leiomyoma, playing an important role in the diagnosis of bladder neoplasms.