To explore the value of integrated cardiopulmonary ultrasound in etiological diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prognosis evluation of neonates with hypoxemia.

Forty-five neonates with hypoxemia admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College from January to August 2018 were selected as a study group, and 20 non-hypoxic neonates who were hospitalized during the same period were selected as a control group. All the neonates underwent integrated cardiopulmonary ultrasonic examination. Echocardiography was used to diagnose structural diseases and to assess cardiac function. Pulmonary ultrasound was used to assess the condition of the lungs. The results of ultrasonography and clinical etiology were comprehensively analyzed.

Of the 45 neonates with hypoxemia, the clinical causes included respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart disease, meconium aspiration syndrome, temporary respiratory increase, post-asphyxia resuscitation and so on. In these neonates, echocardiography showed left heart failure in 8 cases, right heart failure in 1, and pulmonary hypertension in 33. Pulmonary ultrasound showed varying degrees of increased B-lines and local pulmonary consolidation. The total scores of bilateral lungs ranged from 0 to 30, with the most common scores ranging from 13 to 24, and the maximum score of unilateral lung was 18. There were no significant abnormalities of echocardiography or pulmonary ultrasound in the 20 neonates of the control group. In the study group, eight patients with decreased left ventricular function developed diffuse alveolar-interstitial syndrome in the lungs, and one case with decreased right heart function showed A-lines, with a unilateral lung score of 2.

Integrated cardiopulmonary ultrasound can provide clues and evidence for clinical etiology diagnosis, and monitor and predict disease progression with the advantages of no radiation, convenienience, and low cost.