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Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (04): 311-320. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2025.04.006

• Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound • Previous Articles    

Sonographic and clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian granulosa cell tumors and thecoma-fibroma group of tumors

Xiangying Tian1, Huazhang Miao2, Ling Xu1, Yanping Tu1, Jie Zhang1, Guanghua Xiang1, Xianzhe Zhao1, Ning Shang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound,Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
    2. Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
  • Received:2025-03-06 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-06-09
  • Contact: Ning Shang

Abstract:

Objective

To compare the sonographic and clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) and ovarian thecoma-fibroma group (OTFG) of tumors.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 136 patients (42 GCTs and 94 OTFG tumors) with pathologically confirmed diagnoses between January 2015 and September 2024 from Guangdong Women and Children Hospital.Clinical manifestations, sonographic features, and laboratory indicators were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) in diagnosing GCT.Cochran Armitage trend test was used to analyze the correlation between tumor diameter, pelvic and peritoneal fluid accumulation, and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125).

Results

The GCT group comprised 36 adult-type GCTs (85.71%, 36/42) and 6 juvenile-type GCTs (14.29%, 6/42).The OTFG group included 59 fibrothecomas (62.77%, 59/94), 32 fibromas (34.04%, 32/94), and 3 thecomas (3.19%, 3/94).OTFG tumors predominantly presented as solid hypoechoic masses (90.43%, 85/94) with posterior acoustic attenuation(86.17%, 81/94) and low vascularity (grades 1-2: 94.68%, 89/94).In contrast, GCTs mainly manifested as cysticsolid (57.14%, 24/42) or heterogeneous solid masses (35.71%, 15/42) without posterior attenuation, with abundant vascularity (grades 3-4: 88.09%, 37/42).In the OTFG group, tumor diameter showed a significant positive correlation with ascites and elevated CA125 levels (P<0.001); all three cases with Meigs syndrome had tumors >10 cm and elevated CA125.In the GCT group, tumor diameter was only associated with elevated CA125 (P<0.05).The incidences of clinical symptoms (83.33% vs 57.45%), hormonal abnormalities (50.00% vs 12.20%), and elevated AMH levels(80.00% vs 0) were significantly higher in the GCT group compared to the OTFG group (P=0.003, <0.001, and <0.001,respectively).AMH demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.80, specificity of 1.00, and an AUC of 0.90 for diagnosing GCT(P<0.001).

Conclusion

OTFG tumors and GCTs exhibit distinct sonographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics.Ultrasonography combined with AMH testing provides a reliable preoperative diagnostic framework for ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors.

Key words: Ovarian neoplasms, Granulosa cell tumor, Thecoma-fibroma group, Sex cordstromal tumors, Ultrasonography, Anti-Müllerian hormone

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