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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2015, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (07) : 545 -550. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2015.07.010

所属专题: 文献

心血管超声影像学

法洛四联症患儿手术前超声心动图Z值研究
陈伟玲1, 夏焙1,(), 于红奎1, 许娜1   
  1. 1. 518026 汕头大学医学院附属深圳市儿童医院超声影像科
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-17 出版日期:2015-07-01
  • 通信作者: 夏焙

The Z scores value of cardiac structure by preoperative echocardiography in children with tetralogy of Fallot

Weiling Chen1, Bei Xia1,(), Hongkui Yu1, Na Xu1   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China
  • Received:2014-04-17 Published:2015-07-01
  • Corresponding author: Bei Xia
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Xia Bei, Email:
引用本文:

陈伟玲, 夏焙, 于红奎, 许娜. 法洛四联症患儿手术前超声心动图Z值研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2015, 12(07): 545-550.

Weiling Chen, Bei Xia, Hongkui Yu, Na Xu. The Z scores value of cardiac structure by preoperative echocardiography in children with tetralogy of Fallot[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2015, 12(07): 545-550.

目的

探讨法洛四联症(TOF)患儿术前超声心动图的Z值变化及其临床应用的意义。

方法

回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年9月在深圳市儿童医院手术治疗的31例TOF患儿术前超声心动图结果,患儿年龄中位数10个月(3 d~14岁);取同期31例健康儿童为正常对照组,年龄中位数10个月(6 d~13岁)。超声心动图测量内容包括右心室流出道(RVOT)、肺动脉瓣环(PVD)、左肺动脉(LPAD)、右肺动脉(RPAD)、肺动脉瓣口峰值流速(PV-Vmax)、三尖瓣环内径(TVD)、二尖瓣环内径(MVD)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左心室心肌质量(LVmass)。应用深圳市儿童医院小儿超声心动图正常参考值及其回归方程式获得各参数的预测平均值,用Z值公式转为标准值(Z=[M-y]/)。

结果

TOF组与对照组的体表面积,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,TOF组RVOT直径显著减小、Z值呈负值增大(-4.87±1.86 vs 0.33±0.93,t=-13.90,P<0.05);TOF患儿的PVD、LPAD、RPAD显著减小,相应的Z值均呈负值增大(-4.15±2.93 vs 0.11±0.85,t=-7.76;-1.35±2.38 vs 0.66±1.17,t=-4.24;-1.47±2.03 vs 0.59±1.04,t=-4.94,P值均<0.05);而PV-Vmax显著增大,相应的Z值增大,差异有统计学意义(8.38±0.19 vs 0.24±0.98,t=29.50,P<0.05)。TOF组TVD略大于对照组(P=0.10),但其Z值比对照组增大,差异有统计学意义(1.00±1.17 vs 0.29±0.52,t=3.06,P<0.05)。TOF患儿的MVD、LVEDV、LVmass均有减小趋势,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但其Z值均明显减小,差异均有统计学意义(0.25±0.78 vs 0.76±0.65,t=-2.75;-0.92±1.94 vs 0.03±1.01,t=-2.41;-0.83±1.59 vs 0.67±0.69,t=-4.71,P值均<0.05)。与行肺动脉瓣环扩张术相比,行跨肺动脉瓣补片术患儿的RVOT、PVD、LPAD、RPAD稍减小,Z值呈负值增大,差异均无统计学意义(-4.89±2.03 vs -4.84±1.67,t=-0.08;-4.73±3.49 vs -3.34±1.75,t=-1.31;-1.88±2.54 vs -0.62±2.00,t=-1.49;-1.89±1.90 vs -0.84±2.15,t=-1.41,P值均>0.05);行跨瓣补片术患儿的PV-Vmax稍增快,PV-Vmax Z值呈正值增大,但差异无统计学意义(8.58±1.20 vs 8.12±1.16,t=1.07,P>0.05)。

结论

超声心动图Z值可定量分析TOF患儿RVOT狭窄和左心的发育落后。行跨瓣补片患儿的RVOT及肺动脉内径Z值更低。经体表面积校正的Z值对术前诊断和手术方案具有重要意义。

Objective

To evaluate the value and clinical application of cardiac structure Z scores in children with preoperative tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) by echocardiography.

Methods

Considering the result of 31 patients who underwent echocardiography in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital before TOF repair from January 2011 to September 2013, the median age was 10 months (range: 3 days to 14 years). Other 31 normal children were selected as normal control group with age- and sex-matched, the median age was 10 months (range: 6 days to 13 years). Echocardiographic measurements included the diameter of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), pulmonary valve diameter (PVD), left pulmonary artery diameter (LPAD), right pulmonary artery diameter (RPAD), pulmonary valve peak velocity (PV-Vmax), tricuspid annulus diameter (TVD), mitral annulus diameter (MAD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular mass (LVmass). Shenzhen Children’s Hospital pediatric echocardiography normal reference values and the regression equation are applied to obtain the forecast average, and using the Z-score formula into the standard value (Z = [M-y]/).

Results

There was no significant difference in body surface area between the TOF group and control group (P>0.05). Compared with control group, the true value of RVOT reduced significantly in TOF group, its Z-score showed negative values increase (-4.87±1.86 vs 0.33±0.93, t=-13.90, P<0.05). PVD, LPAD and RPAD reduced significantly in TOF group, those Z scores showed a negative value increase (-4.15±2.93 vs 0.11±0.85, t=-7.76; -1.35±2.38 vs 0.66±1.17, t=-4.24; -1.47±2.03 vs 0.59±1.04, t=-4.94; all P<0.05). While PV-Vmax increased significantly, and it’s Z score showed a positive value increase (8.38±0.19 vs 0.24±0.98, t=29.50, P<0.05). TVD of TOF patients was slightly larger than the control group (P= 0.10), but the Z score was significant greater than the control group (1.00±1.17 vs 0.29±0.52, t=3.06, P<0.05). MV-D, LVEDV and LVmass of TOF patients were slightly decreased than the control group (all P>0.05), but the Z scores of TOF were significantly reduced than the control group (0.25±0.78 vs 0.76±0.65, t=-2.75; -0.92±1.94 vs 0.03±1.01, t=-2.41; -0.83±1.59 vs 0.67±0.69, t=-4.71; all P<0.05). The Z scores of RVOT, PVD, LPAD and RPAD had no significant difference between transannular patch surgery and pulmonary valve-sparing repair patients (-4.89±2.03 vs -4.84±1.67, t=-0.08; -4.73±3.49 vs -3.34±1.75, t=-1.31; -1.88±2.54 vs -0.62±2.00, t=-1.49; -1.89±1.90 vs -0.84±2.15, t=-1.41; all P>0.05). For the Z scores of PV-Vmax, there were no significant difference between transannular patch surgery and pulmonary valve-sparing repair (8.58±1.20 vs 8.12±1.16, t=1.07, P>0.05).

Conclusions

The Z scores value of cardiac structure can be used in quantitative analysis of RVOT obstruction and development of left ventricular backward of TOF. The Z score of transannular patch surgery is more lower than pulmonary valve-sparing repair patients. The normalized Z score by body surface area correction is important for the preoperative diagnosis and the surgical planning.

表1 TOF组与对照组儿童RVOT、PVD、LPAD、RPAD及肺动脉Z值的比较
表2 TOF组与对照组儿童MVD、LVEDV及LVmass的Z值结果及其比较(±s
表3 跨瓣补片术与瓣环扩张手术TOF患儿RVOT及肺动脉Z值的比较(±s
图1,2 观察者组内(图1)及组间(图2)检测右心室流出道内径(RVOT)的Bland-Altman分析图
图3,4 观察者组内(图3)及组间(图4)检测三尖瓣环直径(TVD)的Bland-Altman分析图
图5,6 观察者组内(图5)及组间(图6)检测肺动脉瓣口峰值流速(PV-Vmax)的Bland-Altman分析图
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