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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2021, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (09) : 868 -874. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2021.09.010

生殖泌尿超声影像学

超声造影对Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型乳头状肾细胞癌的鉴别诊断
朱梅梅1, 徐超丽1, 田付丽1, 王丹丹1, 杨斌1,()   
  1. 1. 210002 南京大学医学院附属金陵医院(东部战区总医院)超声诊断科
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-06 出版日期:2021-09-01
  • 通信作者: 杨斌

Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ papillary renal cell carcinoma

Meimei Zhu1, Chaoli Xu1, Fuli Tian1, Dandan Wang1, Bin Yang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
  • Received:2021-03-06 Published:2021-09-01
  • Corresponding author: Bin Yang
引用本文:

朱梅梅, 徐超丽, 田付丽, 王丹丹, 杨斌. 超声造影对Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型乳头状肾细胞癌的鉴别诊断[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2021, 18(09): 868-874.

Meimei Zhu, Chaoli Xu, Fuli Tian, Dandan Wang, Bin Yang. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differential diagnosis of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ papillary renal cell carcinoma[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2021, 18(09): 868-874.

目的

探讨Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型乳头状肾细胞癌(PRCC)的超声造影表现及其鉴别诊断价值。

方法

回顾性分析2006年12月至2020年11月在东部战区总医院经病理证实的78例PRCC患者的常规超声检查及超声造影检查表现。78例患者中36例为Ⅰ型PRCC,42例为Ⅱ型PRCC,男性58例(74%),女性20例(26%),年龄(54±12)岁,范围30~76岁。采用单因素分析法比较两型PRCC患者影像学特征的差异,对差异有统计学意义的变量进一步行二元Logistic回归分析。应用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析超声影像特征鉴别诊断Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型PRCC的价值。

结果

单因素分析结果显示,Ⅱ型PRCC病灶的术后病理最大径大于Ⅰ型PRCC病灶的[4.0(3.0,5.5)cm vs 3.1(2.1,4.0)cm],差异有统计学意义(U=555.500,P=0.043)。两型比较,根治性肾切除术(57.1%)更常用于Ⅱ型PRCC,部分肾切除术(22.2%)更常用于Ⅰ型PRCC,差异有统计学意义(P<0.016 667)。常规超声检查时Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型PRCC各声像图特征差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而超声造影检查时两型PRCC的病灶增强模式及增强边缘声像图特征差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步回归分析后,病灶的术后病理大小及病灶手术方式作为干扰因素被排除(P>0.05),而病灶的增强模式及增强边缘为诊断Ⅱ型PRCC的独立危险因素(OR=3.854、4.388,P均<0.05),ROC曲线分析显示二者联合诊断Ⅱ型PRCC的曲线下面积为0.724,敏感度为0.881,特异度为0.500。

结论

超声造影检查可为Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型PRCC的鉴别诊断提供有价值的信息。

Objective

To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination in the differential diagnosis of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC).

Methods

A total of 78 patients pathologically confirmed as having PRCC from December 2006 to November 2020 at the Eastern Theater General Hospital were enrolled. The conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) findings were retrospectively analyzed. There were 58 (74.0%) males and 20 (26.0%) females, aged 30-78 (54±12) years. Univariate analysis was used to compare the differences in imaging characteristics between the two types of PRCC patients, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed for variables with a statistically significant difference. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the value of conventional ultrasound and CEUS imaging features in the differential diagnosis of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ PRCC.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that the postoperative pathological maximum diameter of type Ⅱ PRCC lesions [4.0(3.0, 5.5) cm] was significantly larger than that of type Ⅰ PRCC lesions [3.1(2.1, 4.0) cm; U=555.500, P=0.043]. Radical nephrectomy (57.1%) was more commonly used for type Ⅱ PRCC, and partial nephrectomy (22.2%) was more commonly used for type Ⅰ PRCC, the difference between them was statistically significant (P<0.016 667). Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ PRCC lesions had no statistically significant differences in conventional ultrasound imaging features (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in lesion enhancement pattern and ultrasonographic characteristics of the enhanced lesion edge between the two types of PRCC (P<0.05). After further regression analysis, the postoperative pathological size of the lesion and the surgical method were excluded as interfering factors (P>0.05), while the enhancement pattern and enhanced edge of the lesion were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of type Ⅱ PRCC (P<0.05, OR=3.854 and 4.388, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the two indicators in combination to diagnose type Ⅱ PRCC was 0.724, with a sensitivity of 0.881 and specificity of 0.500.

Conclusion

CEUS examination can provide valuable information for the differential diagnosis of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ PRCC.

图1 Ⅰ型乳头状肾细胞癌患者组织病理和肾超声检查结果(患者男性,65岁)。图a为组织病理可见细胞嗜碱性,乳头结构被覆单层或少数几层立方状细胞(HE ×200);图b为常规超声见右肾中上极见一低回声团块,边界欠清楚,形态尚规则;图c为彩色多普勒血流显像示肿块周边见少许点状血流信号;图d为超声造影皮质期示肿块晚于正常肾皮质显影;图e为超声造影示肿块与正常肾皮质相比呈低增强,强化尚均匀,强化边缘规整;图f为超声造影延迟期示肿块早于正常肾皮质消退
图2 Ⅱ型乳头状肾细胞癌患者组织病理和肾超声检查结果(患者男性,52岁)。图a为病理检查可见细胞嗜酸性,乳头被覆多层细胞(HE ×200);图b为常规超声示左肾上极见一低回声团块,边界尚清楚,形态不规则;图c为彩色多普勒血流显像示肿块周边见条带状血流;图d为超声造影皮质期示肿块同步于肾皮质显影;图e为超声造影示肿块与肾皮质相比,呈低增强,强化不均匀,强化边缘不规整;图f为超声造影延迟期示肿块早于正常肾皮质消退
表1 Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型乳头状肾细胞癌的临床特征、常规超声及超声造影特征比较
项目 Ⅰ型(n=36) Ⅱ型(n=42) 统计值 P
年龄(岁,
x¯
±s
55.8±12.8 52.6±10.7 t=1.174 0.244
性别[例(%)] χ2=0.410 0.522

28(77.8) 30(71.4)

8(22.2) 12(28.6)
肿瘤位置[例(%)] χ2=1.521 0.218

13(36.1) 21(50.0)

23(63.9) 21(50.0)
手术方式[例(%)] χ2=9.813 0.007

病灶剔除术

17(47.2) 17(40.5)

部分肾切术

8(22.2) 1(2.4)

根治性肾切术

11(30.6) 24(57.1)
术后病理最大径[cm,MQR)] 3.1(2.1,4.0) 4.0(3.0,5.5) U=555.500 0.043
肿块最大径[cm,MQR)] 2.6(2.1,4.9) 3.7(2.8,4.4) U=589.000 0.094
肿块回声[例(%)] χ2=3.580 0.180

低回声

23(63.9) 34(81.0)

等回声

4(11.1) 4(9.5)

高回声

9(25.0) 4(9.5)
肿块边界[例(%)] χ2=0.561 0.454

清楚

10(27.8) 15(35.7)

不清楚

26(72.2) 27(64.3)
肿块形态[例(%)] χ2=0.667 0.414

规则

13(36.1) 19(45.2)

不规则

23(63.9) 23(54.8)
肿块CDFI[例(%)] χ2=1.251 0.263

有血流

16(44.4) 24(57.1)

无血流

20(55.6) 18(42.9)
造影模式[例(%)] χ2=5.539 0.019

快进快退

11(30.6) 24(57.1)

慢进快退

25(69.4) 18(42.9)
强化程度[例(%)] χ2=2.227 0.325

低强化

28(77.8) 31(73.8)

等强化

4(11.1) 2(4.8)

高强化

4(11.1) 9(21.4)
强化均匀性[例(%)] χ2=0.206 0.650

均匀

12(33.3) 12(28.6)

不均匀

24(66.7) 30(71.4)
假包膜[例(%)] - 0.275

2(5.6) 6(14.3)

34(94.4) 36(85.7)
造影后肿块边界[例(%)] χ2=2.206 0.137

清楚

24(66.7) 21(50.0)

不清楚

12(33.3) 21(50.0)
造影后肿块边缘[例(%)] χ2=6.798 0.009

规整

26(72.2) 18(42.9)

不规整

10(27.8) 24(57.1)
表2 不同超声造影指标区分两型乳头状肾细胞癌的二元Logistic回归分析
图3 不同影像指标区分两型乳头状肾细胞癌的受试者操作特征曲线
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