使用高频超声测量健康人群指甲及其邻近组织厚度并初步探索其可能的影响因素。

选取2021年3月至2021年8月在四川大学华西医院招募的健康志愿者42名（420个指甲），用高频超声测量双手各手指甲板、甲床、甲基质、远端指间关节处皮肤及指伸肌腱末端的厚度，比较各结构厚度的左右侧、不同手指间及性别间差异，并分析其与年龄、体质指数以及各结构厚度之间的相关性。

性别间比较，男性的各结构厚度均高于女性（P均＜0.05）；左右侧比较，右侧的甲床、甲基质及指伸肌腱末端的厚度均高于左侧（P均＜0.01）；不同手指比较，各结构厚度存在差异（P均＜0.05），以拇指和中指较厚，小指最薄。除远端指间关节处皮肤外，余结构的厚度与年龄均呈正相关关系（r=0.37~0.57，P均＜0.05）；甲床、甲基质及指伸肌腱末端的厚度与体质指数呈正相关关系（r=0.32~0.41，P均＜0.05）；5种结构的厚度两两相关（r=0.32~0.85，P均＜0.05），其中甲床厚度与甲基质厚度表现出较强的正相关关系（r=0.85，P均＜0.01）。

健康人甲板、甲床、甲基质、远端指间关节处皮肤及指伸肌腱末端的厚度与部位、性别、年龄及体质指数相关，各结构厚度之间也存在相关。高频超声可对指甲及其邻近组织进行成像和厚度测量，可作为临床评估指甲状态的重要辅助手段。

To measure the thickness of nail and adjacent tissues in healthy population by high frequency ultrasound, and preliminarily explore its influencing factors.

Forty-two healthy volunteers (420 nails) were recruited from March 2021 to August 2021 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University to participate in this study. The thickness of the nail plate, nail bed, nail matrix, distal interphalangeal joint skin, and extensor tendon insertion was measured by high frequency ultrasound. The thickness of each structure was compared between left and right hands, between fingers, and between genders. The correlation of the measured thickness with age and body mass index, as well as the correlation between the thickness of each structure, was analyzed.

The thickness of each structure in males was larger than that in females (P＜0.05 for all). The thickness of the nail bed, nail matrix, and extensor tendon insertion on the right hand was larger than that on the left (P＜0.01 fro all). There was a significant difference in the thickness of each structure among different fingers (P＜0.05 for all), and the thickness for the thumb and middle finger was larger than others, with the little finger having the thinnest thickness. Except for the skin at the distal interphalangeal joint, the thickness of residual structures was positively correlated with age (r=0.37-0.57, P＜0.05 for all). The thickness of the nail bed, nail matrix, and extensor tendon insertion was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.32-0.41, P＜0.05 for all). The thickness of each structure was pairwise correlated (r=0.32-0.85, P＜0.05 for all), and the thickness of the nail bed and nail matrix showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.85, P＜0.01).

The thickness of the nail plate, nail bed, nail matrix, distal interphalangeal joint skin, and extensor tendon insertion is related to the site, gender, age, and body mass index in healthy population, and there is also a correlation between the thickness of each structure. High frequency ultrasound can image the nail and its adjacent tissues and measure their thickness, which can be used as an important auxiliary means for clinical evaluation of nail condition.