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中华医学超声杂志(电子版) ›› 2022, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (10) : 1046 -1051. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2022.10.005

妇产科超声影像学

MRKH综合征的超声影像学特征及其诊断价值
陈广兰1, 王慧芳2,(), 胡守容2, 张丹丹2, 贺玉梅2, 郭蓉2, 张蕾2, 陈小清2, 华琪2, 张元吉2, 林燕秋2   
  1. 1. 515000 汕头大学医学院;518001 深圳大学第三附属医院 深圳市罗湖区人民医院超声科
    2. 518001 深圳大学第三附属医院 深圳市罗湖区人民医院超声科
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-09 出版日期:2022-10-01
  • 通信作者: 王慧芳

Ultrasonographic imaging features and diagnostic value of MRKH syndrome

Guanglan Chen1, Huifang Wang2,(), Shourong Hu2, Dandan Zhang2, Yumei He2, Rong Guo2, Lei Zhang2, Xiaoqing Chen2, Qi Hua2, Yuanji Zhang2, Yanqiu Lin2   

  1. 1. Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China; Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
    2. Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
  • Received:2022-01-09 Published:2022-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Huifang Wang
引用本文:

陈广兰, 王慧芳, 胡守容, 张丹丹, 贺玉梅, 郭蓉, 张蕾, 陈小清, 华琪, 张元吉, 林燕秋. MRKH综合征的超声影像学特征及其诊断价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2022, 19(10): 1046-1051.

Guanglan Chen, Huifang Wang, Shourong Hu, Dandan Zhang, Yumei He, Rong Guo, Lei Zhang, Xiaoqing Chen, Qi Hua, Yuanji Zhang, Yanqiu Lin. Ultrasonographic imaging features and diagnostic value of MRKH syndrome[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2022, 19(10): 1046-1051.

目的

分析MRKH综合征的超声影像学特征,探讨超声在诊断及鉴别诊断MRKH综合征中的临床价值。

方法

回顾性分析2021年1月至12月深圳市罗湖区人民医院经手术证实的75例MRKH综合征患者的超声表现,并与手术结果进行对比分析,总结MRKH综合征典型及非典型的超声影像学特征。

结果

本组75例MRKH综合征患者均经腹腔镜手术证实,其术前超声检查结果均与手术结果一致,诊断符合率为100%。62例(82.7%)MRKH综合征表现为典型的“四联征”超声特征:在盆腔左右两侧分别可见梭形或长条形肌性回声的始基子宫,未见宫颈和子宫内膜回声;可见连接两侧始基子宫下缘条带状的低回声索状带;双侧卵巢紧邻同侧始基子宫;膀胱尿道后壁与直肠前壁之间未见正常阴道结构,仅见低回声结缔组织。13例(17.3%)MRKH综合征表现为非典型的超声特征:4例始基子宫位置异常,位于腹股沟区;5例始基子宫内有功能性子宫内膜回声;2例索状带静脉扩张;4例卵巢位置异常。其他伴发异常:2例单侧始基子宫肌瘤,3例双侧始基子宫腺肌病,18例合并卵巢病变,4例合并肾脏发育异常。

结论

大部分MRKH综合征具有典型的“四联征”超声特征,准确识别MRKH综合征典型及非典型的超声表现,可为临床诊治MRKH综合征提供可靠的影像学诊断依据。

Objective

To analyze the ultrasonographic imaging features of MRKH syndrome and explore the clinical value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MRKH syndrome.

Methods

A total of 75 cases of MRKH syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. All the cases were diagnosed by ultrasound and confirmed by surgery at Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital from January to December 2021. The typical and atypical ultrasonographic imaging features of MRKH syndrome were reviewed and compared with the surgical findings.

Results

All the 75 patients with MRKH syndrome in this group were confirmed by laparoscopic surgery. The results of preoperative ultrasonography were consistent with the surgical results and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 100%. Sixty-two (82.7%) cases presented with typical "tetrad" ultrasonic signs of MRKH syndrome: fusiform or elongated muscular echoes of the rudimentary uterus (with no cervix or endometrium) on both sides of the pelvic cavity; hypoechoic fibrous band connecting the lower margin of the bilateral rudimentary uterus; ovaries adjacent to the rudimentary uterus; absence of ultrasonic features of the normal vagina between the urethra and bladder posteriorly and the rectum anteriorly. Thirteen (17.3%) cases presented with some atypical features of MRKH syndrome: ectopic rudimentary uterus in the groin region in 4 cases, rudimentary uterus with functional endometrium in 5, varicosis in the fibrous band in 2, and ectopic ovary in 4. Other complications included: leiomyoma in the unilateral uterus in 2 cases, bilateral uterine adenosis in 3, ovarian mass in 18, and renal dysplasia in 4.

Conclusion

Most patients with MRKH syndrome present with typical "tetrad" ultrasonic signs in ultrasound examination. Identifying the typical and atypical ultrasonic manifestations of MRKH syndrome exactly could provide a reliable imaging basis for clinical treatment.

图1 典型MRKH综合征解剖示意图注:1为索状带;2为右侧始基子宫;3为左侧始基子宫;4为右侧卵巢;5为左侧卵巢
图2 典型MRKH综合征超声图像。图a为经直肠超声显示右侧始基子宫和索状带;图b 为经直肠超声显示左侧始基子宫和索状带;图c 为经直肠超声显示索状带(箭头所示);图d 为经直肠超声显示紧邻左侧始基子宫的卵巢;图e 为经直肠双平面高频超声未见正常阴道结构,仅见低回声结缔组织(箭头所示为尿道内口;虚线所示为结缔组织)注:1 为右侧始基子宫;2 为左侧始基子宫;3 为索状带;4 为卵巢;BL 为膀胱;U为尿道;PB为会阴体
图3 典型MRKH综合征腹腔镜术中所见注:1为索状带;2为左侧始基子宫;3为右侧始基子宫;4为左侧卵巢;5为右侧卵巢;6为左侧输卵管;7为右侧输卵管
图4 非典型MRKH综合征超声图像。经直肠超声显示始基子宫内有功能性子宫内膜(箭头所示为子宫内膜)注:1为始基子宫;2为索状带
图5 非典型MRKH综合征索状带静脉曲张超声图像。图a为二维超声图像示索状带静脉曲张(箭头所示);图b为彩色多普勒血流显像示索状带静脉曲张彩色血流图(箭头所示)
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